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Using Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions to Control the Peptide Miscibility and Secondary StructuresLu, Yi-syuan 07 August 2012 (has links)
In this study we synthesized poly(tyrosine) (PTyr) through living ring-opening polymerization of £\-amino acid-N-carboxyanhydride and then blended with poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) homopolymer in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol solutions to control the miscibility behavior and the secondary structures of poly(tyrosine). Infrared spectrum analysis suggests that the mixture of PTyr/P4VP possesses strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the hydroxyl group of PTyr and the pyridine group of P4VP. DSC analyses indicate that these PTyr/P4VP complexes from methanol solution always have higher glass transition temperatures than the corresponding PTyr/P4VP miscible blends obtained from DMF solution. We proposed that the polymer chain behavior of PTyr/P4VP blend from DMF solution is the separated random coil and thus the PTyr chain possesses the random coil secondary structure after solvent evaporation. However, by increasing the hydrogen bonding for PTyr/P4VP complex from methanol solution, inter-polymer complex aggregate is proposed and the corresponding chain behavior enhances the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction of PTyr with P4VP that results in the £]-sheet conformation based on Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Premiers nanovecteurs supramoléculaires ciblant le cerveau par transport actif / First supramolecular nanovectors targeting the brain by active transportMarmin, Thomas January 2017 (has links)
La délivrance de médicament dans l’organisme vers des organes cibles tout en minimisant les effets secondaires représente un énorme défi scientifique. Les recherches actuelles révèlent qu’il existe de nombreuses embuches pour acheminer des composés thérapeutiques vers le système nerveux central. De nombreuses maladies (l’autisme, la schizophrénie, la maladie d’Alzheimer…) liées au système nerveux central nuisent à la qualité de vie et entrainent des coûts importants pour la société. Ce mémoire repose sur l’amélioration de l’accessibilité de composés thérapeutiques vers le cerveau en passant la barrière hémato-encéphalique, une barrière biologique difficilement franchissable. Pour introduire des médicaments dans le système nerveux central, il faut passer cette barrière, ce qui est très difficile, car elle est remarquablement efficace pour protéger le milieu cérébral. C’est pourquoi nous allons développer une nouvelle stratégie consistant à élaborer un nouveau type de transporteur. Nous proposons d’utiliser des macrolactames ayant la propriété de s’empiler sous forme de tubes supramoléculaires d’une stabilité adéquate. Il sera alors possible d’y greffer des médicaments et aussi des agents d’ouverture de la barrière hémato-encéphalique. Ce mémoire présente l’élaboration de ces nouveaux macrocycles chiraux, les résultats de différentes analyses structurales prouvant la présence de tubes et de systèmes robustes et enfin la fonctionnalisation du macrocycle par un agent médicamenteux (doxorubicine). / Abstract : Delivering drug into the body to target specific organs, while minimizing side effects, is an
enormous scientific challenge. Current research reveals that there are many pitfalls for
delivering therapeutic compounds to the central nervous system. Many diseases (autism,
schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, etc.) linked to the central nervous system affect the quality of
life and entail significant costs for society. This thesis is based on the improvement in the
accessibility of therapeutic compounds to the brain by passing the blood-brain barrier, a
biological barrier difficult to cross. To introduce drugs into the central nervous system, this
barrier must be overcome. This is very difficult because it is remarkably effective in
protecting the brain. This is why we will develop a new strategy based on a new type of
transporter. We propose to use macrolactams having the property of stacking in the form of
supramolecular tubes of adequate stability. It will then be possible to graft medicines and
also agents capable of opening the blood-brain barrier. This manuscript describes the
development of these new chiral macrocycles, the results of various structural analyses
proving the presence of robust tubes and systems, and finally the functionalization of the
macrocycles by a medicinal agent (doxorubicin).
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