Dans le royaume végétal, les plantes doivent faire face à de nombreux facteurs de stress environnementaux abiotiques et biotiques. La diversité des agents pathogènes conduit encore aujourd’hui à des pertes économiques importantes en impactant le rendement et la qualité des fruits des plantes cultivées. Si pour certains agents pathogènes les traitements chimiques sont adaptés, ils restent inopérants contre les virus menant à l’utilisation de moyen empirique fastidieux à mettre en place et souvent onéreux. La tomate est une plante d’intérêt agricole majeur dont l’un des challenges les plus importants consiste à lutter contre les maladies et ravageurs pouvant provoquer de graves dégâts industriels. Parmi ces fléaux, le PepMV fait partie d’un groupe de virus émergeants dont les connaissances générales sont encore très limitées et méritent d’être approfondies compte tenu de son impact agronomique important. Puisqu’aucune résistance naturelle n’a encore été identifiée chez la tomate vis-à-vis du PepMV, il devient urgent de développer des moyens de lutte efficace afin d’améliorer la production maraichère. Les études développées lors de ce doctorat se sont donc concentrées sur les nouvelles stratégies d’amélioration des plantes en identifiant dans un premier temps des mécanismes d’interaction du pathosystème PepMV/tomate par la mise en place d’une stratégie sans a priori en levure. Cette étape a permis de déterminer des gènes candidats de tomate dont certains potentiellement indispensables au cycle viral du PepMV. Des cribles par la méthode TILLING ont été réalisés avec les facteurs hôtes de sensibilité afin d’acquérir, si possible, des plantes possédant une résistance durable, à large spectre vis-à-vis de nombreux virus ou agents pathogènes et commercialisables en Europe car non OGM. D’autres candidats ne pouvant pas être exploités par une perte de fonction, qui conduirait à une sensibilité accrue des plantes suite à l’infection du PepMV, ont alors fait l’objet d’une étude scientifique plus fondamentale. Ces études ont permis de souligner le mécanisme et le rôle de résistance de plusieurs candidats dans le pathosystème PepMV/tomate. / Within the plant kingdom, crops struggle with numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. The fabulous diversity of pathogens still leads to dramatic economic losses by impairing yield and fruit quality. Chemical treatments are available and effective against some pathogens but unfortunately drive to critic environmental damage and remain useless to face viruses. Nowadays, best ways to eradicate or at least to restrain viruses are empirical and expensive. Tomato is one of the most cultivated plants among vegetable crops in agriculture and the major challenge consists in a intense battle against serious damages on industrial benefits caused by pathogens diseases. The emergent virus PepMV is a worldwide scourge and the limited knowledge deserves to be explored. Unfortunately, natural resistance in tomato has not been identified yet and consequently, it appears as an emergency to develop effective strategies in order to improve tomato production. At first, this study has been based on new crops improvement strategies and focused on identifying mechanisms involved in the PepMV/tomato pathosystem by a yeast two hybrid strategy. This approach leads to the determination of tomato candidate genes potentially essential for the viral cycle of PepMV. TILLING screening method has been used for host susceptible factors to possibly acquire marketable non OGM and sustainable resistant plants to a wide range of pathogens. To go one step further with other candidates for which a loss of function strateg might lead to amplified plant susceptibility following by PepMV infection, fundamental investigation has been pursued. Mechanisms and implications of a few candidates in the PepMV/tomato pathosystem have been unraveled.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 godoy_ar_me_btofca.pdf: 727119 bytes, checksum: a07c88226e4ee013ff973e2abe507e82 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The objective of this work was evaluate the inbreeding depression with successive generations of self-pollination in a cucumber caipira population (S0, S1, S2, S3; S4 e S5), obtained by crossing Safira x Hatem hybrids. Two experiments were accomplished: one to evaluate immature fruits production and another to analyze the mature fruits production, seed quality and yield. The experimental design of both experiments were randomized blocks, in the first with seven treatments (different generations of self pollination - S0 to S5 and the hybrid Safira), six replicates and five plants per plot and in the second the same seven treatments, four replicates and five plants per plot. In the first experiment (immature fruits) was number of leaves, length of the main stem, number and weight of fruits, total and commercial, number of nodes and vines percentage were evaluated. In the second experiment (mature fruit) the following traits were evaluated characteristic: seed number and weight per plant and per fruit and seed quality (germination test, first counted of seeds, index of germination speed and weight of 100 seeds). The averages were compared by the Tukey test (5%) and the evaluation of the inbreeding depression was made with regression analysis. In the experiment 1 smaller production of fruits was observed (total and commercial) starting from population S2, demonstrating possible vigor loss. The populations S0 and S1 were similar or superiors for the characteristics number of total fruits, total weight per plant and commercial weight per plant when compared to the hybrid Safira, demonstrating the potencial of this population to obtain a new cultivar or hybrid of the caipira type. The experiment two there was no statistical difference for all the appraised characteristics, showing that the inbreeding didn`t affect the production and quality of the seeds in this population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galvani_e_dr_botfca.pdf: 975171 bytes, checksum: 5e92c835f807ea306db88bea277327eb (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Ao longo do ciclo da cultura de pepino tipo salada, cultivado simultaneamente em condição de ambiente protegido e a campo em ciclos de outono-inverno e primavera-verão avaliou-se os elementos agrometeorológicos, tais como: componentes da radiação solar (global, refletida, difusa, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e saldo de radiação), temperatura do ar e do solo, fluxo de calor no solo, velocidade do vento, partição do balanço de energia em fluxos de calor latente de evaporação e fluxos de calor sensível, assim como, indicadores de crescimento da cultura, a citar, área foliar e índice de área foliar, produtividade e matéria seca. Os resultados mostram que: a) a cultura no interior do ambiente protegido apresentou ganhos significativos de produtividade em relação a condição de campo com 19,98 e 4,01 kg m-2 de canteiro para o ambiente protegido e a campo, respectivamente, no ciclo de outono-inverno e, não significativos com 26,81 e 22,55 kg m-2 de canteiro para o ciclo de primavera-verão; b) A transmissividade do polietileno a radiação solar global foi alterado em 2 função da época do ano e do tempo de exposição do material passando de 70,77% no período de outono-inverno para 74,92% no período de primavera-verão; c) A temperatura média e a umidade relativa do ar não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os ambientes; d) A temperatura do solo apresentou diferença significativa nas profundidades de 0,1 e 0,3 m de profundidade nas condições de ambiente protegido e a campo em ambos os ciclos de cultivo. Para a profundidade de 0,2 m não se observou diferença significativa entre os ambientes e ciclos de cultivo; e) A velocidade do vento apresentou média de 0,118 e 2,06 m s-1 para as condições de ambiente protegido e a campo em ciclo de outono-inverno, e média de 0,069 e 1,973 m s-1 em ciclo de... . / Agrometeorological elements were monitored throughout the cycle of cucumber crop grown at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, under field and internal conditions at the protect environment with polyethylene cover over the fall-winter and spring-summer seasons. Such parameters were the solar radiation components, such as global, reflected, diffuse, photosynthetically active radiation and net radiation, as well as soil and air temperature, heat flux from soil, wind speed, partitioning of net radiation into evaporation latent heat and sensitive heat fluxes, leaf area, leaf area index, productivity and dry matter weight for the crop in study. The results show that: a) the protected environmental conditions provided significant gains of yield in relation to field with 19.98 and 4.01 kg m-2 of fresh matter for the internal and external conditions, respectively, throughout fall-winter season, as well as no-significant yields under the same treatments with 26.81 and 22.55 kg m-2 of fresh matter, respectively, during winter-summer season; b) transmissivity of 4 polyethylene has been changed as a function of the season and exposition time of the material passing of 70,77% in the autumn-winter for 74,92% in the spring-summer period; c) mean temperature and relative humidity of the air did not present significant differences between both internal and external environments; d) mean temperature of the soil presented significant difference in the depths of 0.1 and 0.3 meters of depth in the conditions of protected environmental and to field in both cultivation cycles. For the depth of 0.2 meters significant difference was not observed between the environmental and cultivation cycles; e) the speed of wind presented average of 0.118 and 2.06 m s-1 for the conditions of protected environmental and field in autumn-winter cycle... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: João Francisco Escobedo / Resumo: Ao longo do ciclo da cultura de pepino tipo salada, cultivado simultaneamente em condição de ambiente protegido e a campo em ciclos de outono-inverno e primavera-verão avaliou-se os elementos agrometeorológicos, tais como: componentes da radiação solar (global, refletida, difusa, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e saldo de radiação), temperatura do ar e do solo, fluxo de calor no solo, velocidade do vento, partição do balanço de energia em fluxos de calor latente de evaporação e fluxos de calor sensível, assim como, indicadores de crescimento da cultura, a citar, área foliar e índice de área foliar, produtividade e matéria seca. Os resultados mostram que: a) a cultura no interior do ambiente protegido apresentou ganhos significativos de produtividade em relação a condição de campo com 19,98 e 4,01 kg m-2 de canteiro para o ambiente protegido e a campo, respectivamente, no ciclo de outono-inverno e, não significativos com 26,81 e 22,55 kg m-2 de canteiro para o ciclo de primavera-verão; b) A transmissividade do polietileno a radiação solar global foi alterado em 2 função da época do ano e do tempo de exposição do material passando de 70,77% no período de outono-inverno para 74,92% no período de primavera-verão; c) A temperatura média e a umidade relativa do ar não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os ambientes; d) A temperatura do solo apresentou diferença significativa nas profundidades de 0,1 e 0,3 m de profundidade nas condições de ambiente protegido e a campo em ambos os ciclos de cultivo. Para a profundidade de 0,2 m não se observou diferença significativa entre os ambientes e ciclos de cultivo; e) A velocidade do vento apresentou média de 0,118 e 2,06 m s-1 para as condições de ambiente protegido e a campo em ciclo de outono-inverno, e média de 0,069 e 1,973 m s-1 em ciclo de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Agrometeorological elements were monitored throughout the cycle of cucumber crop grown at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, under field and internal conditions at the protect environment with polyethylene cover over the fall-winter and spring-summer seasons. Such parameters were the solar radiation components, such as global, reflected, diffuse, photosynthetically active radiation and net radiation, as well as soil and air temperature, heat flux from soil, wind speed, partitioning of net radiation into evaporation latent heat and sensitive heat fluxes, leaf area, leaf area index, productivity and dry matter weight for the crop in study. The results show that: a) the protected environmental conditions provided significant gains of yield in relation to field with 19.98 and 4.01 kg m-2 of fresh matter for the internal and external conditions, respectively, throughout fall-winter season, as well as no-significant yields under the same treatments with 26.81 and 22.55 kg m-2 of fresh matter, respectively, during winter-summer season; b) transmissivity of 4 polyethylene has been changed as a function of the season and exposition time of the material passing of 70,77% in the autumn-winter for 74,92% in the spring-summer period; c) mean temperature and relative humidity of the air did not present significant differences between both internal and external environments; d) mean temperature of the soil presented significant difference in the depths of 0.1 and 0.3 meters of depth in the conditions of protected environmental and to field in both cultivation cycles. For the depth of 0.2 meters significant difference was not observed between the environmental and cultivation cycles; e) the speed of wind presented average of 0.118 and 2.06 m s-1 for the conditions of protected environmental and field in autumn-winter cycle... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

Tesis por compendio / The Genebank of the Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of the Agrodiversity (COMAV) has in its collection 198 accessions of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) of Spanish origin, taking charge of preserving and providing their seeds. All the accessions were registered as traditional varieties or landraces, thus the collection of the COMAV represents 5% of the cucumber traditional varieties included in GENESYS. The purpose of the germplasm collections is the preservation of the genetic diversity to make it available for breeders, researchers and other users. Rationalization, that is, reduction of the size collection, is an alternative to cut costs of maintenance. With rationalization the efficiency in management and use of the collection increases; as a consequence, a correct preservation is guaranteed and at least part of the plant materials are available to users. This thesis is included in a project with the objective of the rationalization of the cucumber Spanish collection of the COMAV's Genebank. To achieve this objective, a morphological characterization of the cucumber collection, using fruit and plant descriptors, was carried out. Subsequently, a subset of the accessions were selected to be analyzed with molecular markers, concretely with SSRs (Simple sequence repeats). The morphological characterization was carried out for 206 cucumber accessions, 195 from Spain (178 held at the COMAV, 17 provided by the 'Vegetable Genebank of Zaragoza', BGHZ). Five plants per accession were characterized, with 17 qualitative and 9 quantitative descriptors, eight of them referred to plant traits and 18 related to the fruit. Fruit descriptors were evaluated in at least 25 fruits per accession. The accessions were classified in five groups: 'White', 'Short', 'French', 'Long' and 'Very long'. Principal component analysis showed that, with few exceptions, the accessions were grouped according to their phenotypic similarity. Variability found within each of the groups displayed the potential of these plant materials in breeding programmes for different traits. Maintenance of this collection is of great interest, since variability held by these accessions is not conserved in other European collections, and constitutes a source of genes for cucumber breeding. A representative subset of the accessions evaluated by morphological traits was selected for the molecular characterization. Concretely, molecular diversity of 131 Spanish accessions was evaluated with 23 SSRs. Eighteen of these SSRs were polymorphic; the mean number of alleles, mean observed heterozygosity and mean polymorphic information content were 3.2, 0.065 and 0.229, respectively. Around 60% of the alleles showed a frequency higher than 0.05, and only one allele in the SSR31399 showed a frequency lower than 0.01. In addition, three accession-specific alleles were found. A cluster analysis did not show any relation with morphological types or geographical area. Therefore, these results demonstrated that molecular diversity of the cucumber did not resemble its phenotypic variability. Finally, this study provides information for the rationalization of germplasm. Results from both studies allowed the rationalization of the cucumber Spanish collection of the COMAV. Selection of the accessions was carried out with a combined strategy, considering phenotypic traits, origin and molecular data. The selection included 47 accessions, six of the 'French' type, 15 of the 'Long' type and 24 of the 'Short' type. Moreover, the unique accessions molecularly analyzed belonging to 'Very long' and 'White' types were also selected. The analysis of the set of selected accessions confirmed that it conserved the morphological and molecular variability found in the complete collection. / El Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV) mantiene en su colección 198 entradas de variedades tradicionales de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) de origen español, haciéndose cargo de la conservación y cesión de sus semillas. La colección de pepino del COMAV representa el 5% de las variedades tradicionales de pepino que figuran en GENESYS. El objeto de las colecciones de germoplasma es conservar la diversidad genética y permitir el acceso a esta a mejoradores, investigadores y otros usuarios. Como alternativa para reducir los costes de mantenimiento se plantea su racionalización, es decir, la reducción del tamaño. De esta forma, se incrementa la eficiencia en el manejo y uso de las mismas, se garantiza una correcta conservación y al menos parte de los materiales se hacen accesibles a los usuarios. Esta tesis se enmarca en un proyecto cuyo objetivo es la racionalización de la colección de pepino español del Banco de Germoplasma del COMAV. Para ello se planteó en primer lugar una caracterización por caracteres de planta y fruto de la colección de entradas de pepino español, para a continuación seleccionar un subconjunto de las mismas para su análisis con marcadores moleculares de tipo microsatélite (Simple sequence repeats, SSR). La caracterización morfológica se llevó a cabo empleando 206 entradas de pepino, 195 de ellas de origen español (178 mantenidas en el COMAV y 17 proporcionadas por el Banco de Germoplasma de Hortícolas de Zaragoza, BGHZ). Se caracterizaron 5 plantas por entrada, empleando 17 descriptores cualitativos y nueve cuantitativos, ocho de ellos de planta y 18 de fruto. Los caracteres de fruto se evaluaron en al menos 25 frutos por entrada. Las entradas analizadas se clasificaron en cinco tipos según las características de fruto: "Blanco", "Corto", "Francés", "Largo" y "Muy largo". El análisis de componentes principales permitió comprobar que, con pocas excepciones, las entradas se agrupaban según su similitud fenotípica. En cualquier caso, la variabilidad observada dentro de cada uno de los grupos puso de manifiesto el potencial de los materiales evaluados para la mejora de distintos atributos. El mantenimiento de la colección resulta de especial interés, dado que la variabilidad que contiene no se encuentra conservada en otras colecciones europeas y constituye una fuente de genes de interés para la mejora del pepino. Un subconjunto representativo de las entradas evaluadas por características morfológicas se seleccionó para la caracterización molecular. En concreto, se evaluó la diversidad genética de 131 entradas españolas, empleando 23 marcadores SSRs. Dieciocho de los SSRs fueron polimórficos en la colección: los valores medios para el número de alelos, la heterocigosidad observada y el contenido en información polimórfica fueron de 3,2, 0,065 y 0,229, respectivamente. Aproximadamente el 60% de los alelos mostraron una frecuencia superior a 0,05, mientras que solo uno de los alelos para el marcador SSR31399 mostró una frecuencia inferior a 0,01. Se identificaron tres alelos específicos de entradas. En el análisis de agrupamientos las entradas no se agruparon según el tipo ni según el área geográfica. Estos resultados demostraron que la diversidad molecular de la colección de pepino no refleja la variabilidad fenotípica. Los resultados de ambas caracterizaciones han permitido llevar a cabo la racionalización de la colección de pepino español del COMAV. Para la selección de las entradas se ha llevado a cabo una estrategia combinada, considerando caracteres fenotípicos, origen y datos moleculares. La selección incluyó 47 entradas, seis de tipo "Francés", 15 del tipo "Largo" y 24 del tipo "Corto". Además, se seleccionaron las únicas entradas de tipo "Muy largo" y "Blanco" caracterizadas molecularmente. Se confirmó que el conjunto de entradas seleccionadas conservaban la variabilidad m / El Banc de Germoplasma de l'Institut de Conservació i Millora de l'Agrodiversitat Valenciana (COMAV) manté en la seua col·lecció 198 entrades de varietats de cogombre (Cucumis sativus L.) d'origen espanyol, fent-se càrrec de la conservació i cessió de les seues llavors. La col·lecció del COMAV representa el 5% de les varietats de cogombre que figuren en GENESYS. L'objectiu de les col·leccions de germoplasma és conservar la diversitat genètica i permetre l'accés a aquesta a milloradors, investigadors i altres usuaris. Com a alternativa per a reduir els costos de manteniment, es planteja la seua racionalització, és a dir, la reducció de la grandària. D'aquesta forma, augmenta l'eficiència en el maneig i ús de les mateixes, es garantix una correcta conservació i al menys part dels materials es fan accessibles als usuaris. Aquesta tesi s'emmarca en un projecte que té com a objectiu la racionalització de la col·lecció de cogombre espanyol del Banc de Germoplasma del COMAV. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu, es va plantejar en primer lloc una caracterització per caràcters de planta i fruit de la col·lecció d'entrades de cogombre espanyol, per a continuació seleccionar un subconjunt de les mateixes per al seu anàlisi mitjançant marcadors moleculars de tipus microsatèl·lit (Simple sequence repeats, SSR). La caracterització morfològica es va dur a terme utilitzant 206 entrades de cogombre, 195 d'elles d'origen espanyol (178 mantingudes al COMAV, 17 proporcionades pel Banc de Germoplasma d'Hortícoles de Saragossa, BGHZ). Es van caracteritzar 5 plantes per entrada, emprant 17 descriptors qualitatius i nou quantitatius, huit d'ells de planta i 18 de fruit. Els caràcters de fruit s'avaluaren en al menys 25 fruits per entrada. Les entrades analitzades es classificaren en cinc tipus segons les característiques de fruit: "Blanc", "Curt", "Francés", "Llarg" i "Molt llarg". L'anàlisi de components principals va permetre comprovar que, amb poques excepcions, les entrades s'agrupaven segons la seua similitud fenotípica. En tot cas, la variabilitat observada dins de cadascun dels grups va posar de manifest el potencial dels materials avaluats per a la millora de diversos atributs. El manteniment de la col·lecció resulta d'especial interés, atés que la variabilitat que conté no es troba conservada en altres col·leccions europees i constitueix una font de gens d'interés per a la millora del cogombre. Un subconjunt representatiu de les entrades avaluades per característiques morfològiques es va seleccionar per a la caracterització molecular. En concret, es va avaluar la diversitat genètica de 131 entrades espanyoles, emprant 23 marcadors SSRs. Díhuit dels SSRs van ser polimòrfics en la col·lecció: els valors mitjans per al nombre d'al·lels, la heterocigositat observada i el contingut en informació polimòrfica van ser 3,2, 0,065 i 0,229, respectivament. Aproximadament el 60% dels al·lels van mostrar una freqüència superior a 0,05, mentre que sols un dels al·lels per al marcador SSR31399 va mostrar una freqüència inferior a 0,01. Es van identificar tres al·lels específics d'entrades. En l'anàlisi d'agrupaments les entrades no s'agruparen segons el tipus ni segons l'àrea geogràfica. Aquests resultats demostraren que la diversitat molecular de la col·lecció de cogombre no reflectix la variabilitat fenotípica. Els resultats d'ambdues caracteritzacions han permés dur a terme la racionalització de la col·lecció de cogombre espanyol del COMAV. Per a la sel·lecció de les entrades s'ha emprat una estratègia combinada, considerant caràcters fenotípics, d'origen i dades moleculars. La selecció va incloure 47 entrades, sis de tipus "Francés", 15 del tipus "Llarg" i 24 del tipus "Curt". A més, es van seleccionar les úniques entrades del tipus "Molt llarg" i "Blanc" caracteritzades molecularment. Es va confirmar que el conjunt d'entrades seleccionades conservaven la variabilitat / Valcárcel Germes, JV. (2017). Racionalización de la colección de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) del banco de germoplasma del COMAV [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86216 / Compendio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 seabrajunior_s_me_botfca.pdf: 186903 bytes, checksum: f3926e7e138d831fbd97ade8232f3fbd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do volume de substrato e da idade das mudas na produção de pepino japonês ‘Hokuho’ sob ambiente protegido, este trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Horticultura da FCA-UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, no período de março à julho de 2000. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois volumes para substrato (34,6 e 121,2 cm3) e quatro idades de muda (19, 24, 29 e 34 dias após a semeadura). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições na fase de mudas e cinco repetições na estufa. Foram avaliados no dia do transplante, o diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea das mudas e, após o transplante, o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas (altura e o número de folhas da haste principal) a cada dez dias, a produção precoce (percentagem da produção nos primeiros 20 dias de produção) e produção final de frutos (número e massa de frutos e frutos comerciais). Para as condições deste experimento, concluiu-se que as mudas obtidas em maior volume de substrato apresentaram os melhores resultados com relação ao desenvolvimento das mudas para todos os parâmetros estudados nesta fase, plantas com melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo, mais precoces e com maior produção de frutos comerciais. Houve acréscimo em todos os parâmetros estudados na fase de mudas de acordo com o aumento da idade das mesmas para ambos os volumes de substrato. Entretanto, mudas produzidas em volume menor de substrato apresentaram seu crescimento reduzido quando essas eram mais velhas (29 e 34 dias). Não houve influência da idade das mudas no desenvolvimento vegetativo, na precocidade e na produção de frutos comerciais. / The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of the cell size and seedling age in the production of cucumber ' Hokuhoo' under protected cultivation, from March to July of 2000 in the Vegetable Department of Production/Horticulture of FCA-UNESP, Campus Botucatu. The treatments resulted from the combination of two cell container size (34,6 and 121,2 cm3) and four seedling ages (19, 24, 29 and 34 days), were evaluated in a randomized block design, with three replication in the seedlings stage and five replications in field stage. The following characteristics were evaluated, in day of transplant the diameter of the stem, leaf area, seedling height, fresh and dry mass in vegetative growth: length and the number of leaves, each every ten days production: the early production (number and mass of fruits and commercial fruits), being considered the early production at percentage of the production in the first 20 days of production and total production of fruits (number and mass of fruits and commercial fruits). To the conditions of this experiment, it was ended that a larger container size presented the best results with relationship to the seedling development for all the parameters studied in this phase, plants with better vegetative growth, more precocious and with a larger production of commercial fruits. There was an increment in all the parameters studied in the seedling phase in agreement with the increase of the age of the same ones for both cell volumes. However, seedling produced in smaller cell volume had their growth reduced when they were older (29 and 34 days). Ther were not influence of seedling age the vegetative development, in the precocity and in the production of commercial fruits.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ats_me_botfca.pdf: 547682 bytes, checksum: 52b4bf8172f6473b5078259de5aefb54 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial produtivo de 12 linhagens endogâmicas (S5) obtidas a partir de autofecundações sucessivas de duas populações de pepino japonês, população RY (Rensei x Yoshinari) e população TT (Tsuyataro x Taisho) e de 18 híbridos experimentais obtidos a partir do cruzamento entre linhagens no esquema de dialelo parcial circulante interpopulacional. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da FCA/UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu, no período de março de 2007 a julho de 2008. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com 33 tratamentos sendo 18 híbridos experimentais, 12 linhagens e três híbridos comerciais, com quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas as características produção de frutos imaturos (número e massa) por planta, total e comercial, porcentagem de frutos comerciais, massa média de frutos comerciais, comprimento, diâmetro e relação comprimento/diâmetro dos frutos. As médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott- Knott. Para todas as características de produção obtiveram-se uma linhagem (TT2) e seis híbridos experimentais (H16, H26, H11, H43, H54 e H15) tão ou mais produtivos que o melhor híbrido comercial, Tsuyataro. As heteroses dos híbridos para produção de frutos variaram de -20,90 a 45,33% com predomínio de valores positivos, o que mostrou a superioridade dos híbridos em relação à média dos genitores. / The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield potential of 12 inbred lines (S5 ) of two populations of Japanese cucumber: population RY (Rensei x Yoshinari) and population TT (Tsuyataro x Taisho) and 18 experimental hybrids obtained in a diallel partial circling inter population. The experiment was carried out in Experimental Farm São Manuel of FCA/UNESP, Campus Botucatu, in the period from March/2007 to July/2008. The design was randomized blocks, with 33 treatments, 18 experimental hybrids, 12 lines and three commercials hybrids, with four replicates and five plants per plot. The characteristics evaluated were immature fruits yield (number and weight) per plant, total and commercial; percentage of commercial fruits; average weight of commercial fruits; lenght, diameter and relation lenght/diameter of fruits. Treatment means were compared by Scott-Knott test. For all yield characteristics it was obtained a line (TT2) and six experimental hybrids (H16, H26, H11, H43, H54 e H15) as or more yielding than the best commercial hybrid, Tsuyataro. The heteroses of hybrids to yield fruit were from - 20,90 to 45,33%, most of them was positive, showing the superiority of hybrids in relation to parents average.

Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Resumo: Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do volume de substrato e da idade das mudas na produção de pepino japonês 'Hokuho' sob ambiente protegido, este trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Horticultura da FCA-UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, no período de março à julho de 2000. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois volumes para substrato (34,6 e 121,2 cm3) e quatro idades de muda (19, 24, 29 e 34 dias após a semeadura). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições na fase de mudas e cinco repetições na estufa. Foram avaliados no dia do transplante, o diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea das mudas e, após o transplante, o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas (altura e o número de folhas da haste principal) a cada dez dias, a produção precoce (percentagem da produção nos primeiros 20 dias de produção) e produção final de frutos (número e massa de frutos e frutos comerciais). Para as condições deste experimento, concluiu-se que as mudas obtidas em maior volume de substrato apresentaram os melhores resultados com relação ao desenvolvimento das mudas para todos os parâmetros estudados nesta fase, plantas com melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo, mais precoces e com maior produção de frutos comerciais. Houve acréscimo em todos os parâmetros estudados na fase de mudas de acordo com o aumento da idade das mesmas para ambos os volumes de substrato. Entretanto, mudas produzidas em volume menor de substrato apresentaram seu crescimento reduzido quando essas eram mais velhas (29 e 34 dias). Não houve influência da idade das mudas no desenvolvimento vegetativo, na precocidade e na produção de frutos comerciais. / Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of the cell size and seedling age in the production of cucumber ' Hokuhoo' under protected cultivation, from March to July of 2000 in the Vegetable Department of Production/Horticulture of FCA-UNESP, Campus Botucatu. The treatments resulted from the combination of two cell container size (34,6 and 121,2 cm3) and four seedling ages (19, 24, 29 and 34 days), were evaluated in a randomized block design, with three replication in the seedlings stage and five replications in field stage. The following characteristics were evaluated, in day of transplant the diameter of the stem, leaf area, seedling height, fresh and dry mass in vegetative growth: length and the number of leaves, each every ten days production: the early production (number and mass of fruits and commercial fruits), being considered the early production at percentage of the production in the first 20 days of production and total production of fruits (number and mass of fruits and commercial fruits). To the conditions of this experiment, it was ended that a larger container size presented the best results with relationship to the seedling development for all the parameters studied in this phase, plants with better vegetative growth, more precocious and with a larger production of commercial fruits. There was an increment in all the parameters studied in the seedling phase in agreement with the increase of the age of the same ones for both cell volumes. However, seedling produced in smaller cell volume had their growth reduced when they were older (29 and 34 days). Ther were not influence of seedling age the vegetative development, in the precocity and in the production of commercial fruits. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canizares_ka_dr_botfca.pdf: 635684 bytes, checksum: 5786be7fb81c9dd91ec94be500df92fd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de doses de potássio e magnésio sobre o desenvolvimento, produção de frutos, concentração de nutrientes, em diferentes fases fisiológicas do pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) e verificar se o ponto de enxertia fez a função de filtro para esses nutrientes, um experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP-Botucatu. Em plantas de pepino hibrido Hokuho enxertadas em abóbora (Cucurbita sp.) híbrido Excite Ikki, e conduzidas em vasos plásticos de 10 litros de capacidade, foram estudadas quatro doses de potássio (2,3 - 4,6 - 6,9 e 9,2 mmolc.dm-3 ) e quatro de magnésio (4,5 - 9,0 - 13,5 - e 18,0 mmolc.dm-3), mais uma testemunha que correspondeu ao pé-franco com a adubação recomendada (4,6 e 9,0 mmolc.dm-3 de K e Mg). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 17 tratamentos (fatorial 4x4+1) e 4 repetições, 5 plantas/parcela, das quais três foram consideradas úteis. De um modo geral verificou-se que a enxertia e a adubação com os diferentes níveis de potássio e magnésio influenciaram o desenvolvimento da planta, a produção de frutos, o estado nutricional nas diferentes fases fisiológicas e a distribuição dos nutrientes na planta ao final do ciclo. As plantas enxertadas se desenvolveram mais que as não enxertadas, porém, a produção de frutos em kg/m2 não aumentou na mesma proporção. No entanto, sob altas doses de potássio e magnésio, as plantas enxertadas se desenvolveram mais, porém, não aumentaram a produção. As doses de 2,3 mmolc.dm-3 de K e 9,0 mmolc.dm-3 de Mg foram suficientes para atingir a máxima produção. Por outro lado, as menores concentrações... / It was set out an experiment on protected cultivation at FCAUNESP- Botucatu to study magnesium and potassium levels effect on plant development, fruit yield, nutrient concentration, in different physiological stages of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) and verify if grafting point was a filter to these nutrients. Hokuho hybrid cucumber plants were grafted over Excite Ikki hybrid squash (Cucurbita sp.) and planted in plastic pots (10 L). Four potassium levels (2.3 - 4.6 - 6.9 and 9.2 mmolc.dm-3) and four magnesium levels (4.5 - 9.0 - 13.5 and 18.0 mmolc.dm-3) were studied in grafted plants and recommended level (4.6 and 9.0 mmolc.dm-3 of K and Mg, respectively) in plants without grafting (standard). Five replicates of five plants per plot were used to evaluate 17 treatments (factorial 4x4+1) in a randomized block design. In general, grafting and different K and Mg levels influenced plant development, fruit yield, nutritional state at different stages and plant nutrient distribution at end of cycle. Grafted plants developed more than non grafted ones, but fruit yield (kg/m2) did not increase at the same proportion. however, under high potassium and magnesium levels grafted plants developed more, but yield were not increased. K level of 2.3 mmolc.dm-3 and Mg level of 9,0 mmolc.dm-3 were enough to get maximum yield. On the other hand, lesser P, Mg and S concentration and absortion observed in grafted plants leaves, at end of cycle, could be associated to these nutrients redistribution from leaves to fruits, because grafted plants had higher yield, and grafting point or callus of region grafting did not have filter function to any nutrient.

Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Banca: Noberto da Silva / Banca: Cyro Paulino da Costa / Abstract: The objective of this work was evaluate the inbreeding depression with successive generations of self-pollination in a cucumber "caipira" population (S0, S1, S2, S3; S4 e S5), obtained by crossing Safira x Hatem hybrids. Two experiments were accomplished: one to evaluate immature fruits production and another to analyze the mature fruits production, seed quality and yield. The experimental design of both experiments were randomized blocks, in the first with seven treatments (different generations of self pollination - S0 to S5 and the hybrid Safira), six replicates and five plants per plot and in the second the same seven treatments, four replicates and five plants per plot. In the first experiment (immature fruits) was number of leaves, length of the main stem, number and weight of fruits, total and commercial, number of nodes and vines percentage were evaluated. In the second experiment (mature fruit) the following traits were evaluated characteristic: seed number and weight per plant and per fruit and seed quality (germination test, first counted of seeds, index of germination speed and weight of 100 seeds). The averages were compared by the Tukey test (5%) and the evaluation of the inbreeding depression was made with regression analysis. In the experiment 1 smaller production of fruits was observed (total and commercial) starting from population S2, demonstrating possible vigor loss. The populations S0 and S1 were similar or superiors for the characteristics number of total fruits, total weight per plant and commercial weight per plant when compared to the hybrid Safira, demonstrating the potencial of this population to obtain a new cultivar or hybrid of the "caipira" type. The experiment two there was no statistical difference for all the appraised characteristics, showing that the inbreeding didn't affect the production and quality of the seeds in this population. / Mestre