Les références proviennent du Centre des archives diplomatiques de Nantes (France) / Les Textes arabes de l’Ouargha (Lévi-Provençal, 1922), les Textes arabes de Rabat (Brunot, 1931) et les Textes arabes des Zaër (Loubignac, 1952), relatifs à trois régions marocaines, attirent l’attention par leur organisation méthodique, mais aussi par les thématiques abordées. Les Textes, comportant une préface arabe, une transcription en caractères latins et une traduction annotée, donnent une image du Maroc colonial entre 1912 et 1956. Sur les traces de l’orientaliste William Marçais, les trois auto-traducteurs se sont intéressés à l’ethnographie marocaine dans ses différentes facettes. Pour sonder le travail de ces auto-traducteurs, nous avons étudié leur traduction non seulement d’un point de vue comparatif, mais aussi du point de vue du paratexte. De plus, nous avons fait une étude sociohistorique des traducteurs, qui s’est avérée utile pour mieux comprendre leur idéologie et surtout qui a mis en lumière leur appartenance à la communauté d’érudits. Pour ce faire, notre cadre théorique s’est appuyé sur deux volets : volet archéologique et volet critique afin de dégager les normes sous-jacentes dans les interventions délibérées. La préface et les nombreuses notes démontrent clairement le projet de traduction des trois auto-traducteurs, qui est celui de « solidifier l’édifice » de l’Administration française. Force est toutefois d’admettre que l’analyse de l’auto-traduction n’a pas décelé des interventions marquées des traducteurs et donc l’analyse de la transcription en dialecte marocain a pris une grande place dans notre recherche. Cependant, la lecture de cette transcription, soit la traduction intralinguistique de l’oral à l’écrit, et la connaissance de ses tenants et aboutissants mettent en lumière le rôle joué par les auto-traductions, effectuées par des traducteurs au service de l’IHEM, qui est celui de façonner l’image du Marocain et de consolider le projet colonial français au Maroc. / The Textes arabes de l’Ouargha (Lévi-Provençal, 1922), the Textes arabes de Rabat (Brunot, 1931) and the Textes arabes des Zaër (Loubignac, 1952), dealing with three regions in Morocco, draw attention to their methodological organization, as well as to their themes. The three works, consisting of an Arab version, a transcription using Latin characters and an annotated translation, provide a portrait of colonial Morocco between 1912 and 1956. Following in the footsteps of Orientalist William Marçais, the three self-translators concerned themselves with Moroccan ethnography in all its facets. To examine the works of these self-translators, we studied their translation not only from a comparative perspective, but also from a paratextual standpoint. In addition, we conducted a socio-historical study of these translators that proved useful to better understand their ideology and above all shed light on their membership in the community of scholars. For this purpose, our theoretical framework was based on both an archaeological component and a critical component in order to identify the norms underlying the translators’ intentional interventions. The preface and numerous notes clearly illustrate the different translation projects, namely, to “strengthen the edifice” of the French administration. Admittedly, our analysis of the self-translations did not reveal significant interventions and, thus, the study of the Moroccan dialect transcription became an important part of my research. A reading of each transcription – an intralinguistic translation from the oral to the written – and a grasp of all its aspects demonstrate that the role of each of the three self-translations, done by translators in the service of the IHEM, was to shape the image of Moroccans and consolidate the French colonial project in Morocco.

This thesis's main objective is to conduct a comparison study between measured values and simulated results of a demonstrator, of the intelligent home energy management (iHEM) project. The comparison helps to validate the simulation. TRNSYS software is used for the design. In this study, only the thermal energy side of the project is considered. In which system-level (both domestic hot water (DHW), space heating (SH)) and component level (solar collector, gas boiler) are considered as the parameters to compare. An attempt is made to optimize both system-level and component-level simulation outputs with measured values by adopting measured boundary conditions as simulation inputs.During the comparison, the DHW loop simulation design is modified. The measured data were given as input files for simulation, replacing the estimated values used before. This is done to optimize the simulation output with measured data. In the space heating loop (SH), the simulated building model’s parameters were changed to optimize the SH demand. After the system-level validation and optimization, the component level comparison is carried out. For this, the simulation output of solar thermal collectors and gas boiler are compared with measured values. The solar collector loop in the simulation is modified to optimize the simulated results. The seasonal and yearly efficiencies of the collector have been calculated. Solar supply fraction and gas boiler supply fraction is also determined. For the comparison, graphs are plotted for three different weeks, representing the spring, summer, and winter months of 2018.The final optimized simulation output of DHW demand is 7% less than the measured value. Even after optimizing the Space heating loop (SH), the simulated building demand is 17% more heat than the demonstrator building. The simulation's solar collector output is optimized close to the measured values. The simulated gas boiler produces 19% more than the demonstrator system to meet excess SH demand in the simulation (including losses). The overall yearly collector efficiency calculated for measured and simulated values are 58% and 50%, respectively. The estimated solar collector supply fraction and gas boiler supply fraction is 26%, 76% for measured, and 23%, 81% for simulation, respectively.

This thesis's main objective is to conduct a comparison study between measured values and simulated results of a demonstrator, of the intelligent home energy management (iHEM) project. The comparison helps to validate the simulation. TRNSYS software is used for the design. In this study, only the thermal energy side of the project is considered. In which system-level (both domestic hot water (DHW), space heating (SH)) and component level (solar collector, gas boiler) are considered as the parameters to compare. An attempt is made to optimize both system-level and component-level simulation outputs with measured values by adopting measured boundary conditions as simulation inputs.During the comparison, the DHW loop simulation design is modified. The measured data were given as input files for simulation, replacing the estimated values used before. This is done to optimize the simulation output with measured data. In the space heating loop (SH), the simulated building model’s parameters were changed to optimize the SH demand. After the system-level validation and optimization, the component level comparison is carried out. For this, the simulation output of solar thermal collectors and gas boiler are compared with measured values. The solar collector loop in the simulation is modified to optimize the simulated results. The seasonal and yearly efficiencies of the collector have been calculated. Solar supply fraction and gas boiler supply fraction is also determined. For the comparison, graphs are plotted for three different weeks, representing the spring, summer, and winter months of 2018.The final optimized simulation output of DHW demand is 7% less than the measured value. Even after optimizing the Space heating loop (SH), the simulated building demand is 17% more heat than the demonstrator building. The simulation's solar collector output is optimized close to the measured values. The simulated gas boiler produces 19% more than the demonstrator system to meet excess SH demand in the simulation (including losses). The overall yearly collector efficiency calculated for measured and simulated values are 58% and 50%, respectively. The estimated solar collector supply fraction and gas bo