Reported experiences were compared for subjects undergoing a traditional style of hypnosis, a cognitive behavioral style of hypnosis, and a "waking imagination" procedure similar to hypnosis but explicitly labeled "non- hypnotic." Experiences of subjects within these three treatment conditions were also compared with the experiences subjects believed prior to treatment they would be most likely to have during a hypnotic session. No significant experiential differences appeared with regard to spatial, temporal, and personal disorientation; a sense of dissimilarity to ordinary experience; or obliviousness to extraneous thoughts or stimuli. Compared to subjects in the non-hypnotic procedure, subjects in the two hypnotic conditions reported more strong and positive feelings regarding the experience and a greater perceived inability to resist the experience. The only significant difference between cognitive behavioral and traditional subjects was the stronger belief of cognitive behavioral subjects that they were consciously directing and causing their hypnotic experience. Even though reported experiences differed somewhat for the different procedures, correlations of reported experiences with responsiveness (or ''hypnotic susceptibility") were similar for the three procedures, with no apparent interaction effects for procedure with responsiveness on experience. In the two hypnotic conditions the experience of hypnosis was seen as more difficult to resist than subjects expected prior to treatment, but also less mysterious than expected. These findings overall indicate that experiential self-report is a useful method of gauging similarities and differences between different styles of hypnosis, quasi- hypnotic procedures, and expectations regarding hypnotic experience. Other theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. / This thesis was digitized as part of a project begun in 2014 to increase the number of Duke psychology theses available online. The digitization project was spearheaded by Ciara Healy.

Master of Dental Surgery / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

Master of Dental Surgery / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypnotic suggestions could influence the physiological mechanisms associated with breast growth to produce a significant increase in breast- size in an adult female population.

The recent finding of memory enhancement using either cognitive mnemonic or standard hypnotic interviews (Geiselman et al., 1985) suggests the possibility of additive forensic utility when these methods are combined. The present crime-analogue study compared waking and hypnotic cognitive mnemonics to investigate this and potential problems previously unaddressed. Recall and recognition accuracy and confidence were measured for low and high density stimuli in a videotaped murder, including central, peripheral, and facial detail. The effect of misleading information given after stimulus presentation was also examined.

This thesis investigated hypnotic reading disruptions to identify parameters of hypnosis that may influence reading and to inform the broader issue of whether hypnotic suggestions impact phenomenal experience versus perceptual-cognitive processing. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature and identifies core issues addressed by this program. Chapter 2 presents two experiments and two case studies, which focused on establishing a paradigm for investigating hypnotic reading disruptions; in particular, modulation of the Stroop effect. Findings indicated that disruptions of reading experience and/or reading processing may be influenced by the complexity of the suggestion and the natural response strategies of individuals. Chapter 3 presents two experiments that examined the influence of test time and test demands, and explored the experiential factors underlying response to different suggestions. Findings indicated that both hypnotic and posthypnotic suggestions produced disruptions of reading experience but not reading processing. Also, individuals?? experiences and cognitive strategies varied depending on the suggestion they received. Chapter 4 presents two experiments that compared the impact of three suggestions on reading experience and reading processing. Findings indicated that highs were more likely to achieve disruptions of reading experience in response to a suggestion compatible with their natural strategies. Notably, some highs altered their reading processing and hypnotically modulated Stroop interference. Other highs and lows modified their reading processing, but independent of hypnosis, hypnotisability and a suggestion. Chapter 5 presents one experiment that examined the time course of hypnotic reading disruptions and the influence of test context. Findings indicated that highs could maintain disruptions of reading experience over time. They also modified their reading processing independent of hypnosis and a suggestion. Chapter 6 presents one experiment that examined implicit perception, and the impact of hypnosis and hypnotisability. Findings indicated that highs were influenced by information from reading processing despite their experiences of disrupted reading. Chapter 7 interprets the findings of this program within a proposed model of hypnotic disruptions of reading and Stroop performance. This model differentiates between the mechanisms that may underlie reading experiences, the mechanisms that may underlie reading processing and their interaction, and highlights the value of hypnotic models of cognitive processes.

This thesis investigated hypnotic reading disruptions to identify parameters of hypnosis that may influence reading and to inform the broader issue of whether hypnotic suggestions impact phenomenal experience versus perceptual-cognitive processing. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature and identifies core issues addressed by this program. Chapter 2 presents two experiments and two case studies, which focused on establishing a paradigm for investigating hypnotic reading disruptions; in particular, modulation of the Stroop effect. Findings indicated that disruptions of reading experience and/or reading processing may be influenced by the complexity of the suggestion and the natural response strategies of individuals. Chapter 3 presents two experiments that examined the influence of test time and test demands, and explored the experiential factors underlying response to different suggestions. Findings indicated that both hypnotic and posthypnotic suggestions produced disruptions of reading experience but not reading processing. Also, individuals?? experiences and cognitive strategies varied depending on the suggestion they received. Chapter 4 presents two experiments that compared the impact of three suggestions on reading experience and reading processing. Findings indicated that highs were more likely to achieve disruptions of reading experience in response to a suggestion compatible with their natural strategies. Notably, some highs altered their reading processing and hypnotically modulated Stroop interference. Other highs and lows modified their reading processing, but independent of hypnosis, hypnotisability and a suggestion. Chapter 5 presents one experiment that examined the time course of hypnotic reading disruptions and the influence of test context. Findings indicated that highs could maintain disruptions of reading experience over time. They also modified their reading processing independent of hypnosis and a suggestion. Chapter 6 presents one experiment that examined implicit perception, and the impact of hypnosis and hypnotisability. Findings indicated that highs were influenced by information from reading processing despite their experiences of disrupted reading. Chapter 7 interprets the findings of this program within a proposed model of hypnotic disruptions of reading and Stroop performance. This model differentiates between the mechanisms that may underlie reading experiences, the mechanisms that may underlie reading processing and their interaction, and highlights the value of hypnotic models of cognitive processes.

Case studies (p. [119]-191) prepared by the authors with the collaboration of R. P. Knight and K. A. Menninger, reprinted from various periodicals; "An experimental study" (p. [193]-253) abstracted from Margaret Brenman's thesis (PH. D.) Univ. of Kansas, 1942. / Originally published, without appendices, in 1944 as v. 2, no. 3 of Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, Review series. Bibliography: p. 255-271.

Case studies (p. [119]-191) prepared by the authors with the collaboration of R. P. Knight and K. A. Menninger, reprinted from various periodicals; "An experimental study" (p. [193]-253) abstracted from Margaret Brenman's thesis (PH. D.) Univ. of Kansas, 1942. / Originally published, without appendices, in 1944 as v. 2, no. 3 of Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, Review series. Bibliography: p. 255-271.

The increased intensity of modern life and the experiences in combat situations has brought on enormous stress and has led many individuals to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hypnosis is one of the treatment methods available to professionals and has been proven to provide fast, reliable results in multiple studies. Despite these results, the lack of understanding of the physiological effects of hypnosis on the brain has prevented its use as a common treatment method for PTSD. By examining the differences between the effectiveness of hypnosis in military and civilian populations, the aim of this meta-analysis was to isolate the ideal personal characteristics and causes of the trauma that make hypnosis an effective treatment. The first 2 research questions compared the mean effect sizes and their ranges between the 2 populations and extracted the personality characteristics that would make treatment of PTSD by hypnosis successful based on the comparison itself and analysis of the populations from the currently available research and the biases in the studies. The final research question was aimed at comparing the success of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in combination with hypnosis and the duration of the treatment method. The analyses based on the quantitative results led to the conclusion that military personnel experience a higher successful rate of treatment for PTSD through hypnotherapy combined with CBT. This suggests that hypnotherapy can be recommended for individuals who have respect toward authority and schedules. The provided guidelines were intended to increase the popularity of hypnosis, and if implemented, will produce positive social change because more people will be able to find faster, more reliable relief from PTSD, improving not only the patient's quality of life but also the quality of life of those around him.