Orientador: Antonio José Goulart / Banca: Renata Bonini Pardo / Banca: Hamilton Cabral / Resumo: O leite de búfala representa 12% da produção mundial de leite, com maiores teores de proteínas e gorduras que o de vaca. O soro de leite é o co-produto da indústria queijeira que vem sendo, muitas vezes, descartado no meio ambiente, causando grande impacto ambiental em função de sua constituição rica em proteínas e lactose. Hidrólise enzimática é um avanço tecnológico importante por melhorar propriedades físicas, químicas e funcionais dessas proteínas. O objetivo do trabalho foi produzir hidrolisados protéicos a partir das proteínas presentes no soro do leite de búfala e simular a digestão in vitro pelo método da dialisabilidade. O soro lácteo bubalino foi dialisado para retirada de lactose e pequenos peptídeos e aminoácidos, e tratado com caulim para adsorção da gordura. Os produtos de médio e alto grau de hidrólise foram obtidos por ação da pepsina, tripsina, quimotripsina e carboxipeptidase A em pHs e temperaturas específicos, adicionados ao soro conjuntamente e em separado, em diferentes tempos de hidrólise. A determinação quantitativa de proteínas, aminoácidos, lactose e gordura foram realizadas segundo os métodos Bradford (1976), cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, Miller (1959) e Gerber, respectivamente. A caracterização qualitativa das proteínas e produtos de hidrólise fez-se por eletroforese não-desnaturante (PAGE) e desnaturante (SDS-PAGE). Os ensaios de biodisponibilidade dos produtos de hidrólise foram realizados pelo método in vitro da dialisabilidade segundo metodologia descrita por Luten et al. 1996. Os resultados encontrados para o soro deslactosado e desengordurado foram 6,53g prot.L -1 , redução de 99% de lactose e < 0,10 % de gordura. Bandas protéicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Buffalo milk represents 12% of world production of milk, with high protein and fat content of the cow. The whey is the co-product of cheese industry that has been often discarded into the environment, causing great environmental impact due to its rich protein and lactose constitution. Enzymatic hydrolysis is an important technological advance to improve the physical, chemical and functional properties of these proteins. The objective of this research was to produce protein hydrolysates from whey proteins present in buffalo milk and to simulate the digestion in vitro by the method of dialyzability. The whey was dialyzed to remove lactose and small peptides and amino acids, and treated with kaolin for fat adsorption. The partial and total hydrolysates were obtained by the action of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A in specific pH and temperature, added to the whey together or separately at different times of hydrolysis. Quantitation of proteins, amino acids, lactose and fat were performed according to Bradford (1976), HPLC, Miller (1959) and Gerber respectively. The qualitative characterization of proteins and hydrolysis products was made by PAGE and SDS-PAGE. Tests of absorption of hydrolysis products were performed in vitro by dialyzability. The results for dialyzed and defatted whey was 6.53 g prot L -1 , reduction of 99% lactose and <0.10% fat. Protein bands... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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It has been well-established that Pseudomonas species possess extremely versatile metabolic systems allowing them to utilise a wide range of nutrient sources and, furthermore, that the regulation of these enzyme systems involves highly evolved and sophisticated regulatory machinery. This study examined the complexity of metabolic regulation in Pseudomonas using the hydantoin-hydrolysing system of the environmental isolate, Pseudomonas putida RU-KM3s. In this system, the genes encoding dihydropyrimidinase and β-ureidopropionase (dhp and bup) are arranged divergently on the chromosome, separated by a 616 bp intergenic region involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. The focus was on the transcriptional regulation of dhp expression. DHP activity was found to be sensitive to several environmental signals including growth phase, carbon catabolite repression (CCR), substrate induction and quorum sensing (QS). Bioinformatic analysis of the intergenic region upstream of dhp revealed a number of putative binding sites for transcriptional regulators, including recognition sequences for the alternate sigma factors σ54 and σ38, as well as for the global regulators Anr (for anaerobic regulator) and Vfr (for virulence factor regulator). The targeted disruption of the genes encoding the transcriptional regulators, Vfr and the major CCR protein, Crc, resulted in a partial relief from repression for the vfr- mutant under quorum sensing conditions and a general decrease in activity in the crc- mutant. This data suggested that both Vfr and Crc were involved in regulating DHP activity. Mutational analysis of the dhp promoter revealed that at least two sites were involved in regulating transcriptional activity, one which mediated activation and the other repression. These sites were designated as a putative Anr box, situated 232 bp from the start codon of dhp, and a CRP-like binding site, at a position 213 bp upstream of dhp. Taken together, this data shows the involvement of several global regulatory factors in controlling the expression of dhp. A complex synergistic model was proposed for the transcriptional regulation of dhp, involving alternate sigma factors in addition to both global and specific regulators and responding to a number of environmental signals associated with growth phase, including nutrient availability, cell density and oxygen status.

No description available.

In view of the unexpected behavior of α-(benzenesulfonyl)-acetophenone toward hydrolysis and because of the possible physiological importance of its derivatives it was deemed of interest to make a further study of the hydrolysis of this compound. It was decided to study both the acid and basic hydrolysis of this compound. The problem consisted of finding a satisfactory means of analyzing the hydrolysis products, and carrying out the hydrolysis under the different conditions.

Arundodonax (Giant reed Plant) contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and considered as a biomass resources for biofuels. Cellulose is a polymer of several d-glucose linked units coupled with beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. The lignin must be broken down to obtain cellulose.Brown and white rot fungusbreak down lignin through a fenton mechanism using hydroxyl radicals. Current work explores degradation of cellulose byisolating microbial communities followed by inoculating 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or arundodonax in nutrient media. The microbes demonstrate long-term viability using CMS or arundodonax the sole carbon source.Pretreatment with microbes result in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C using commercial cellulase over time. The simple dinitrosalicylic acid assay method quantifies glucose, the main product of enzymatic hydrolysis.

No description available.

Because of the nutritious value of sodium glutamate and its meat-like flavor, which is very pleasing to most people, and hence its demand if it were properly promoted, and because of the abundance of protein in accessible form for its manufacture, it is only reasonable to assume that if the optimum conditions of protein hydrolysis were found, the manufacturing could be made a highly successful enterprise. it was the purpose of this research to investigate the methods by which the hydrolysis of wheat glutes can do conveniently followed in order to determine the efficiency of reactions run under specific conditions.

No description available.

No description available.