Pour répondre aux enjeux économiques et sociaux modernes, le développement de catalyseurs organométalliques à base de métaux abondants et bon marché, comme alternatives aux catalyseurs historiques basés sur les métaux précieux, connaît un essor constant depuis deux décennies. L’objectif du présent travail doctoral a été de développer des catalyseurs à base de manganèse, troisième métal de transition le plus abondant après le fer et le titane, et précédemment principalement utilisé en oxydation, pour les réactions de (dé)-hydrogénation. / To meet modern economic and social challenges, the development of inexpensive and abundant metal-based organometallic catalysts, as alternatives to historical catalysts based on precious metals, has been growing steadily for two decades. The aim of this doctoral work was to develop catalysts based on manganese, which is the third most abundant transition metal after iron and titanium, and previously mainly used in oxidation, for (de)-hydrogenation reactions.

<strong>Introduction – Dearomatisation of Heteroaromatic Compounds</strong> The introduction provides a survey of dearomatisation reaction of heteroaromatics, with a particular focus on pyridines/pyridinium salts and furans. The mechanism, scope, and limitations of various approaches are covered, along with the goals of this project. <strong>Results and Discussion – Dearomatisation of Electron-Deficient Heteroaromatics</strong> This chapter initially explores the asymmetric addition of organometallic nucleophiles to pyridinium salts bearing a chiral counterion. Unfortunately, this approach ultimately proved unsuccessful, due to low observed enantioselectivities, and the low solubility of such salts. The second part of this chapter concerns the attempted asymmetric addition of dicarbonyl nucleophiles to electron-deficient furans, under conditions of chiral phase-transfer catalysts, affording bicyclic products in moderate enantioselectivity. Various alternative routes were also explored for the dearomatisation of furans and benzenoid systems. <strong>Introduction – Hydrogen Borrowing Alkylation Reactions with Alcohols</strong> The introduction surveys the range of methods available for the alkylation of various nucleophiles with alcohols under transition metal-catalysed conditions. Related methodologies are also explored, along with methods for the dehydrogenation of methanol. <strong>Results and Discussion - Rhodium-catalysed Methylation of Ketones Using Methanol</strong> This chapter describes the development of a novel ketone α-methylation using methanol. The development of reaction conditions is explored, followed by expansion of the substrate scope, including limitations of the methylation reaction. Mechanistic investigations support a methanol oxidation, aldol reaction/elimination, conjugate reduction pathway. Investigations into the role of O2 in the methylation reaction proved inconclusive. The utility of the reaction was also expanded via one-pot dialkylation reactions (work by Di Shen), Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the products, and an attempted asymmetric transfer-hydrogenation. <strong>Results and Discussion - Interrupted Hydrogen Borrowing Reactions of Methanol</strong> This chapter looks to intercept intermediates from the α-methylation reaction. The selective methylenation of ketones is described, and a range of nucleophiles are screened for further functionalisation of ketones. Finally, a number of nucleophiles, including nitroalkanes, amines, peroxides and boronic acids are applied to one pot methylenation/conjugate addition protocols, affording complex products after two steps in one reaction vessel. <strong>Experimental</strong> Full experimental procedures and spectroscopic characterisation of compounds are provided.

Grâce à l’utilisation de catalyseurs sacrifiables issus, la plupart du temps, du groupe principal ou de la première période des éléments de transition, des nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse pour accéder à des molécules complexes ont été développées au cours de cette thèse. i) Des bicyclolactones ont été synthétisées par addition intramoléculaire de β-cétoesters sur des diènes-1,3 catalysée par un système coopératif de Bi(OTf)₃ et d’HOTf. ii) le motif 7-alcynylcycloheptatriène a été étudié et a permis d’accéder sélectivement à différents produits issus soit d’une cycloisomérisation d’énynes-1,6 ou d’une hydroarylation d’allènes, en fonction du caractère dur ou mou de l’acide de Lewis utilisé. iii) Ce motif a ensuite été utilisé comme plateforme pour accéder à des molécules polycycliques en présence d’acides de Lewis ou à des bromophénylallènes en présence d’un agent de bromation. Les bromoallènes ainsi formés ont pu être engagé dans des réactions de couplages C-C et C-N ou dans une réaction de CH-propargylation. iv) La N-éthylation réductrice d’imines en présence d’éthanol et d’un complexe de fer facilement accessible a été étudiée et a conduit à la formation d’amines tertiaires portant trois substituants différents. / Due to the use of sacrificial catalysts, most of the time derived from main group elements or 1st row transition metal, new methodologies were developed in this thesis to access complex molecules. i) Bicyclolactones were synthesized by an intramolecular addition of β-ketoesters into 1,3-dienes catalyzed by a cooperative Bi(OTf)₃ / HOTf catalytic system. ii) The 7-alkynylcyclohepatriene moiety was studied and afforded different products provided by a cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes or an hydroarylation of allenes. The selectivity of this reaction is dependent of the soft or hard character of the Lewis acids engaged. iii) Afterward, the 7-alkynylcycloheptatriene moeity was used as a plateform to access various polycyclic molecules in presence of Lewis acids or bromophenylallenes in presence of a bromation agent. Thus the bromoallene formed can be engaged in C-C and C-N cross coupling reactions or in a CH propargylation reaction. iv) The reductive ethylation of imines using ethanol and a simple iron complex was developed and led to the formation of tertiary amines with three different substituents.