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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With the increasing number of vehicles on the road and the amount of time people spend driving their vehicles, traffic control and management has become an important part within logistics. Effective traffic control would involve traffic signal control and control over vehicle movement. Since Petri nets are versatile enough to represent traffic signals and traffic flow, it has become an important tool in urban traffic control. Many traffic systems are modeled using hybrid Petri nets. Chapter 1 briefly talks about traffic management systems and previous related work in the area of traffic control. Chapter 2 is a basic background on various Petri nets used in the study. The section also uses examples to demonstrate the working of Petri nets. Chapter 3 introduces the need for optimization in various industry. And then, it discusses different steps involved in optimizing a process. Chapter 4 discusses the existing model of two one-way intersection. In an effort to understand the model better, simulations are also carried out. Then, drawbacks of the existing model are discussed. This paves way for a new, improved, and realistic version of two one-way intersection. Various optimization steps discussed in Chapter 3 is used to optimize traffic light of the improved model. And then, a comparison between existing model and improved model is carried out. Chapter 5 expands the study of traffic models by connecting two different one-way intersection through a road (thus making it a network). Optimization and simulation of the connected-intersection model is also carried out. Chapter 6 is the summary which will provide a brief overview about each chapter.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the past decades, the rapid innovation of technology has greatly affected the automotive industry. However, every innovation has always been paired with safety risks that needs to be quickly addressed. This is where Petri nets (PNs) have come into the picture and have been used to model complex systems for different purposes, such as production management, traffic flow estimation and the introduction of new car features collectively known as, Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Since most of these systems include both discrete and continuous dynamics, the Hybrid Petri net (HPN) model is an essential tool to model these. The objective of this thesis is to develop, analyze and simulate a lane keeping support system using an HPN model. Chapter 1 includes a brief summary of the specific ADAS used, lane departure warning and lane keeping assist systems and then related work on PNs is mentioned. Chapter 2 provides a background on Petri nets. In chapter 3, we develop a discrete PN model first, then we integrate continuous dynamics to extend it to a HPN model that combines the functionalities of the two independent ADAS systems. Several scenarios are introduced to explain the expected model behavior. Chapter 4 presents the analysis and simulation results obtained on the final model. Chapter 5 provides a summary for the work done and discusses future work.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With the rapid growth of technology, scientists are trying to find ways to make the world a more efficient and eco-friendly place. The research and development of electric vehicles suddenly boomed since natural resource are becoming very scarce. The significance of an electric vehicle goes beyond using free energy, it is environ- mental friendly. The objective of this thesis is to understand what Vehicle to Grid Communication (V2G) for an electric vehicle is, and to implement a model of this highly efficient system into a Hybrid Petri Net. This thesis proposes a Hybrid Petri net modeling of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Communication topology. Initially, discrete, continuous, and hybrid Petri net's are defined, familiarized, and exemplified. Secondly, the Vehicle and Grid side of the V2G communication system is introduced in detail. The modeling of individual Petri nets, as well as their combination is discussed thoroughly. Thirdly, in order to prove these systems, simulation and programming is used to validate the theoretical studies. A Matlab embedded simulation program known as SimHPN is used to simulate specific scenario's in the system, which uses Depth-first Search (DFS) Algorithm. In addition to SimHPN simulation program, Matlab program is made to output four levels of the reachability tree as well as specifying duplicate and terminate nodes. This code incorporates a technique known as Breadth-first Search (BFS) Algorithm.