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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An electrostatic ion trap for laser and nuclear spectroscopy at the IGISOL

Johnson, Duncan James Stewart January 2013 (has links)
This thesis presents the theoretical modelling and commissioning of the laser station at the newly constructed IGISOL 4 facility. The experimental techniques and apparatus of the facility, focusing on a line dedicated to laser spectroscopy, are described, followed by details on simulations of the beam-line. First spectroscopic data has been acquired at IGISOL 4. The isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of stable and radioactive molybdenum isotopes were acquired using collinear laser spectroscopy. The spectroscopy of this element was chosen in order to compare the results with those previously acquired at IGISOL 3. The isotope shifts and hyperfine dipole constants calculated were found to agree and the hyperfine structure of the 4d4(5D)5s 6D1/2 to 4d4(5D)5p 6F1/2 transition in 107Mo has been observed for the first time. A new electrostatic ion trap (ConeTrap) has been designed for trapping and optical pumping of ions in high vacuum using realistic ion optical simulations. The ConeTrap has been designed with an extended central section in order to facilitate the optical pumping of contained ions. The trap uses asymmetric voltages to achieve greater extraction efficiency and an acceptance time of ~10 us. Fast high-voltage switching circuitry has been created, with fall and rise times of <240 ns and <700 ns respectively, for dynamic trapping of ion bunches. The IGISOL ConeTrap has been designed and built for axial and radial optical pumping, however several other possible applications are also presented. These applications, to be deployed at the IGISOL 4, include using the ConeTrap as a potential energy elevator, a "high-density'' ConeTrap for two-photon spectroscopy, a "dual-stability'' ConeTrap that can provide pure, doubly-ionised bunches, a ConeTrap designed for radiation detection for spectroscopy and lifetime measurements and a combination of the ConeTrap and the current IGISOL light collection region for collinear laser spectroscopy of trapped ions.
2

Mesures de masse autour du 78Ni et nouveau traitement de l'équilibre statistique nucléaire pour l'étude des supernovae à effondrement de coeur / Mass measurements around 78Ni and new treatment of the nuclear statistical equilibrium for the study of core-collapse supernovae

Giraud, Simon 26 September 2019 (has links)
La thèse porte sur l’étude des supernovae à effondrement de coeur (CCSN). D’abord, nous avons cherché à modéliser la composition du coeur de l’étoile massive lors de son effondrement. Nous avons élaboré un nouveau traitement de l’équilibre statistique nucléaire à partir d’une équation d’état basée sur l’approximation de noyau unique (Lattimer et Swesty, LS). Cela permet d’obtenir une description plus réaliste de la distribution des noyaux constitutifs du coeur et de quantifier plus spécifiquement le rôle des masses nucléaires. Les distributions obtenues avec la fonctionnelle de masse originelle (LS) et celles obtenues à partir des modèles de masse tels que HFB-24 et DZ10 ont été comparées pour plusieurs conditions thermodynamiques d’une trajectoire typique de CCSN. Les différences de composition pouvant conduire à des déviations sur le taux de capture électronique allant jusqu’à ∼25%, il est apparu important de définir un modèle de masse réaliste à utiliser pour la simulation de CCSN. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé des mesures de masse de précision dans la région d’intérêt, avec un double piège de Penning auprès de l’installation IGISOL (située à Jyväskylä, Finlande). Cinq nouveaux excès de masse ont été déterminés pour les noyaux suivants : 69m,70Co, 74,75Ni et 76mCu. La précision a été améliorée pour cinq autres : 67Fe, 69Co, 76,78Cu, 79mZn. Enfin, nous avons confirmé les valeurs obtenues par des études récentes pour le 77Cu et le 79Zn. Dès lors, les valeurs expérimentales des gaps nucléaires Z=28 et N=50 ont été comparées aux résultats prédits par DZ10 et HFB-24. Ce dernier modèle reproduit mieux l’évolution des gaps en question. De fait, HFB-24 a été utilisé dans notre nouveau traitement statistique, que nous avons implémenté dans une simulation hydrodynamique existante de CCSN. Au final, nous avons observé un impact modéré du modèle de masse sur la composition du coeur en effondrement. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que ces différences de composition ont peu d’effet sur la dynamique d’effondrement, celle-ci semble plus affectée par le taux de capture électronique. Les études futures devraient se focaliser plutôt sur ce paramètre. / The thesis sets itself in the framework of the study of core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). First, the modeling of the composition of the core of a massive star during its collapse has been investigated. To this aim, we have built a new treatment of the nuclear statistical equilibrium starting from a single-nucleus approximation equation of state (Lattimer and Swesty, LS). This allows a more realistic description of the nuclear distribution inside the core and, more specifically, to quantify the role of the nuclear masses. The distributions obtained with the original mass functional (LS) and those obtained with HFB-24 and DZ10 mass models have been compared for several thermodynamic conditions of a typical CCSN trajectory. The differences in the composition could lead up to ∼25% deviations in the electron-capture rate, thus showing the need to identify a proper mass model to use in CCSN simulations. Therefore, we performed high precision mass measurements in the nuclear mass region of interest, via a double Penning trap at the IGISOL facility (Jyväskylä, Finland). Five new mass excess were determined for the following nuclei : 69m,70Co, 74,75Ni and 76mCu. The precision has been improved for five others : 67Fe, 69Co, 76,78Cu and 79mZn. Finally, we have confirmed the values obtained by recent studies for 77Cu and 79Zn. The experimental values of the nuclear gaps for Z=28 and N=50 have been compared with the results predicted by DZ10 and HFB-24. The latter model better reproduces the evolution of these gaps. Therefore, HFB-24 was used in our new statistical treatment, that we implemented in an existing CCSN hydrodynamical simulation. We have observed a moderated impact of the mass model on the composition of the collapsing core. Moreover, we found that the differences in composition have small effect on the collapse dynamics, which appears to be more sensitive to the electron-capture model. Further studies should thus focus on this parameter.

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