Inaug.-diss.--Giessen.

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Falconer (1989) made the statement that traits closely related to fitness generally experience greater inbreeding depression than traits less closely related to fitness. However, he did not provide statistical support for this statement. In a review of the literature I provide statistical support for Falconer's (1989) statement by showing that life history traits (closely related to fitness) display more severe inbreeding depression than morphological traits (less closely related to fitness). Because inbreeding depression is greater in traits closely related to fitness, it may impact the success of colonization. In an investigation of the influence of inbreeding in a colonizing wing dimorphic species of cricket, Gryllus firmus, I have provided further empirical support for Falconer's (1989) statement, in addition to showing that inbreeding does not affect the equilibrium morph frequencies between two the morphs of G. firmus.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1966. / Includes bibliographies. / viii, 140 l mounted illus., tables

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Alice A. Winn, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 18, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1955. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 godoy_ar_me_btofca.pdf: 727119 bytes, checksum: a07c88226e4ee013ff973e2abe507e82 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The objective of this work was evaluate the inbreeding depression with successive generations of self-pollination in a cucumber caipira population (S0, S1, S2, S3; S4 e S5), obtained by crossing Safira x Hatem hybrids. Two experiments were accomplished: one to evaluate immature fruits production and another to analyze the mature fruits production, seed quality and yield. The experimental design of both experiments were randomized blocks, in the first with seven treatments (different generations of self pollination - S0 to S5 and the hybrid Safira), six replicates and five plants per plot and in the second the same seven treatments, four replicates and five plants per plot. In the first experiment (immature fruits) was number of leaves, length of the main stem, number and weight of fruits, total and commercial, number of nodes and vines percentage were evaluated. In the second experiment (mature fruit) the following traits were evaluated characteristic: seed number and weight per plant and per fruit and seed quality (germination test, first counted of seeds, index of germination speed and weight of 100 seeds). The averages were compared by the Tukey test (5%) and the evaluation of the inbreeding depression was made with regression analysis. In the experiment 1 smaller production of fruits was observed (total and commercial) starting from population S2, demonstrating possible vigor loss. The populations S0 and S1 were similar or superiors for the characteristics number of total fruits, total weight per plant and commercial weight per plant when compared to the hybrid Safira, demonstrating the potencial of this population to obtain a new cultivar or hybrid of the caipira type. The experiment two there was no statistical difference for all the appraised characteristics, showing that the inbreeding didn`t affect the production and quality of the seeds in this population.

Individual-based simulation modelling is an excellent method for testing hypotheses, while including realistic and stochastic population parameters. This thesis considers the evolution of dispersal or inbreeding through individual-based simulation modelling. The occurrence of exclusive inbreeding and exclusive outbreeding is found in a number of organisms and are referred to as mixed mating. Mixed mating is suggested to be in response to low levels of inbreeding depression as well as simultaneous inbreeding- and outbreeding depression while intermediately related mating partners are not available. The results of this thesis show that stable mixed mating strategies evolve in the presence of both inbreeding and outbreeding depression, as well as, under conditions where low levels of inbreeding depression are present. Also, inclusive fitness allows higher levels of inbreeding in genetic systems where the mating partners are more related to each other. Dispersal evidently evolves in response to inbreeding depression. A number of other factors, such as local mate competition and the cost of dispersal also influence the rate of dispersal. In addition to these factors, it is shown in this thesis that male dispersal evolves when there is variation in patch sex ratios. Simulation data also supports parent offspring conflict models, as males have reduced dispersal rates when they, rather than their parents, determine the dispersal rate. Population structure is affected by dispersal rates. Using individual-based simulation modelling and various sampling strategies, reveals that few molecular markers, for a few individuals, are sufficient to accurately detect population subdivision, especially when the sub-populations are large. It is, however, indicated that planning prior to sampling are important for proper assessment of population structure. Lastly, molecular data from the pollinating fig wasp Platyscapa awekei reveals that this species suffers from low levels of inbreeding depression. However, when this data are simulated, stable mixed mating did not evolve although it is observed in P. awekei. Sex ratio variation, high local mate competitions and male only broods are therefore suggested to drive male dispersal. It is consequently advantageous to use various techniques to unravel the evolution of a trait and gain insight into the system. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Genetics / unrestricted