Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Mark R. Prausnitz. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193).

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Dr. Jonathan S. Colton; Committee Member: Dr. Mark R. Prausnitz; Committee Member: Dr. Rudolph L. Gleason. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1958.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1958.

Orientador: Aparecido Carlos Gonçalves / Resumo: O medo da dor relacionada à injeção é um empecilho à terapia de injetáveis. As injeções hipodérmicas são motivos de grande ansiedade e de reduzida adesão à aplicação subcutânea de insulina para o controle glicêmico em diabéticos ou no tratamento da esclerose múltipla, aumentando o risco de complicações e mortalidade. Neste trabalho foi analisado como algumas das características da agulha podem influenciar a sensação de dor na injeção. Mediu-se o esforço de penetração de agulhas em um tecido artificial (modelo substituto da pele), para diferentes diâmetros de cânula, rugosidade, profundidade de penetração, lubrificação e ângulos do bisel da ponta perfurante. Este estudo visou encontrar alternativas para facilitar a aplicação e a autoaplicação de injeções hipodérmicas, aumentando a segurança e conforto, diminuindo a intensidade da dor percebida pelo paciente. Para isso, analisou-se no projetor de perfil e no MEV o bisel de agulhas usadas repetidas vezes para verificar a perda do perfil ou a formação de rebarbas que possam dificultar a penetração ou traumatizar o tecido durante o reuso de agulhas. Também foi analisado sob o ponto de vista mecânico, o que pode ser feito para prevenir que as agulhas usadas na aplicação subcutânea não atinjam inadvertidamente o músculo. O maior esforço de penetração observado nas agulhas com maior ângulo do bisel é responsável pela percepção de dor do paciente. / Mestre

Submitted by SIDNEI CAVASSANA null (sidnei5333@gmail.com) on 2017-09-16T17:06:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Sidnei versão Final.pdf: 4006618 bytes, checksum: 3e1f03fc6f46516ae312a5bc3c98f9bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T18:25:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cavassana_s_me_ilha.pdf: 4006618 bytes, checksum: 3e1f03fc6f46516ae312a5bc3c98f9bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T18:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cavassana_s_me_ilha.pdf: 4006618 bytes, checksum: 3e1f03fc6f46516ae312a5bc3c98f9bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / O medo da dor relacionada à injeção é um empecilho à terapia de injetáveis. As injeções hipodérmicas são motivos de grande ansiedade e de reduzida adesão à aplicação subcutânea de insulina para o controle glicêmico em diabéticos ou no tratamento da esclerose múltipla, aumentando o risco de complicações e mortalidade. Neste trabalho foi analisado como algumas das características da agulha podem influenciar a sensação de dor na injeção. Mediu-se o esforço de penetração de agulhas em um tecido artificial (modelo substituto da pele), para diferentes diâmetros de cânula, rugosidade, profundidade de penetração, lubrificação e ângulos do bisel da ponta perfurante. Este estudo visou encontrar alternativas para facilitar a aplicação e a autoaplicação de injeções hipodérmicas, aumentando a segurança e conforto, diminuindo a intensidade da dor percebida pelo paciente. Para isso, analisou-se no projetor de perfil e no MEV o bisel de agulhas usadas repetidas vezes para verificar a perda do perfil ou a formação de rebarbas que possam dificultar a penetração ou traumatizar o tecido durante o reuso de agulhas. Também foi analisado sob o ponto de vista mecânico, o que pode ser feito para prevenir que as agulhas usadas na aplicação subcutânea não atinjam inadvertidamente o músculo. O maior esforço de penetração observado nas agulhas com maior ângulo do bisel é responsável pela percepção de dor do paciente. / Fear of injection-related pain is a drawback to injectable therapy. Hypodermic injections are a cause for great anxiety and reduced adherence to the subcutaneous application of insulin for glycemic control in diabetics or in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, increasing the risk of complications and mortality. In this work, it was analyzed how some of the characteristics of the needle can influence the sensation of pain in the injection. The needle penetration effort was measured in an artificial tissue (substitute skin model) for different cannula diameters, roughness, depth of penetration, lubrication and angles of the perforating tip bevel. This study aimed to find alternatives to facilitate the application and self-application of hypodermic injections, increasing safety and comfort, reducing the pain intensity perceived by the patient. To do this, the bevel of needles used repeatedly was analyzed in the profile projector and SEM to verify the loss of the profile or the formation of burrs that could hamper the penetration or traumatize the tissue during the reuse of needles. It has also been mechanically analyzed, which can be done to prevent that the needles used in the subcutaneous application do not inadvertently reach the muscle. The greater penetration effort observed in the needles with greater angle of the bevel is responsible for the patient's perception of pain.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. 88 leaves. / Myofascial pain syndrome is the second most common reason patients seek the help of health care workers. It costs billions of dollars each year in lost revenue due to loss of productivity and other costs. The treatment of myofascial pain syndrome has been extensively researched and it appears that dry needling and medicinal injections of trigger points are some of the most effective modalities. However, an unwanted side effect common to both these therapies is post-needling soreness. Despite being mentioned in passing by many authors, very little detail is available regarding post-needling soreness. It is unclear whether post-needling soreness arises from the trigger point itself, or whether the tissue damage caused by the needle insertion is responsible. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating whether dry needling muscle tissue in asymptomatic subjects (i.e. subjects not suffering from myofascial pain syndrome) resulted in post-needling soreness. Two different dry needling techniques were also compared with a placebo group in order to determine which technique resulted in the least post-needling soreness. This study was designed as a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled experimental investigation. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group one received the single needle insertion technique and the second group received the fanning dry needling technique. The last group formed the control group and the subjects were treated using the Park Sham Device (placebo needles). All the subjects were between the ages of 18 and 50 and were required to be asymptomatic in the low back region.

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / Myofascial pain syndrome is the second most common reason patients seek the help of health care workers. It costs billions of dollars each year in lost revenue due to loss of productivity and other costs. The treatment of myofascial pain syndrome has been extensively researched and it appears that dry needling and medicinal injections of trigger points are some of the most effective modalities. However, an unwanted side effect common to both these therapies is post-needling soreness. Despite being mentioned in passing by many authors, very little detail is available regarding post-needling soreness. It is unclear whether post-needling soreness arises from the trigger point itself, or whether the tissue damage caused by the needle insertion is responsible. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating whether dry needling muscle tissue in asymptomatic subjects (i.e. subjects not suffering from myofascial pain syndrome) resulted in post-needling soreness. Two different dry needling techniques were also compared with a placebo group in order to determine which technique resulted in the least post-needling soreness. This study was designed as a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled experimental investigation. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group one received the single needle insertion technique and the second group received the fanning dry needling technique. The last group formed the control group and the subjects were treated using the Park Sham Device (placebo needles). All the subjects were between the ages of 18 and 50 and were required to be asymptomatic in the low back region. / M

Traditional methods of drug delivery to the eye include topical application, intraocular injection and systemic administration; however, each method has its limitation to efficiently delivery drugs to the back of the eye. In this study, microneedles were tested to provide targeted drug delivery into the eye in a minimally invasive way. To better interpret subsequent microneedle studies, we first quantified lateral drug diffusion profile within the sclera, by carrying out a diffusion study of a model compound, sulforhodamine, through human cadaver sclera, and developing a theoretical model for prediction of drug delivery kinetics and distribution. The results showed that measurable amounts of sulforhodamine were detected at distances of 5 and 10 mm from the sulforhodamine donor reservoir at 4 h and 3 days, respectively. The effective lateral diffusivity of sulforhodamine was determined to be 3.82 x 10-6 cm2/s, which is similar in magnitude to the transverse diffusivity. We next assessed the capability of using coated solid metal microneedles to deliver drugs into the ocular tissue in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. The in vitro insertion tests showed that these microneedles were mechanically strong enough to penetrate into human cadaver sclera, and the coating solution rapidly dissolved off the needles after insertion and had been deposited within the tissue. In the in vivo experiments, microneedle delivery exhibited elevated fluorescein levels in the rabbit eye 60 times greater than that delivered by topical application of the equivalent dose. Similarly, microneedle delivery of pilocarpine caused rapid and extensive pupil constriction. Safety exams reported no inflammatory responses in the eye after microneedle administrations. We also used hollow glass microneedles to infuse solutions into the sclera tissue in vitro and examined the physiological barriers for flow. On average, 18 microliters of sulforhodamine solution and a solution containing nanoparticles was delivered into the sclera upon retraction of the microneedle. Successful delivery of micron-sized particles into the sclera could be improved by breaking down tightly packed collagen and GAG fibers using either collagenase or hyaluronidase.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references ([399]-463). Also available via the World Wide Web.