Sistemas de automação para monitoramento e controle de subestações de energia elétrica têm passado por uma constante evolução motivada por diversos fatores como o advento de novas tecnologias, a maior complexidade dos sistemas elétricos, o aumento de demandas de energia, bem como as reduções de custo necessárias para se obter uma maior competitividade das empresas do setor. Melhorias significantes nesses aspectos são obtidas através da implementação da norma IEC 61850. Tal norma proporciona, como vantagem principal, a interoperabilidade entre dispositivos de diversos fabricantes. Entretanto, ainda há uma lacuna no que diz respeito ao uso de sistemas de comunicação sem fio, pois a norma atual não contempla tal opção. O uso de redes sem fio pode trazer uma série de benefícios ainda não explorados, como prover baixos custo de manutenção e instalação. Esse trabalho propõe uma solução para a integração de sistemas de comunicação sem fio com a norma IEC 61850, atendendo aos requisitos de subestações de energia, tais como, confiabilidade e segurança. / Automation systems for power substations monitoring and control have been constantly evolving due to different factors like the advent of new technologies, higher complexity in the power system, high energy demands, as well as cost reductions required by the companies in the sector in order to remain competitive. Significant improvements can be achieved in these aspects through the implementation of IEC 61850 standard, whose main advantage lies in the interoperability between the different devices. However, there is still a gap in the use of wireless communication systems. The current standard does not adopt wireless communication options which would bring the benefits of low maintenance and installation costs. This work proposes a solution for the integration of wireless communication technologies within the standard IEC 61850 attending the requirements of the power substations, such as reliability and security even in real-time applications.

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Electricity substation monitoring and control systems have evolved over the years from simple systems capable of achieving minimalistic functions to autonomous, self-healing smart grid schemes (Farhangi, 2010). The migration of technology to networked smart grid systems was driven by the need for standardisation of communication networks, system configuration and also the reduction of system implementation costs and engineering time. Before the introduction of a uniform communication standard, legacy (non-standardised) communication protocols, for example, the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) were used by Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) for information exchange (Luwaca, 2014). These communication protocols could not provide a standard naming convention or data semantics since the data/information was accessed using an address-based system. The implementation of automation systems based on legacy protocols and RTUs was expensive because of parallel copper wiring required to connect instrument transformers and circuit breakers to multiple RTUs for protection and monitoring functions (Iloh et al., 2014). Legacy systems refer to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems implemented using RTUs and legacy communication protocols. Legacy systems tended to be vendor specific because devices from different vendors did not support the same communication protocol. These issues led to the introduction of the IEC 61850 standard. The IEC 61850 standard for “communication networks and systems in a substation” provides standardised naming convention, data semantics, standardised device configuration and also device interoperability and interchangeability in some instances. The IEC 61850 standard provides a solution to expensive parallel copper wiring and standardisation issues experienced with legacy protocols. In as much as the introduction of the IEC 61850 standard addresses problems experienced with legacy system there is still a need to provide inexpensive access to IEC 61850-compliant devices and effective knowledge transfer to facilitate implementation of automation systems based on this standard. The development of an IEC 61850-compliant device requires a specialised skillset and financial investment for research and industrialisation therefore only a few vendors manufacture these devices resulting in an increase in production and manufacturing costs. For this reason this research project develops VHDL modules for mapping IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Value (SV) messages and IEC 61850-8-1 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. Sampled values are used for transmitting current and voltage transformer (CT and VT) measurements to protection devices while GOOSE messages exchange information/commands between primary equipment (CT, VT and circuit breaker) and protection devices over an Ethernet network known as the process bus.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-15T13:47:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JonathaRevoredoLeiteDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6647169 bytes, checksum: 89682e384a5fef047471acede0d629b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-20T21:24:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JonathaRevoredoLeiteDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6647169 bytes, checksum: 89682e384a5fef047471acede0d629b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T21:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JonathaRevoredoLeiteDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 6647169 bytes, checksum: 89682e384a5fef047471acede0d629b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma Smart Grid composta por duas subesta??es para a implanta??o da t?cnica de self healing utilizando o Simulador Digital em Tempo Real (RTDS ? Real Time Digital Simulator) e rel?s de prote??o IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) com comunica??o atrav?s da padr?o IEC 61850 entre eles. Nas redes el?tricas de distribui??o, t?cnicas de recomposi??o autom?tica (self healing) podem ser usadas com o intuito de diminuir os tempos com a perda do fornecimento de energia el?trica aos consumidores ocasionado por curto-circuito, diminuindo assim os preju?zos aos consumidores e em decorr?ncia de multas. A metodologia aplicada ? baseada na modelagem do circuito proposto no RTDS, que ? monitorado em tempo real. S?o simulados v?rios tipos de curtos-circuitos em diferentes pontos do sistema e, na ocorr?ncia de cada falta gerada, o programa desenvolvido analisa os dados do sistema pr? e p?s falta, isolando o trecho do circuito afetado e ir? reconfigurar automaticamente a rede de forma a restabelecer o fornecimento de energia para as cargas afetadas. A escolha do arranjo final da rede, ap?s o processo de reconfigura??o autom?tica, ser? baseada em um processo de otimiza??o intitulado Reconfigura??o por Soma de Pot?ncias ? RSP. A comunica??o entre o RTDS e os IEDs (que fazem a prote??o de parte do sistema) utiliza o padr?o IEC 61850 com troca de mensagens GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) aplicando os aspectos relevantes desse padr?o. / This work aims to propose a Smart Grid composed of two substations for the implementation of the self healing technique using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and IED (Intelligent Electronic Devices) protection relays with communication through standard IEC 61850 between them. In distribution networks, self healing techniques can be used in order to reduce the times with the loss of electricity supply to consumers caused by a short circuit, thus reducing the losses to consumers and due to fines. The methodology applied is based on the proposed circuit modeling in the RTDS, which is monitored in real time. Several types of short circuits are simulated at different points in the system and, in each fault generated, the program developed analyze the pre and post fault system data, isolating the section affected and automatically reconfiguring the circuit to restore the power supply to the affected loads. The choice of the final network arrangement, after the automatic reconfiguration process, is based on an optimization process called Reconfiguration by Power Addition - RPA .Communication between RTDS and IEDs (which protect part of the system) use the IEC 61850 standard with GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) message exchange applying the relevant aspects of this standard.

Este trabalho consiste na proposição de uma metodologia que garanta o projeto efetivo de controladores para utilização em sistemas de proteção, operação e supervisão de sistemas APM (Automated People Movers), utilizando como estudo de caso o Sistema Aeromovel. Automated People Movers (APM) são sistemas de transporte de passageiros com operação completamente automatizada (sem tripulação), trafegando em vias exclusivas e com alta frequência de serviço. Geralmente são operados em via elevada, acima dos obstáculos encontrados no nível do solo, de maneira a manter o espaço urbano de circulação. A automação completa de trens para transporte de passageiros é geralmente condição essencial para sua viabilidade financeira nos casos onde tem-se veículos pequenos para prover alta frequência de serviço. Em parte, a confiabilidade de um veículo com operação completamente automatizada aumenta com o uso de vias exclusivas impedindo a interferência de outros veículos ou pessoas na via, porém, uma metodologia de desenvolvimento do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão que diminua a taxa de falhas e suas consequências é necessária por tratar-se de um sistema crítico. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão das soluções utilizadas na construção de Sistemas APM e daquelas adotadas no controle digital de sistemas automáticos. Descreve-se o processo de construção do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão baseados na proposta de ampliação da norma IEC 61850 e prova-se a importância do uso do processo de simulação, verificação formal e os testes de conformidade no desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle seguro para aplicação em Sistemas APM. Para cada etapa do trabalho são apresentados os testes de conformidade para verificação do modelo de controle proposto. / This work consists in the proposition of a methodology that guarantees the effective design of controllers for use in protection, operation and monitoring Automated People Movers System, using as a case study Aeromovel system. Automated People Mover (APM) are systems of passenger transport with entirely automated operation (without crew), traveling in exclusive ways and with high service frequency. They are usually operated at elevated highway above the obstacles encountered on the ground level, so as to keep the urban space circulation. The complete automation of trains for passenger condition is necessary for their economic viability in the cases where they have small vehicles to supply high frequency of service. The reliability of an fully automated vehicle operation increases with the use of exclusive right-of-way preventing access from other vehicles or people on the track, however, the development of a methodology for protection, operation and monitoring systems is necessary to decrease the rate of failures and their consequences. This work presents a review of the solutions used in the construction of APM systems and the digital control of automated systems. We describe the construction process of the protection, operation and supervision systems based on the proposed extension of IEC 61850 and proves the importance use of the simulation, formal verification and conformity tests to develop a safe control system. For each stage of the work, the compliance tests to verify the proposed control model are presented.

Sistemas de automação para monitoramento e controle de subestações de energia elétrica têm passado por uma constante evolução motivada por diversos fatores como o advento de novas tecnologias, a maior complexidade dos sistemas elétricos, o aumento de demandas de energia, bem como as reduções de custo necessárias para se obter uma maior competitividade das empresas do setor. Melhorias significantes nesses aspectos são obtidas através da implementação da norma IEC 61850. Tal norma proporciona, como vantagem principal, a interoperabilidade entre dispositivos de diversos fabricantes. Entretanto, ainda há uma lacuna no que diz respeito ao uso de sistemas de comunicação sem fio, pois a norma atual não contempla tal opção. O uso de redes sem fio pode trazer uma série de benefícios ainda não explorados, como prover baixos custo de manutenção e instalação. Esse trabalho propõe uma solução para a integração de sistemas de comunicação sem fio com a norma IEC 61850, atendendo aos requisitos de subestações de energia, tais como, confiabilidade e segurança. / Automation systems for power substations monitoring and control have been constantly evolving due to different factors like the advent of new technologies, higher complexity in the power system, high energy demands, as well as cost reductions required by the companies in the sector in order to remain competitive. Significant improvements can be achieved in these aspects through the implementation of IEC 61850 standard, whose main advantage lies in the interoperability between the different devices. However, there is still a gap in the use of wireless communication systems. The current standard does not adopt wireless communication options which would bring the benefits of low maintenance and installation costs. This work proposes a solution for the integration of wireless communication technologies within the standard IEC 61850 attending the requirements of the power substations, such as reliability and security even in real-time applications.

Este trabalho consiste na proposição de uma metodologia que garanta o projeto efetivo de controladores para utilização em sistemas de proteção, operação e supervisão de sistemas APM (Automated People Movers), utilizando como estudo de caso o Sistema Aeromovel. Automated People Movers (APM) são sistemas de transporte de passageiros com operação completamente automatizada (sem tripulação), trafegando em vias exclusivas e com alta frequência de serviço. Geralmente são operados em via elevada, acima dos obstáculos encontrados no nível do solo, de maneira a manter o espaço urbano de circulação. A automação completa de trens para transporte de passageiros é geralmente condição essencial para sua viabilidade financeira nos casos onde tem-se veículos pequenos para prover alta frequência de serviço. Em parte, a confiabilidade de um veículo com operação completamente automatizada aumenta com o uso de vias exclusivas impedindo a interferência de outros veículos ou pessoas na via, porém, uma metodologia de desenvolvimento do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão que diminua a taxa de falhas e suas consequências é necessária por tratar-se de um sistema crítico. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão das soluções utilizadas na construção de Sistemas APM e daquelas adotadas no controle digital de sistemas automáticos. Descreve-se o processo de construção do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão baseados na proposta de ampliação da norma IEC 61850 e prova-se a importância do uso do processo de simulação, verificação formal e os testes de conformidade no desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle seguro para aplicação em Sistemas APM. Para cada etapa do trabalho são apresentados os testes de conformidade para verificação do modelo de controle proposto. / This work consists in the proposition of a methodology that guarantees the effective design of controllers for use in protection, operation and monitoring Automated People Movers System, using as a case study Aeromovel system. Automated People Mover (APM) are systems of passenger transport with entirely automated operation (without crew), traveling in exclusive ways and with high service frequency. They are usually operated at elevated highway above the obstacles encountered on the ground level, so as to keep the urban space circulation. The complete automation of trains for passenger condition is necessary for their economic viability in the cases where they have small vehicles to supply high frequency of service. The reliability of an fully automated vehicle operation increases with the use of exclusive right-of-way preventing access from other vehicles or people on the track, however, the development of a methodology for protection, operation and monitoring systems is necessary to decrease the rate of failures and their consequences. This work presents a review of the solutions used in the construction of APM systems and the digital control of automated systems. We describe the construction process of the protection, operation and supervision systems based on the proposed extension of IEC 61850 and proves the importance use of the simulation, formal verification and conformity tests to develop a safe control system. For each stage of the work, the compliance tests to verify the proposed control model are presented.

Sistemas de automação para monitoramento e controle de subestações de energia elétrica têm passado por uma constante evolução motivada por diversos fatores como o advento de novas tecnologias, a maior complexidade dos sistemas elétricos, o aumento de demandas de energia, bem como as reduções de custo necessárias para se obter uma maior competitividade das empresas do setor. Melhorias significantes nesses aspectos são obtidas através da implementação da norma IEC 61850. Tal norma proporciona, como vantagem principal, a interoperabilidade entre dispositivos de diversos fabricantes. Entretanto, ainda há uma lacuna no que diz respeito ao uso de sistemas de comunicação sem fio, pois a norma atual não contempla tal opção. O uso de redes sem fio pode trazer uma série de benefícios ainda não explorados, como prover baixos custo de manutenção e instalação. Esse trabalho propõe uma solução para a integração de sistemas de comunicação sem fio com a norma IEC 61850, atendendo aos requisitos de subestações de energia, tais como, confiabilidade e segurança. / Automation systems for power substations monitoring and control have been constantly evolving due to different factors like the advent of new technologies, higher complexity in the power system, high energy demands, as well as cost reductions required by the companies in the sector in order to remain competitive. Significant improvements can be achieved in these aspects through the implementation of IEC 61850 standard, whose main advantage lies in the interoperability between the different devices. However, there is still a gap in the use of wireless communication systems. The current standard does not adopt wireless communication options which would bring the benefits of low maintenance and installation costs. This work proposes a solution for the integration of wireless communication technologies within the standard IEC 61850 attending the requirements of the power substations, such as reliability and security even in real-time applications.

This thesis is focused on IEC 61850 communication protocols SMV, GOOSE and MMS and their implementation in SCADA systems. There is a simulator, run on Raspberry Pi, that generates data according to IEC 61850 and transmits the data using protocols in question. The simulation consist of various virtual devices e.g. surge protection, undervoltage protection, circuit breaker, disconnector, HMI. The MMS protocol is used for station control. Simulation can be user-defined from textual configuration file.

This thesis contains an overview of a new standard IEC 61850. Parts of the standard are described particularly. More space is devoted to the analysis of communication in substations and to features of horizontal GOOSE messages. The other part is devoted to testers of protection and their use in testing of communication in substations according with IEC 61850. The last part is a practical example of using the tester and software for communication network monitoring and measurement of reaction of the system which is controlled with GOOSE messages.

The amount of information transmitted in automation systems has grown exponentially, since the modern digital protection and control devices had been introduced. These systems with different features, limited data flow and the mutual incompatibility were mostly based on the principles defined by vendors themselves. The international communication standard IEC 61850 was created with the aim of introducing definite rules and the structure into the communication part of the electrical substations with the application of the latest technologies. This standard also emphasises the mutual interoperability of the different vendors´ devices. This thesis is focused on the comprehension of basic principles, the practical application and the testing of digital protections with IEC 61850 communication standard implemented. The first part of my thesis is a theoretical one and describes basic principles, services and possibilities of the abstract communication model defined by IEC 61850 standard. The second part of my thesis describes the configuration of IEC 61850 communication standard of the protective terminal REF 542plus with the partial support of this standard including only the vertical communication and the subsequent testing using the OMICRON's testing tool IED Scout. The third part of my thesis is focused on the configuration of the feeder protection REF615 which has fully implemented IEC 61850 standard covering both vertical and horizontal communication by means of the GOOSE messages and the subsequent testing using the ABB's testing tool ITT600 SA Explorer. The testing of both protective devices was carried out in the laboratory of the protection relays on the testing panels at ABB PPMV Brno. The conclusion summarizes the contributions of IEC 61850 communication standard and there are also compared the engineering procedures of the protective terminal REF 542plus and the feeder protection REF615.