No description available.

No description available.

This thesis describes synthetic studies directed towards the total synthesis of the natural products TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin. Chapter One provides an overview, which details the role of antifungal natural products in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and describes the association between total synthesis and natural products. Three structurally related natural products TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin are introduced as synthetic targets and a strategy for their synthesis is proposed involving an intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction, followed by addition-elimination chemistry. Investigations into the application of the IMDA reaction to the synthesis of the bicyclic core are described in Chapter Two. A Julia olefination reaction was used to install the diene moiety and allowed for the successful synthesis of a model triene precursor. The IMDA cyclisation of the triene was shown to proceed with high endo-selectivity. However, efforts to generate the diene-containing bicyclic core failed and, as a result, this approach to the natural products was abandoned. Chapter Three introduces the diene-regenerative Diels-Alder reaction as an alternative strategy for the direct installation of the diene moiety. The preparation of a model system is described, which established methodology for the efficient preparation of the pyrone-containing Diels-Alder substrate. Cyclisation of this material via a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by extrusion of carbon dioxide, proved a viable method for generating the desired cyclohexadiene system. In Chapter Four, the previously established methodology is applied to the synthesis of the fully functionalised bicyclic core of TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin. The preparation of the racemic Diels-Alder substrate and its successful cyclisation to the bicyclic core is described. An investigation into the preparation of chiral material is also discussed, as well as the description of a model study for the installation of the various side-chains of the natural products. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the future studies required to complete the total synthesis of the TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin.

This thesis describes synthetic studies directed towards the total synthesis of the natural products TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin. Chapter One provides an overview, which details the role of antifungal natural products in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and describes the association between total synthesis and natural products. Three structurally related natural products TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin are introduced as synthetic targets and a strategy for their synthesis is proposed involving an intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction, followed by addition-elimination chemistry. Investigations into the application of the IMDA reaction to the synthesis of the bicyclic core are described in Chapter Two. A Julia olefination reaction was used to install the diene moiety and allowed for the successful synthesis of a model triene precursor. The IMDA cyclisation of the triene was shown to proceed with high endo-selectivity. However, efforts to generate the diene-containing bicyclic core failed and, as a result, this approach to the natural products was abandoned. Chapter Three introduces the diene-regenerative Diels-Alder reaction as an alternative strategy for the direct installation of the diene moiety. The preparation of a model system is described, which established methodology for the efficient preparation of the pyrone-containing Diels-Alder substrate. Cyclisation of this material via a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by extrusion of carbon dioxide, proved a viable method for generating the desired cyclohexadiene system. In Chapter Four, the previously established methodology is applied to the synthesis of the fully functionalised bicyclic core of TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin. The preparation of the racemic Diels-Alder substrate and its successful cyclisation to the bicyclic core is described. An investigation into the preparation of chiral material is also discussed, as well as the description of a model study for the installation of the various side-chains of the natural products. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the future studies required to complete the total synthesis of the TEO3.1, hamigerone and embellistatin.

Les cytochalasines, métabolites secondaires issus de PKS-NRPS fongiques, représentent une large famille de composés bioactifs intéressants de par leur système tricyclique. Ce document expose les stratégies de synthèse vers l’obtention de cytochalasines de petite taille, les périconiasines A-C, isolées de Periconia sp. F-31, qui partagent un système 9/6/5 et des cytotoxicités intéressantes envers l’adénocarcinome du colon, et la synthèse totale de la périconiasine G qui possède le plus petit macrocycle rencontré jusqu’à présent dans cette famille avec un système 7/6/5. Plusieurs analogues du produit naturel dont l’bis-iso-périconiasine C qui se caractérise par une isomérisation des alcènes initiaux sont décrits, ainsi que leurs tests sur des cellules HeLa et MDA ce qui a permis l’identification d’un composé hautement cytotoxique. D’autre part, la synthèse totale de la périconiasine G a conduit à réviser la structure initialement attribuée par Dai et al. et réaliser des tests biologiques pertinents sur les bactéries gram-négatives Micrococcus luteus et Staphylococcus aureus ainsi que sur le phytopathogène Botrytis cinerea responsable de la « pourriture grise » des cultures à travers le monde. Une spécificité de la périconiasine G contre le phytopathogène a pu être découverte ce qui amène à considérer le rôle protecteur des endophytes dans le mutualisme plante-champignon. / Cytochalasins are secondary metabolites born from fungal PKS-NRPS which possess a characteristic tricyclic core and display a large variety of biological properties. This document exposes the strategies elaborated toward total syntheses of small cytochalasins periconiasins A-C, isolated from Periconia sp. F-31 and sharing a 9/6/5 backbone, and periconiasin G which possesses the smallest macrocyclic ring so far in this family with a 7/6/5 tricyclic ring. Several analogues of natural product periconiasin C, including isomer bis-iso-périconiasin C, are described, as well as their bioassays on HeLa and MDA cell lines which allowed identification of a highly toxic lead. Moreover, the total synthesis of periconiasin G led us to the revise the structure published by Dai et al. and carry out pertinent bioassays on gram-positives bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, and on the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea responsible of the gray mold disease throughout the world. A specificity of periconiasin G against the phytopathogen was discovered, leading us to consider the protective role of endophytes in the plant-fungus mutualism.

This thesis describes synthetic studies directed towards the total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide marine natural products. Chapter One provides an overview of the importance of natural products to current medicinal chemistry and describes how the "supply issue" associated with these biologically derived compounds can be resolved through the process of total synthesis. Two families of marine natural products, the nakafurans and the florlides, are introduced as synthetic targets and strategies utilising a type II intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction to achieve their total synthesis are delineated. The efficient preparation of regio- and stereodefined vinyl coupling fragments via hydrostannylation and hydrohalogenation methodology is described in Chapter Two. The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of these fragments, via Stille or Negishi coupling methodology, yielded dienes which were successfully advanced to IMDA triene precursors. Chapter Three describes investigation of the type II IMDA reaction to give bicyclo[4.3.1]decene carbocyclic skeletons. A facile acid-catalysed 6,7-alkene to 7,8-alkene olefinic isomerisation, via a proposed oxonium intermediate, and the inability to appropriately functionalise the desired adducts impeded progress along the synthetic route. Molecular modelling was conducted to investigate the causes of this unexpected reactivity. Investigations in Chapter Four describe the successful synthesis and cyclisation of homomethyl triene analogues prepared via application of enyne metathesis chemistry. The use of an exo-cyclopropylcarbinyl fragmentation was found to be unsuccessful as a means of installing the desired 6-methyl-bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one core with a competing endo-ring expansion giving rise to a bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane ring system. Chapter 5 summarises the above results and gives a brief discussion of the future potential of this research to provide for a total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide natural products.

This thesis describes synthetic studies directed towards the total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide marine natural products. Chapter One provides an overview of the importance of natural products to current medicinal chemistry and describes how the "supply issue" associated with these biologically derived compounds can be resolved through the process of total synthesis. Two families of marine natural products, the nakafurans and the florlides, are introduced as synthetic targets and strategies utilising a type II intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction to achieve their total synthesis are delineated. The efficient preparation of regio- and stereodefined vinyl coupling fragments via hydrostannylation and hydrohalogenation methodology is described in Chapter Two. The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of these fragments, via Stille or Negishi coupling methodology, yielded dienes which were successfully advanced to IMDA triene precursors. Chapter Three describes investigation of the type II IMDA reaction to give bicyclo[4.3.1]decene carbocyclic skeletons. A facile acid-catalysed 6,7-alkene to 7,8-alkene olefinic isomerisation, via a proposed oxonium intermediate, and the inability to appropriately functionalise the desired adducts impeded progress along the synthetic route. Molecular modelling was conducted to investigate the causes of this unexpected reactivity. Investigations in Chapter Four describe the successful synthesis and cyclisation of homomethyl triene analogues prepared via application of enyne metathesis chemistry. The use of an exo-cyclopropylcarbinyl fragmentation was found to be unsuccessful as a means of installing the desired 6-methyl-bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one core with a competing endo-ring expansion giving rise to a bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane ring system. Chapter 5 summarises the above results and gives a brief discussion of the future potential of this research to provide for a total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide natural products.