Plusieurs études investiguent la péri-implantite, mais aucun consensus à ce jour n’est encore établi. But : Cette étude vise à éclaircir notre compréhension sur la péri-implantite et à en déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de causalités liés à sa présence dans une cohorte de patients de la clinique de parodontie de l’Université Laval. Méthode : Une étude transversale a été réalisée sur 86 patients et 258 implants placés entre 1999 et 2014. La cueillette des données de chaque patient a été effectuée à l’aide de leurs dossiers médicaux et dentaires, un questionnaire préalablement établi ainsi qu’un examen de rappel clinique et radiologique. Résultats : La prévalence de patients et d’implants avec une péri-implantite a été 15,11 % et 6,44 % respectivement. Les facteurs statistiquement significatifs pour la péri-implantite se sont révélés être l’état dentaire et les prothèses articulaires. Conclusion : Nos résultats ont démontrent une prévalence pour la péri-implantite inférieure à celles retrouvées dans la littérature. Cela confirme que nos protocoles ont bien été implémentés et exécutés. / Several studies have investigated peri-implantitis complication, but no consensus to date has yet been established. Purpose: The study aims to clarify our understanding of peri-implantitis and to determine the prevalence and causal factors associated with its presence in a cohort of patients at Laval University’s periodontics clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 86 patients and 258 implants placed between 1999 and 2014. Each patient’s data was completed using their medical and dental records, a pre-established questionnaire, and a clinical and radiological recall examination. Results: The prevalence of patients and implants with peri-implantitis was 15.11% and 6.44%, respectively. The statistically significant factors for peri-implantitis were found to be the dental condition and joint prostheses. Conclusion: Our results show a lower peri-implantitis prevalence than those found in the literature. This confirms that our protocols are well implemented and executed.

Thirty-two silicone breast implant patients scored in the mild to moderate range of impairment on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. An unusual number of patients had positive tests for antinuclear antibody on immunological testing and a high incidence of EEG abnormalities were found. Personality testing revealed an MMPI profile which is typical for neuropsychologically impaired subjects but components were consistent with extreme emotional distress. None of the subjects were near the cutoff score for malingering or faking bad on the F-K index of the MMPI. There was no apparent relationship between length of exposure and the severity of neurological impairment. Also, explanted subjects performance was not improved when compared to subjects whose implants were still in place.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, pelo método fotoelástico, de que maneira cargas aplicadas sobre próteses metalocerâmicas implantossuportadas eram transmitidas a implantes de diferentes comprimentos, e como a proporção coroa/implante influenciaria essa distribuição de tensões. A partir de quatro modelos mestres em resina do tipo policarbonato foram confeccionados quatro modelos em resina fotoelástica (Araldite) simulando extremidade livre mandibular, com o dente 44 em resina (Luxatemp) e os dentes 45, 46 e 47 substituídos por implantes com 4 mm de diâmetro. O grupo 1 (G1) foi formado por 2 implantes de comprimento convencional ou longo (11 mm; Titamax Cortical CM, Neodent) substituindo o 45 e o 46, e 1 implante curto (5 mm; Ws Cortical CM, Neodent) substituindo o 47. O grupo 2 (G2) apresentava 1 implante com 11 mm (45) e 2 implantes com 5 mm (46 e 47). O grupo 3 (G3) foi reabilitado por 3 implantes de 5 mm e o grupo 4 (G4) por 3 implantes de 11 mm de comprimento. Nos grupos com implantes de 5 mm foi simulada reabsorção óssea de 4 mm de altura. Coroas metalocerâmicas unidas foram parafusadas sobre os minipilares intermediários. Foram realizados diferentes carregamentos oclusais sobre as coroas: oclusal balanceado de 150N, puntiforme de 100N na mesial do 45 e puntiforme de 100N na distal do 47. Análise fotoelástica quantitativa determinou a tensão transmitida (MPa) nos grupos: G1 (84.73), G2 (136.36), G3 (126.77) e G4 (164.72) para a carga oclusal balanceada; G1 (91.66), G2 (70.93), G3 (93.08) e G4 (119.82) para a carga na mesial do 45; e G1 (75.22), G2 (70.88), G3 (93.79) e G4 (117.56) para a carga na distal do 47. Para os implantes curtos, em todos os casos, a proporção coroa/implante foi maior que 2,5 e para os implantes de comprimento convencional essa proporção foi 1, em média. Após as análises realizadas, foi possível concluir que os maiores valores de tensões foram encontrados no grupo com 3 implantes longos (G4), e o aumento da proporção coroa/implante não mostrou correlação com maior concentração de tensões. Comparativamente, a utilização de implantes curtos reduziu as tensões transmitidas ao redor dos implantes. / The aim of this study was to evaluate by the photoelastic method, stress transmission to implants of different lengths by metal-ceramic crowns under different loads, and how crown/implant ratio influenced this stress distribution. From four matrixes, four photoelastic models (Araldite) were made simulating free mandibular end, with teeth 44 in resin (Luxatemp) and tooth 45, 46 and 47 replaced by implants with 4 mm in diameter. Group 1 (G1) was formed by two implants with conventional length or long (11 mm; Titamax Cortical CM, Neodent) replacing tooth 45 and 46, and one short implant (5 mm; Ws Cortical CM, Neodent) replacing the 47. Group 2 (G2) had one implant with 11 mm (45) and 2 implants with 5 mm (46 and 47). Group 3 (G3) was rehabilitated by three implants of 5 mm and group 4 (G4) for 3 implants of 11 mm in length. In the groups with 5 mm implants was simulated 4 mm bone resorption in height. Metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis was bolted on the abutments. Different oclusal loads were performed over the crowns, 150N in occlusal balanced, 100N on the 45 mesial, and 100N on the 47 distal. Quantitatively photoelastic analysis determined the stress transmitted (MPa) on the groups: G1 (84.73), G2 (136.36), G3 (126.77) and G4 (164.72) for the occlusal load balanced, G1 (91.66), G2 (70.93), G3 (93.08) and G4 (119.82) for charging on the 45 mesial, and G1 (75.22), G2 (70.88), G3 (93.79) and G4 (117.56) to the load on the 47 distal. Crown/implant ratio for short implants was greater than 2.5 and for long implants was about 1. After analysis, it was concluded that the highest values of strains were found in the group with three long implants (G4), and the increased crown/implant ratio showed no correlation with the highest stress concentration. Comparatively, the use of short implants reduced stress around the implants.

Thesis (MSc (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Introduction: Forensic dentistry plays a key role in identifying human remains that cannot be identified visually or by other means. Studies have shown that in cases of single or multiple deaths, scientific identification of human remains utilising forensic dentistry is often the most successful source of identification. Dental identification of human remains consists of a very complex procedure that makes it necessary during the investigation process to use and compare unique dental identifiers. A reliable and accurate method of identifying human remains is a positive radiological identification between ante-mortem and post-mortem images of dental radiographic images. Even if ante-mortem radiographic images may not be present during the identification process, post-mortem images may include details of dental restorations such as dental implants which cannot be seen during visual examination. The different types of dental implants vary in morphology and in conjunction with the unique appearance of dental anatomy and the placement of custom restorations such as dental implants, it has been found to accurately assist in the identification of human remains. Objectives: To establish a radiographic dental implant guide for ten commonly used dental implant types in the Western Cape, South Africa; and to identify and describe the morphological characteristics of these dental implant types as observed on pantomographs. Methods: The ten commonly used dental implant types were imaged radiographically to create a reference instrument which served as a tool for identifying and comparing different types of dental implants. The morphologies of the different dental implants, specifically the apex, thread and neck, were observed on ante-mortem pantomographs and compared to the appearance of the dental implants on the reference instrument to make a positive match. The straight tube image of all ten dental implant types in the reference instrument was used as the point of reference to positively identify the morphological characteristics of each dental implant type on the pantomographs. The morphological characteristics of the ten commonly used dental implant types used in the Western Cape were described and based on this a radiographic dental implant guide was developed. Results: A total of 384 dental implants were observed on the pantomographs. Of these, 380 dental implants could be positively identified on the pantomographs while 4 dental implants could not. A total of 350 dental implants (91%) were identified as dental implant types listed in the reference instrument while 30 dental implants were identified as a dental implant type not listed in the reference instrument. A total of 208 dental implants (54.2%) could be positively identified using the morphological characteristics namely the apex, thread and neck on the straight tube images of the dental implant type in the reference instrument. The radiographic dental implant guide was developed based on positive identification of the morphological characteristics of the dental implant types. Conclusion: This research study has illustrated that the morphology of dental implants can be used to differentiate between different dental implant types on pantomographs. Each dental implant type had unique morphological characteristics as well as similarities which enabled distinction between the different dental implant types, which facilitated dental implant identification and the development of a radiographic dental implant guide. The radiographic dental implant guide developed as part of this research study, may be useful in the field of forensic dentistry and forensic radiology.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, pelo método fotoelástico, de que maneira cargas aplicadas sobre próteses metalocerâmicas implantossuportadas eram transmitidas a implantes de diferentes comprimentos, e como a proporção coroa/implante influenciaria essa distribuição de tensões. A partir de quatro modelos mestres em resina do tipo policarbonato foram confeccionados quatro modelos em resina fotoelástica (Araldite) simulando extremidade livre mandibular, com o dente 44 em resina (Luxatemp) e os dentes 45, 46 e 47 substituídos por implantes com 4 mm de diâmetro. O grupo 1 (G1) foi formado por 2 implantes de comprimento convencional ou longo (11 mm; Titamax Cortical CM, Neodent) substituindo o 45 e o 46, e 1 implante curto (5 mm; Ws Cortical CM, Neodent) substituindo o 47. O grupo 2 (G2) apresentava 1 implante com 11 mm (45) e 2 implantes com 5 mm (46 e 47). O grupo 3 (G3) foi reabilitado por 3 implantes de 5 mm e o grupo 4 (G4) por 3 implantes de 11 mm de comprimento. Nos grupos com implantes de 5 mm foi simulada reabsorção óssea de 4 mm de altura. Coroas metalocerâmicas unidas foram parafusadas sobre os minipilares intermediários. Foram realizados diferentes carregamentos oclusais sobre as coroas: oclusal balanceado de 150N, puntiforme de 100N na mesial do 45 e puntiforme de 100N na distal do 47. Análise fotoelástica quantitativa determinou a tensão transmitida (MPa) nos grupos: G1 (84.73), G2 (136.36), G3 (126.77) e G4 (164.72) para a carga oclusal balanceada; G1 (91.66), G2 (70.93), G3 (93.08) e G4 (119.82) para a carga na mesial do 45; e G1 (75.22), G2 (70.88), G3 (93.79) e G4 (117.56) para a carga na distal do 47. Para os implantes curtos, em todos os casos, a proporção coroa/implante foi maior que 2,5 e para os implantes de comprimento convencional essa proporção foi 1, em média. Após as análises realizadas, foi possível concluir que os maiores valores de tensões foram encontrados no grupo com 3 implantes longos (G4), e o aumento da proporção coroa/implante não mostrou correlação com maior concentração de tensões. Comparativamente, a utilização de implantes curtos reduziu as tensões transmitidas ao redor dos implantes. / The aim of this study was to evaluate by the photoelastic method, stress transmission to implants of different lengths by metal-ceramic crowns under different loads, and how crown/implant ratio influenced this stress distribution. From four matrixes, four photoelastic models (Araldite) were made simulating free mandibular end, with teeth 44 in resin (Luxatemp) and tooth 45, 46 and 47 replaced by implants with 4 mm in diameter. Group 1 (G1) was formed by two implants with conventional length or long (11 mm; Titamax Cortical CM, Neodent) replacing tooth 45 and 46, and one short implant (5 mm; Ws Cortical CM, Neodent) replacing the 47. Group 2 (G2) had one implant with 11 mm (45) and 2 implants with 5 mm (46 and 47). Group 3 (G3) was rehabilitated by three implants of 5 mm and group 4 (G4) for 3 implants of 11 mm in length. In the groups with 5 mm implants was simulated 4 mm bone resorption in height. Metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis was bolted on the abutments. Different oclusal loads were performed over the crowns, 150N in occlusal balanced, 100N on the 45 mesial, and 100N on the 47 distal. Quantitatively photoelastic analysis determined the stress transmitted (MPa) on the groups: G1 (84.73), G2 (136.36), G3 (126.77) and G4 (164.72) for the occlusal load balanced, G1 (91.66), G2 (70.93), G3 (93.08) and G4 (119.82) for charging on the 45 mesial, and G1 (75.22), G2 (70.88), G3 (93.79) and G4 (117.56) to the load on the 47 distal. Crown/implant ratio for short implants was greater than 2.5 and for long implants was about 1. After analysis, it was concluded that the highest values of strains were found in the group with three long implants (G4), and the increased crown/implant ratio showed no correlation with the highest stress concentration. Comparatively, the use of short implants reduced stress around the implants.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2008.

published_or_final_version / Dental Surgery / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1972.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1992. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-200).