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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tr?s ensaios em economia da sa?de

Santos, Anderson Moreira Aristides dos 11 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-01T18:29:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDERSON_MOREIRA_ARISTIDES_DOS_SANTOS_COMPLETO.pdf: 2649410 bytes, checksum: 5f8d95108c2d9591253f391a37f3d5a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T18:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDERSON_MOREIRA_ARISTIDES_DOS_SANTOS_COMPLETO.pdf: 2649410 bytes, checksum: 5f8d95108c2d9591253f391a37f3d5a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This doctoral dissertation presents three independent essays. At first, this paper analyzes the income-related inequalities and inequities in children?s health care, in the city of Pelotas, using longitudinal data from follows-up of 12 to 72 months. The methodology was based on concentration indexes (CI) and their decompositions. The main results showed that there are pro-rich inequalities and inequalities for all analyzed cases. The variables, which mostly contributed to the pro-rich inequity of health insurance and health insurance expenses, are income, asset index and mother?s education. In addition to these three variables, private health insurance (pro-rich) and child?s health variables (pro-poor) have a strong contribution in the CI of medicine use and expenses on medicines. There were reductions in inequality and inequity in the follow-up of 72 months. This reduction occurred with a higher gain or smaller decrease for the poor in health care variable. The second study analyzes the impact of Family Health Program (PSF) on the children?s health (under 12 years old) in Brazil?s rural area, using data from the PNAD (2008) and the PSM and OLS methods, applying sensitivity analysis proposed by Ichino et al. (2008) and Oster (2015). The results indicate that the PSF has statistically significant and high magnitude impact on the children?s health in Brazil?s rural area. However, it is concentrated in the North and Northeast regions, and, it is not significant in the Mid-South region. For the North region, this impact is independent of age, while in the Northeast is significant for younger age groups. The sensitivity analysis proposed by Ichino et al. (2008) reported robust results for the North region in all age groups, while in the Northeast region the robustness only occurred for children between 0 and 3 years old. Based on Oster?s (2015) approach, only the results of the North region in the smaller age groups were robust. Thus, there is confirmation of the hypothesis that this type of health care policy benefits the individuals of the poorest regions in the rural area. The aim of the third essay was to analyze the relationship between demand for imports of pharmaceutical chemicals and pharmaceutical and economic variables (exchange rate, import prices and aggregate income), using elasticities of the demand for imports, considering monthly data for the period 1997-2014 in Brazil. The regressions are estimated by Vector Error Correction model. The main results showed that increases in aggregate income and reductions in import prices have a positive and significant impact, respectively elastic and inelastic way, on imports. The exchange rate was significant only in the aggregate model. Thus, the aggregate income showed a very robust variable and with a strong impact on imports of pharmaceutical chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Considering the argumentation explained in the literature that the deficit in international trade of this industry has relationship with deficits in knowledge and technology, adding to the results found in this dissertation, there is evidence that, when the level of economic activity grows, a greater demand takes place for that type of product and there is no enough domestic production, there is the need for importations, which can generate pressures on the trade deficit in this segment. / Esta tese apresenta tr?s ensaios independentes em Economia da Sa?de. No primeiro, o objetivo ? analisar as desigualdades e iniquidades relacionadas ? renda dos cuidados em sa?de das crian?as na cidade de Pelotas, utilizando dados longitudinais dos acompanhamentos de 12 at? 72 meses. A metodologia foi baseada em ?ndices de concentra??o (IC) e suas decomposi??es. Os principais resultados mostraram que h? desigualdades e iniquidades pr?-rico para todos os casos analisados. As vari?veis que mais contribuem para a desigualdade pr?-rico do plano de sa?de e dos gastos com plano de sa?de s?o renda, ?ndice de posse e educa??o das m?es. Al?m dessas tr?s vari?veis, plano de sa?de (pr?-rico) e vari?veis de sa?de da crian?a (pr?-pobre) t?m forte contribui??o no IC do uso de medicamentos e dos gastos com medicamentos. Observou-se ainda que, houve redu??es na desigualdade e iniquidade no acompanhamento de 72 meses. Essa redu??o ocorreu com um maior ganho ou menor decr?scimo para os mais pobres na vari?vel de cuidados em sa?de. O segundo ensaio analisa o impacto do Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) sobre a sa?de das crian?as (menores de 12 anos) da ?rea rural do Brasil com base nos dados da PNAD (2008). Para tanto, foram utilizados os m?todos Propensity Score Matching e M?nimos Quadrados Ordin?rios, aplicando an?lises de sensibilidade de Ichino et al. (2008) e Oster (2015). Os resultados indicaram que o PSF possui um impacto estatisticamente significativo e de magnitude elevada sobre a sa?de das crian?as da ?rea rural do Brasil. Contudo, ele est? concentrado nas regi?es Norte e Nordeste, sendo n?o significativo no Centro-Sul do pa?s. Na regi?o Norte esse impacto independe da idade, enquanto na regi?o Nordeste, ele ? significativo para as menores faixas de idade. A an?lise de sensibilidade proposta por Ichino et al. (2008) indicou que os resultados s?o robustos para o Norte em todas as faixas, enquanto para regi?o Nordeste a robustez ocorreu para as crian?as entre 0 e 3 anos de idade. Na abordagem de Oster (2015), apenas os resultados da regi?o Norte e das menores faixas de idade foram robustos. Por esses resultados, h? confirma??o da hip?tese de que as crian?as das regi?es mais pobres da ?rea rural s?o beneficiadas por esse tipo de pol?tica de cuidados em sa?de. Por fim, o terceiro ensaio analisa a rela??o entre a demanda por importa??es de produtos farmoqu?micos e farmac?uticos e vari?veis econ?micas (taxa de c?mbio, pre?o das importa??es e renda agregada), no Brasil, fazendo uso de dados mensais do per?odo 1997-2014. A regress?es foram estimadas via Vetor de Corre??o de Erros (VEC). Os principais resultados mostraram que aumentos na renda agregada e redu??es nos pre?os das importa??es t?m impacto positivo e significativo, respectivamente de forma el?stica e inel?stica, sobre as importa??es. A taxa de c?mbio foi significativa apenas no modelo mais agregado. Ent?o, a renda agregada se mostrou uma vari?vel bastante robusta e com forte impacto sobre as importa??es dos produtos farmoqu?micos e farmac?uticos. Considerando os argumentos explicitados na literatura de que o d?ficit no com?rcio internacional dessa ind?stria se relaciona com d?ficit em conhecimento e tecnologia, somando aos resultados encontrados nesta tese, h? ind?cios de que conforme o n?vel de atividade econ?mica cresce, ocorre uma maior demanda por esse tipo de produto, e, n?o havendo produ??o nacional suficiente, h? a necessidade de importa??es, o que pode gerar press?es no d?ficit comercial desse segmento.

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