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Comparison of Triple Combination Oral Sedation Regimens for Pediatric Dental TreatmentHenderson, Brett H 01 January 2019 (has links)
Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with midazolam triple regime (Mi+M+H). Treatment was successful for 45% of cases with midazolam and 70% with diazepam (P value=.20). Houpt sleep scores were significantly higher for diazepam than midazolam at injection (P-value=.0043) and during treatment (P-value=.0152). Although Frankl scores, Houpt move and Houpt cry scores tended to favor diazepam, none were statistically significantly different. More abnormal behavior was reported with midazolam, though not statistically significant (35% vs 6%, P-value=.0854). Postoperative sleep time was longer for midazolam, but not significantly different (median sleep time: 61 vs 45 minutes, P-value=.2071). Conclusion: The diazepam, meperidine, hydroxyzine triple combination sedation regimen shows promising results as a successful alternative to midazolam triple combination. Longer postoperative monitoring may be required with diazepam, but this study has shown postoperative sleep times to be less than previously reported. Larger sample size is needed to determine if the current trend will be maintained.
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Avaliação de fungos na biotransformação estereosseletiva da Hidroxizina e obtenção do metabólito quiral e ativo Cetirizina / Evaluation of fungi in the stereoselective biotransformation of hydroxyzine and obtention of the active and chiral metabolite cetirizine.Fortes, Simone Silveira 24 May 2013 (has links)
Modelos microbiológicos tem sido usado na biotransformação de fármacos para a obtenção de metabólitos. Fungos de diversos gêneros têm sido amplamente utilizados para mimetizar o metabolismo hepático de mamíferos. O uso de fungos é vantajoso uma vez que apresentam um crescimento rápido e de fácil formação do sistema multienzimático. Além disso, hoje, a biotransformação é considerada como uma tecnologia econômica e competitiva, na busca de novas rotas de produção farmacêutica e de compostos agrotóxicos. Em muitos casos a transformação biológica é enantiosseletiva, permitindo a produção de enantiômeros puros a partir de misturas racêmicas. Devido à ausência de um método de extração com baixo consumo de solventes orgânicos para a determinação enantiosseletiva da hidroxizina (HZ) e cetirizina (CTZ), foi desenvolvido um método que combina a microextração liquido-liquido dispersiva (DLLME) e eletroforese capilar (CE) para estudar a biotransformação enantiosseletiva da HZ pelos fungos Penicillium crustosum, Mucor rouxii, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 8688, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 10028, Nigrospora sphaerica e Fusarium oxysporum. Um método por CE foi desenvolvido para a análise enanatiosseletiva da hidroxizina e cetirizina em meio de cultura Czapek. As análises por CE foram realizadas utilizando um capilar de sílica fundida não revestida, 50 mmol L-1 de borato de sódio como solução tampão de análise (pH 9,0) contendo 0,8% p/v de ciclodextrina--sulfatada como seletor quiral. A tensão aplicada e temperatura foram de +6 kV e 15 ºC, respectivamente. O detector UV foi ajustado no comprimento de onda 214 nm. As condições da DLLME envolvidas foram: clorofórmio (300 µL) como solvente extrator, etanol (400 µL) como solvente dispersante. Após a formação da solução turva, as amostras foram submetidas a agitação por vórtex durante 30 segundos a 2000 rpm e centrifugação durante 5 minutos a 3000 rpm. As recuperações foram na faixa de 87,4 91,7%. O método se mostrou linear na faixa de concentração 250 12500 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero da HZ (r > 0.998) e de 125 6250 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero da CTZ (r > 0.998). Os limites de quantificação foram 125 e 250 ng mL-1 para CTZ e HZ, respectivamente. Dentre os seis fungos estudados, três foram capazes de converter a HZ em CTZ enantiosseletivamente, especialmente o fungo Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028 que converteu 19% de (E1)-HZ em (S)-CTZ com excesso enantiomérico de 65%. / Microbial models have been used in biotransformation studies of many drugs aiming their metabolite production. Fungi of various genera have been extensively used to mimic the mammals hepatic metabolism. The use of fungi is advantageous because they present fast growth and easy formation of the multienzymatic system. Moreover, the biotransformation is, nowadays, considered an economically and competitive technology, in the search of new production routes for fine chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. In many cases, the biological transformation is enantioselective, allowing the production of pure enantiomers from racemic mixtures. In light of the above considerations and due to the absence of a low consuming organic solvent extraction method for the enantioselective determination of hydroxyzine (HZ) and cetirizine (CTZ), it was developed a method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) to study the enantioselective biotransformation of HZ through the fungi Penicillium crustosum, Mucor rouxii, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 8688, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 10028, Nigrospora sphaerica e Fusarium oxysporum. A CE method was developed for the enantioselective analysis of hydroxyzine (HZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) in Czapek liquid culture medium. The CE analyses were performed using an uncoated fused-silica capillary and 50 mmol/L sodium borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 0.8% (w/v) sulfated--cyclodextrin. The applied voltage and temperature used were +6 kV and 15 °C, respectively. The UV detector was set at 214 nm. The DLLME conditions involved: chloroform (300 µL) as extraction solvent and ethanol (400 µL) as dispersive solvent. After the formation of the cloudy solution, the samples were subjected to vortex agitation during 30 s at 2000 rpm and centrifugation for 5 min at 3000 rpm. The recoveries were in the range of 87.4 91.7%. The method was linear over the concentration range of 250 12500 ng/mL for each enantiomer of HZ (r > 0.998) and of 125 6250 ng/mL for each enantiomer of CTZ (r > 0.998). The quantification limits were 125 and 250 ng/mL for CTZ and HZ, respectively. Among the six studied fungi three were able to convert HZ to CTZ enantioselectively, especially the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028B that converted 19% of (E1)-HZ to (S)-CTZ with an enantiomeric excess of 65%.
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The effects of nitrous oxide during pediatric dental sedation with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate and hydroxyzine pamoatePilipowicz, Orest. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-122).
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Avaliação de fungos na biotransformação estereosseletiva da Hidroxizina e obtenção do metabólito quiral e ativo Cetirizina / Evaluation of fungi in the stereoselective biotransformation of hydroxyzine and obtention of the active and chiral metabolite cetirizine.Simone Silveira Fortes 24 May 2013 (has links)
Modelos microbiológicos tem sido usado na biotransformação de fármacos para a obtenção de metabólitos. Fungos de diversos gêneros têm sido amplamente utilizados para mimetizar o metabolismo hepático de mamíferos. O uso de fungos é vantajoso uma vez que apresentam um crescimento rápido e de fácil formação do sistema multienzimático. Além disso, hoje, a biotransformação é considerada como uma tecnologia econômica e competitiva, na busca de novas rotas de produção farmacêutica e de compostos agrotóxicos. Em muitos casos a transformação biológica é enantiosseletiva, permitindo a produção de enantiômeros puros a partir de misturas racêmicas. Devido à ausência de um método de extração com baixo consumo de solventes orgânicos para a determinação enantiosseletiva da hidroxizina (HZ) e cetirizina (CTZ), foi desenvolvido um método que combina a microextração liquido-liquido dispersiva (DLLME) e eletroforese capilar (CE) para estudar a biotransformação enantiosseletiva da HZ pelos fungos Penicillium crustosum, Mucor rouxii, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 8688, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 10028, Nigrospora sphaerica e Fusarium oxysporum. Um método por CE foi desenvolvido para a análise enanatiosseletiva da hidroxizina e cetirizina em meio de cultura Czapek. As análises por CE foram realizadas utilizando um capilar de sílica fundida não revestida, 50 mmol L-1 de borato de sódio como solução tampão de análise (pH 9,0) contendo 0,8% p/v de ciclodextrina--sulfatada como seletor quiral. A tensão aplicada e temperatura foram de +6 kV e 15 ºC, respectivamente. O detector UV foi ajustado no comprimento de onda 214 nm. As condições da DLLME envolvidas foram: clorofórmio (300 µL) como solvente extrator, etanol (400 µL) como solvente dispersante. Após a formação da solução turva, as amostras foram submetidas a agitação por vórtex durante 30 segundos a 2000 rpm e centrifugação durante 5 minutos a 3000 rpm. As recuperações foram na faixa de 87,4 91,7%. O método se mostrou linear na faixa de concentração 250 12500 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero da HZ (r > 0.998) e de 125 6250 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero da CTZ (r > 0.998). Os limites de quantificação foram 125 e 250 ng mL-1 para CTZ e HZ, respectivamente. Dentre os seis fungos estudados, três foram capazes de converter a HZ em CTZ enantiosseletivamente, especialmente o fungo Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028 que converteu 19% de (E1)-HZ em (S)-CTZ com excesso enantiomérico de 65%. / Microbial models have been used in biotransformation studies of many drugs aiming their metabolite production. Fungi of various genera have been extensively used to mimic the mammals hepatic metabolism. The use of fungi is advantageous because they present fast growth and easy formation of the multienzymatic system. Moreover, the biotransformation is, nowadays, considered an economically and competitive technology, in the search of new production routes for fine chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. In many cases, the biological transformation is enantioselective, allowing the production of pure enantiomers from racemic mixtures. In light of the above considerations and due to the absence of a low consuming organic solvent extraction method for the enantioselective determination of hydroxyzine (HZ) and cetirizine (CTZ), it was developed a method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) to study the enantioselective biotransformation of HZ through the fungi Penicillium crustosum, Mucor rouxii, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 8688, Cunnonghamella echinulata var. elegans ATCC 10028, Nigrospora sphaerica e Fusarium oxysporum. A CE method was developed for the enantioselective analysis of hydroxyzine (HZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) in Czapek liquid culture medium. The CE analyses were performed using an uncoated fused-silica capillary and 50 mmol/L sodium borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 0.8% (w/v) sulfated--cyclodextrin. The applied voltage and temperature used were +6 kV and 15 °C, respectively. The UV detector was set at 214 nm. The DLLME conditions involved: chloroform (300 µL) as extraction solvent and ethanol (400 µL) as dispersive solvent. After the formation of the cloudy solution, the samples were subjected to vortex agitation during 30 s at 2000 rpm and centrifugation for 5 min at 3000 rpm. The recoveries were in the range of 87.4 91.7%. The method was linear over the concentration range of 250 12500 ng/mL for each enantiomer of HZ (r > 0.998) and of 125 6250 ng/mL for each enantiomer of CTZ (r > 0.998). The quantification limits were 125 and 250 ng/mL for CTZ and HZ, respectively. Among the six studied fungi three were able to convert HZ to CTZ enantioselectively, especially the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028B that converted 19% of (E1)-HZ to (S)-CTZ with an enantiomeric excess of 65%.
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A Preliminary Study of the Interaction of Acidic and Basic Drugs Using Ethyl Cellulose MicrospheresWalker, Heather M. January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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