The thesis deals with eutrophication of fishponds in the sixteen regions in the Czech Republic. Data about basic chemistry and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) were evaluated in terms of temporal (during the years 1995 - 2003 and 2012) and spatial differences. ANOVA one-way and linear regression analysis, were used for detail description. Only regions (locality) Lednice, Brno, Ostrava and Řežabinec showed regular differences in most of the parameters. Between other regions individual differences were frequently found, mostly in conductivity and alkalinity, which are primarily reflect the different character of the catchments e.g. natural conditions. Less significant differences were observed in total N, and minimal differences were found in total P and chlorophyll. The high level of fishpond eutrophication has been also demonstrated by similarities in seasonal trends. Increasing the average value of the total P from 0, 23 mg/L to 0, 32 mg/L and increased chlorophyll concentration from 76 ?g/L to 218 ?g/L from spring to summer, are typical patterns for shallow fishponds heavily loaded with nutrients. The results allow to conclude, that fishpond eutrophication level is similar over the most of studied regions and remains unchanged during the last decades.

TEIXEIRA, Zulene Almada. Processos determinantes da qualidade das águas subterrâneas da Formação Jandaíra na Chapada do Apodi/CE. 2015. 144 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geologia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-13T20:40:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_zateixeira.pdf: 5203981 bytes, checksum: a82cb8b3c9515c36265e407495350072 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T18:19:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_zateixeira.pdf: 5203981 bytes, checksum: a82cb8b3c9515c36265e407495350072 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T18:43:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_zateixeira.pdf: 5203981 bytes, checksum: a82cb8b3c9515c36265e407495350072 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T18:43:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_zateixeira.pdf: 5203981 bytes, checksum: a82cb8b3c9515c36265e407495350072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The Jandaíra Aquifer, located in the Apodi Plateau in Quixeré, Ceará, is used predominantly for irrigated agriculture and is an aquifer of nature karst and is unconfined. In the area was found contamination by human activities and due to high heterogeneity and anisotropy of permeability, rain infiltration differs from one point to another, resulting in different concentrations in the same aquifer. Was realized monitoring of the static level and the volume produced in 11 wells using datalogger. Six campaigns were realized for sampling 17 wells for analysis of major ions and measurements of electrical conductivity and pH; and 15 wells for measuring the presence of pesticides. Geochemical modelling was performed using PHREEQC to determine the molar ratios and saturation transfer to identify the processes which occur in the interaction of water and rock. The results indicate: i) static levels usually accompany seasonality and have different behaviors location to another with respect to recharge, due to the heterogeneous characteristics of the aquifer; ii) the hydrochemical analyzes show that predominate the relations HCO3- > Cl- and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+, ions of natural origin; iii) NO3- is of anthropic origin, as well as part of K+; iv) 12 different types of pesticides were identified, mostly in the months of May, July, September and November/11, mostly in wells located in the discharge area; v) the Ca2+ ratio versus HCO3- indicates dissolution of carbonate minerals; vi) the geochemical modeling showed negative saturation indices of anhydrite minerals, gypsum and halite, indicating subsaturation solution in all waters of the sampled wells; aragonite and calcite had similar behavior, ranging from subsaturated to saturated; dolomite had a higher tendency to precipitation, especially in the second half, helped by the weather; vii) the increasing concentration of Na+ is due to the cation exchange process which reduces the saturation levels of carbonate minerals; viii) the molar transfers of calcite and dolomite in nine of the simulations indicate in five of them, dissolving condition; anhydrite and halite show evidence of dissolution in two simulations; ix) the simulated results show that the direction of flow is one of the dominant factors in the dissolution process and the cationic and gas exchange. / O Aquífero Jandaíra, localizado na Chapada do Apodi, em Quixeré, Ceará é utilizado, predominantemente, para a agricultura irrigada, sendo o mesmo de natureza cárstica e livre. Na área foi constatada contaminação por atividades antrópicas e por possuir elevada heterogeneidade e anisotropia da permeabilidade, a infiltração da chuva difere de um ponto a outro, resultando em concentrações distintas no mesmo aquífero. Foi realizado monitoramento do nível estático e volume explotado em 11 poços utilizando datalogger. Seis campanhas foram realizadas para coletas de amostras em 17 poços para análises dos íons maiores e medidas de condutividade elétrica e pH, e em 15 poços para medida da presença de agrotóxicos. Modelagem geoquímica foi realizada com o PHREEQC para determinação dos índices de saturação e transferência molar com o intuito de identificar os processos que ocorrem na interação água e rocha. Os resultados indicaram: i) os níveis estáticos, em geral acompanhando a sazonalidade, e tendo comportamentos distintos de um local a outro com relação à recarga, em função das características heterogêneas do aquífero; ii) que as análises hidroquímicas mostram a predominância das relações HCO3- > Cl- e Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+(íons de origem natural); iii) que o NO3- é de origem antrópica, assim como parte do K+; iv) que foram identificados 12 tipos diferentes de agrotóxicos, a maioria amostrados nos meses de maio, julho, setembro e novembro/11, em poços situados em área de descarga; v) que a relação Ca2+ versus HCO3- depende da dissolução de minerais carbonatados; vi) que a modelagem geoquímica mostrou índices de saturação negativos para os minerais anidrita, gipso e halita, sugerindo solução subsaturada em todas as águas dos poços amostrados. A aragonita e a calcita tiveram comportamento similares, variando de subsaturados a saturados. A dolomita apresentou maior tendência à precipitação, principalmente no segundo semestre, favorecida pela estiagem; vii) que o aumento da concentração de Na+ é decorrente do processo de troca catiônica diminuindo os índices de saturação dos minerais carbonatados; viii) que as transferências molares da calcita e da dolomita em nove simulações indicaram em cinco delas, condição de dissolução; anidrita e a halita mostraram evidência de dissolução em duas simulações; ix) que o sentido do fluxo é um dos fatores dominantes nos processos de dissolução e nas trocas catiônicas e gasosas.

Submitted by Cristiano Cigagna (criscigagna@yahoo.it) on 2018-04-12T22:24:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cigagna.pdf: 8002230 bytes, checksum: 89aa18578049e6d728e6f721adba39c8 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br), reason: - Falta a capa Por gentileza, informe na frente do número da agência de fomento, qual a agência corresponde (conforme exemplo), ou seja, se o número informado é da CAPES ou do CNPq. on 2018-04-13T11:52:02Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cristiano Cigagna (criscigagna@yahoo.it) on 2018-04-13T16:10:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cigagna.pdf: 8002230 bytes, checksum: 89aa18578049e6d728e6f721adba39c8 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br), reason: - Falta a capa. on 2018-04-13T16:34:26Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cristiano Cigagna (criscigagna@yahoo.it) on 2018-04-13T17:23:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Cigagna.pdf: 6939666 bytes, checksum: d2a00575ebb4a9c0e8035daf1a2cbf60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-04-16T13:40:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cigagna_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 6662185 bytes, checksum: 20e635cff0d078cea86d7c39a0bd6ad7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T13:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cigagna_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 6662185 bytes, checksum: 20e635cff0d078cea86d7c39a0bd6ad7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pesquisou-se a variação histórica da taxa de sedimentação em cinco testemunhos dos principais rios da bacia do Rio Itanhaém, a segunda maior bacia litorânea do Estado de São Paulo, empregando-se o radioisótopo chumbo-210 (210Pb) como geocronômetro. As principais características das águas fluviais e dos sedimentos foram determinadas com o intuito de subsidiar a interpretação geocronológica. O estudo também compreende o uso de produtos de sensoriamento remoto na caracterização da suscetibilidade natural à erosão da bacia, por meio da análise morfoestrutural. Os resultados demonstram que a sistemática da análise morfoestrutural é eficaz no mapeamento de áreas naturalmente sensíveis à erosão, podendo ser aplicada em diferentes escalas de trabalho. Os setores mais suscetíveis encontram-se a montante da bacia e abrangem, principalmente, áreas de drenagem do Rio Mambú e Rio Branco, sendo que ao longo do curso deste último, verificam-se as regiões com maior potencial erosivo. Neste contexto, foram determinadas taxas de sedimentação no intervalo de 0,31 a 3,97 g/cm2.ano e 0,30 a 3,40 cm/ano nos principais rios da bacia, com destaque para o testemunho extraído do Rio Branco, que exibiu a taxa de sedimentação mais expressiva. Os perfis correspondentes ao Rio Preto e Aguapeú apresentaram descontinuidades nas taxas de sedimentação. As descontinuidades foram datadas e, estariam, provavelmente, relacionadas ao processo de uso e ocupação do solo, que se intensificou no município de Itanhaém por volta da metade do século XX. / The historical variation of sedimentation rate was investigated in five cores of the main rivers in the Itanhaém river basin, the second largest coastal basin in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, using the radioisotope lead-210 (210Pb) as a geochronometer. The principal characteristics of river waters and sediments were determined with the purpose of supporting the geochronological interpretation results. The study also includes the use of satellite remote sensing information’s in order to characterize the basin natural susceptibility to erosion processes, through morphostructural analysis techniques. The results showed that the morphostructural analysis is effective to mapping areas naturally sensitive to erosion, and can be applied at different work scales. The sectors with the highest erosion susceptibility are located in the basin upstream and mainly cover drainage areas of the Mambú and Branco rivers, where the regions with the highest erodibility potential can be found. In this context, sedimentation rates were determined in the range of 0.31 to 3.97 g/cm2 and 0.30 to 3.40 cm/year in the basin main rivers, highlighting the core extracted from Branco river, which exhibited the highest sedimentation rate. The cores corresponding to the Preto and Aguapeú rivers presented discontinuities in sedimentation rates. The discontinuities layers were dated and would probably be related to the land use and occupation process, which has intensified in the city of Itanhaém around the middle of the 20th century. / CNPq: 164327/2015-0

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The present study investigated the application of a multi-method approach to determine groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions to quantify and characterize the quality of water resources in a fractured rock aquifer system in upper catchment of the Berg River (G10A). Demonstrating methods for improved understanding of groundwater and surface water interactions is important for informing development of strategies that ensure effective utilization and management of water resources. Applying a single method to inform innovative strategies for water resources has proved futile. The current study shows how the use of several methods can provide the basis for devising practical strategies for water resource utilization and management. The three methods were applied as follows: First, the base flow separation was used whereby the Chapman and Lynne & Hollick digital filter algorithms were applied to time-series streamflow data from four stream gauging stations in the catchment. The computation from algorithms on three sites (gauging stations) showed that the mean Base Flow Index (BFI) value ranged between 7%-8% for the 2012-2014 periods. This means that discharges from subsurface water storages dominate stream flows throughout the study period. Secondly, the quality of groundwater and surface water was sampled using standard methods. Piper Diagrams generated on Aquachem™ software and radial charts were used to identify the predominant hydrochemical facies. Results showed that Na-Cl was the predominant GW and SW water-type. This means that both GW and SW are mainly influenced by recharging surface water as well as interaction occurring between the rock matrices and infiltrating water. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the factors controlling GW and SW chemistry in the upper Berg River catchment and the results showed that GW and SW are influenced by natural processes. Two main factors (a. & b.) were extracted which explained 71.8% of the variation in both GW and SW physicochemical parameters. These factors include water-rock interactions and the recharge of surface water. Cluster Analysis extracted four major clusters that grouped sites with similar physicochemical characteristics together. Finally, differential stream gauging was applied to a 600m reach above the Berg River Dam. Three 200m sub-reaches were used to compute differences in flows between sub-reaches. Stream flow at each sub-reach was estimated using mass balance equations with electrical conductivity measurements during instant salt tracer injection tests. Results indicated that during both the wet season (high flow) dry season (low flow), the river continuously lost water to the subsurface. This was demonstrated by the 0.91m³/s and 2.24m³/s decrease in stream flow along the 600m reach. Dry season flow decreases were less than wet season flow decreases, indicated by markedly lower flow loss in respect to the wet season. This confirms results of the analysis of base flow separation, which indicated that discharges from subsurface storages dominate stream flows during low flow periods. The differential stream gauging approach did not provide distinct points along the selected stream reach where GW-SW interaction occurred; rather it provided a holistic representation of seasonal flow variations along the selected reach. This study showed that upper Berg River catchment is dependent on discharges from subsurface water storages to maintain dry season flows. Furthermore, this study showed that infiltration of surface water and discharge of subsurface water transfers the respective chemical signature of the contributor, meaning that the transfer of water of suitable quality will reduce contamination in the receiving water body (i.e. surface water). Transfer of water between subsurface and surface water contributed an average of 8% of the gauged flows in the catchment between 2012 and 2014, suggesting that the groundwater recharge process dominates this catchment.

Delta Wadi El-Arish, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, forms one of the most important parts of Egypt for industrial and agricultural expansion projects. This study focuses on the hydrogeology and the hydrochemistry of the Quaternary aquifer in the delta Wadi El-Arish area. Accurate information about the groundwater characteristics of the Quaternary aquifer will allow implementation of a sound water management policy for the Wadi El-Arish area. The objectives of this study include: 1) determining the relationships between groundwater extraction and water levels and water quality using water-level measurements, total extraction of the wells, and chemical analyses of water samples; 2) determining the direction of groundwater flow using water-level measurements; 3) calculating the hydraulic parameters of the Quaternary aquifer using pumping test data; and 4) determining the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Quaternary aquifer. The results of this study indicate that: 1. Potentiometric surface elevations have decreased by an average of about 0.5 m. 2. Potentiometric surface elevations have decreased in response to an increase in extraction rates. 3. The transmissivity of the lower Pleistocene calcareous sandstone (kurkar) unit is higher than the transmissivity of the upper Pleistocene sand and gravel alluvial deposits. 4. Groundwater in the upper Pleistocene sand and gravel aquifer is augmented with groundwater leaking from the overlying Holocene sand deposits through the intervening sandy clay aquitard. 5. Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations have been increased by an average of about 1,500 ppm. 6. An increase in sea water intrusion in the northern part of the study area has occurred. 7. Groundwater in the calcareous sandstone kurkar is of lower quality than groundwater in the alluvium sand and gravel. Management of the groundwater resources should include the following recommendations: 1. No new pumping wells should be drilled in the area. 2. Accurate estimates for the total recharge should be determined using a more detailed water budget for the delta Wadi El-Arish area. 4. The operation of wells should be managed by an automatic control system.

Several thousand coastal perennially ice-covered oligotrophic lakes and ponds have been identified on the Antarctic continent. To date, most hydrochemical studies on Antarctica’s ice-covered lakes have been undertaken in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (more than 20 lakes/ponds studied since 1957) because of their proximity to the McMurdo research station and the New Zealand station Scott Base. Yet, little attention has been given to coastal ice-covered lakes situated in Antarctica’s central Queen Maud Land region, and more specifically in the Untersee Oasis: a polar Oasis that encompasses two large perennially ice-covered lakes (Lake Untersee & Lake Obersee), and numerous small ice-covered morainic ponds. Consequently, this PhD research project aims to describe and understand the distribution, ice cover phenology, and contemporary hydrochemistry of perennially ice-covered lakes and ponds located in the Untersee Oasis and their effect on the activity of the benthic microbial ecosystem. Lake Untersee, the largest freshwater coastal lake in central Queen Maud Land, was the main focus of this study. Its energy and water mass balance was initially investigated to understand its current equilibrium and how this perennially well-sealed ice-covered lake may evolve under changing climate conditions. Results suggest that Lake Untersee’s mass balance was in equilibrium between the late 1990s and 2018, and the lake is mainly fed by subglacial meltwater (55-60%) and by subaqueous melting of glacier ice (40-45%). A recursive stable water isotope (δD-δ18O) evolution model for well-sealed perennial ice-covered lakes that takes into account the effect of changing chemistry in residual waters on δD-δ18O values was then developed and determined that Lake Untersee is in isotopic steady-state. Modeling results also showed that Untersee most likely did not receive additional inputs from surface streams during the last 300–500 years at the time of sampling, in November-December 2017. However, in mid-January 2019, Untersee experienced a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) that increased the water level by 2 m (contributing 1.75×107 m3 of water), modifying its water chemistry and inorganic carbon load. High-resolution grain size and carbon isotope analyses of the benthic microbial mats suggest that GLOFs occurred periodically over the Holocene and that those events sporadically increased the primary productivity of its benthic microbial ecosystem. Finally, ice-covered ponds in the Oasis were identified and sampled to compare their morphometric properties, hydrochemical properties, and microbial mat activity with Lake Untersee. It was discovered that the Untersee Oasis ponds offer the full spectrum of ice cover types (i.e., perennial well-sealed, perennial and moat forming, and seasonally ice-covered) and that their hydrochemical properties depend on ice cover type. Empirical pond data was used to determine how Lake Untersee and the ponds themselves will evolve as they transition under a warming climate from well-sealed to moat forming and from moat forming to seasonally ice-covered.

No description available.

Η υπό μελέτη περιοχή βρίσκεται στο δήμο Απολλώνιων, του νομό Λευκάδας. Το υπόβαθρο της αντιπροσωπεύεται δυτικά από την ανθρακική σειρά της ζώνης Παξών και κλαστικά ιζήματα. Η τεκτονική της χαρακτηρίζεται από ένα κατακερματισμένο, κλειστό αντίκλινο μεγάλης ακτίνας καμπυλότητας, τη μονάδα Λευκάτα. Ενώ η ανατολική πλευρά αποτελείται από την ασβεστολιθική σειρά της Ιόνιας ζώνης, το Φλύσχη και την Μειοκαινική Σειρά. Η σχέση μεταξύ αυτών των δύο ζωνών είναι ότι η δεύτερη είναι εφιππευμένη στην πρώτη. Στο πεδινό τμήμα πάνω στους προαναφερθείς σχηματισμούς αποτέθηκαν αλλουβιακές προσχώσεις. Στα πλαίσια της εργασίας αυτής πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις στάθμης του ελεύθερου υδροφόρου του πεδινού τμήματος και δειγματοληψία από γεωτρήσεις, έτσι ώστε να μελετηθούν οι υδρογεωλογικές και υδροχημικές συνθήκες της περιοχής. Επίσης συλλέχθηκαν και αναλύθηκαν μετεωρολογικά δεδομένα ενώ κατασκευάστηκε γεωμορφολογικός χάρτης της με τη χρήση των γεωγραφικών συστημάτων πληροφοριών(GIS). / The study area, is located in the municipality of Apollonian, part of the prefecture of Lefkas. Its bedrock, to the western part consists of the carbonic sequence of Paxos Zone that is covered by clastic sediments.Its tectonics arecharacterized by a fragmented closed anticline, with large radius of curvature, called the unit Lefkata. While the eastern part consists of the series of carbonate formations of the Ionia Zone, the flysch formations and ends with the Miocene sequence. The relation between those two zones is that the second one is obducted over the first one. Finally above all those aforementioned formations, on the flat section recent alluvium were deposited. As part of this work, water levels were measured of the unconfined aquifer on the flat region and groundwater samplings have been taken, in order to define the hydrogeological and hydro-chemical conditions that prevail in the broader region. Furthermore, meteorological data of the area were collected and analyzed and in addition a geomorphological map of the area was constructed with the use of geographical information systems (GIS).

Logsdon River is a major, base-level stream within the Turnhole Bend Drainage basin of the Mammoth Cave System. The Logsdon River system has provided a unique opportunity to examine the geochemical evolution of a stream flowing through a major karst conduit that can be traversed for 10 km. This study examines CO2 inputs at the upstream portion of the river, which provide major control for the river’s hydrochemistry. Samples were collected from the upstream portion of Logsdon River at what is referred to as the S-188 sump and also nearby at Crowbar Dome over the course of 44 weeks from May 2012 through April 2013. The concentrations of CO2 for samples were calculated from field and laboratory analysis. The CO2 concentrations were examined during the study period to assess potential sources of CO2 input to the karst system in the context of seasonal variation. Seasonal fluctuations were found to be greatest in the near surface sample site, Crowbar Dome. Attenuation of seasonal variation of CO2 pressures in the upstream Logsdon River S-188 Sump suggests both surface inputs plus additional inputs of CO2 entering the system, perhaps from the decay of organic material in the saturated passages upstream beyond the accessible portion of the Logsdon River S-188 Sump. This in-cave source of CO2 has some control on hydrochemistry, and thus waterrock interaction and speleogenesis of the karst landscapes in south-central Kentucky

The present thesis deals with the definition of reference conditions of mountain and submountains streams in selected European countries and on the requirements of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Here is presented the Typology of watercourses of Czech Republic and the delimitation of mountain and submountains types in selected locations in the Ore Mountains and the Bohemian Forest. In the second part of the work is solved hydromorphological status of watercourses. Monitoring was conducted on streams Rolava, Černá voda, Křemelná, Slatinný p., Modravský p., Roklanský p. and Javoří p. To evaluate the degree of hydromorphological quality was used Hydroecological monitoring method. The thesis includes a brief assessment of physical-geographic characteristics mentioned flows with emphasis on the runoff regime in their basins. In conclusion, there are identified and defined reference parts of streams and their characteristics. Keywords: reference conditions, typology of streams, hydromorphological status, hydromorphological quality, hydromorphological monitoring, runoff regime