Globalisation and the quest for competitiveness in a global market represents a new era of connectedness within public-private networks of experts in an effort to pursue research objectives in advanced technology industries. Balancing the competing interests of public good and private gain, reducing the barriers in terms of access to knowledge and intellectual property and ensuring that efforts result in socially valuable outcomes in the form of new innovations can be difficult, to say the least. <p>Although widely advocated and implemented, collaborations have not, as yet, been fully examined nor have appropriate performance evaluation models been developed to evaluate them. This dissertation hypothesizes that a history of social relationships or collaborative activity amongst network actors is positively correlated with high performance in networks. Incorporating descriptive statistics with the social network analysis tool, this dissertation proposes and tests a novel framework and compares two distinct Genome Canada funded research networks. Other factors explored are the roles of proximity, institution and research focus in characterizing network structure and in affecting performance.

The economy of Taiwan grows fast in the last few years. The traditional industry moves overseas because of the factors of the cost, environment issue...etc. Moreover, people want better quality of living that makes the technology and the high-technology industry of Taiwan improve fast. In the past, the tradition industry focuses on visible property, for example: land, factory buildings and machines. The high-technology industry emphasizes the property that is invisible called ¡§Intellectual Property Rights¡¨. It is included interary property rights, patent rights, trademark right, opening secrets, and IC. It not only supports the development of the high-technology and competition in marketing but also brings in a large amount of license fees. On the other hand, compare with other industries, the environment of the computer software industry is different from others¡¦ so that it has to face different problems. However, the copies of the computer software prevail nowadays. How to protect computer software has been an important issue. Therefore, the companies of the computer software industry have to increase their own competition ability and even stop their opponents to enter the markets. It is necessary to acquire the computer software patent. The way to acquire the patent of the software depends on the quality of the technique and knowing the patent law opinions of the patent examiners and how they examine the patent applications. There is a probe into the opinion of the patent examination system to software patent in this article and the way of gathering and analyzing real cases is used. In conclusion, computer software patent is¡¨ a technique of using computer software¡¨. It is an invention that fit the patent laws of our country and the rules of examination of patent. The techniques of computer software inventions combine the business models and the related techniques of computer software. Therefore, In this article, the related law rules of intellectual property rights, the allowed computer software patents and the related documents about computer software are standers for patent protection. Those are the basic reference materials that provide related industries ways of protection after computer software invented. Hopefully, the research can clear out the related problems that the computer software applicants might face.

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Firstly, this Study focuses on ¡§Border Measures¡¨ in World Trade Organization¡]WTO¡^Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights¡]TRIPS¡^and in World Customs Organization¡]WCO¡^¡§Model Legislation¡¨. These two measures appear to form the backbone of China Intellectual Property Rights¡]IPR¡^ border protection for the time being. Other reasons for China Customs to implement IPR protection are U.S-China IPR MOUs. Secondly, after this explanatory study on China Customs¡¦ border measures, we find some structural problems existing in PRC¡¦s¡]People¡¦s Republic of China¡^General Administration of Customs¡]GAC¡^ that IPR infringements couldn¡¦t be eliminated at all. Owing to the PRC¡¦s special political-economic conditions, China Customs¡¦ IPR border measures cannot achieve the international standard. They cannot effectively limit the import/export of infringements or counterfeit goods. In their enactment as well as in enforcement of IPR border measures, China Customs still has a long way to go.

This is a study on the compliance of China to the World Trade Organization¡¦s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) before and after China¡¦s accession to WTO. The study on pre-accession period focuses on the enactment of China¡¦s patent, copyright and trademark laws in the light of the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. It also focuses China¡¦s adoption, revisions and amendments of the constitution, administrative, criminal, civil, judicial, and legal professional laws and procedures to make enforcements of the intellectual property rights law effective. It likewise shows how the enactment of these laws consistent with the TRIPS Agreement is contributing to the development of the institutions of private property and the rule of law. The result shows that while the pre-accession to WTO would indicate China¡¦s substantial compliance to the TRIPS Agreement, it also focuses on some weaknesses in the laws on the determination of what violation would constitute a criminal act. This problem would manifest later after accession. The post-accession period sharply focuses on the performance of China in the enforcement of their obligations under the TRIPS regime after 2001. The assessment of China¡¦s performance in enforcement focuses on the infringement cases, the complaints filed against China before the dispute settlement mechanisms of WTO, and the multilateral and bilateral reviews on China¡¦s laws and enforcement effort after its accession to WTO. The result shows the over-reliance of China on the administrative rather than the judicial remedies in its internal enforcement effort which resulted in the weak performance of infringement deterrence. The result also notes the shift from the reliance on internal to external measures in the enforcement of intellectual property rights by the trading partners headed by US. The result of the study which shows continuing reforms in the intellectual, civil, criminal and administrative laws after WTO accession to precisely address the issues raised against China in its enforcement effort is an indication of China¡¦s willingness to play by the international rules. While the reforms have not been met with optimism, the WTO¡¦s TRIPS regime provides a sufficient mechanism to deal with China¡¦s TRIPS violations, and more importantly China is positively responding to it.

China¡¦s IPR problem has been an important issue since 1979, and particularly so when competition between China and U.S for power and interest. The Chinese government directed several IPR policies which have had low efficiency. This research analyses the policy-making, the implementation, the feedback, and the adaptation of China¡¦s IPR policies by using system theory and public policy theory. Another focus of this research is to demonstrate China¡¦s problems in effect of internal and external influences. The research found that the formulation of China¡¦s IPR policies is deeply affected by internal and external factors, and the effect factor of implementation process in China is almostly the most important one, among the factors.

<p>Denna uppsats söker utröna gällande svensk rätt avseende möjligheten att nyttja upphovsrättsskyddat material utan upphovsmannens samtycke, så kallade <em>upphovsrättsinskränkningar</em>. Denna typ av bestämmelser har sin grund i artikel 9(2) Bernkonventionen och har sedermera utvecklats genom diverse andra internationella överenskommelser. Mest intressant är hur dessa upphovsrättsinskränkningar förhåller sig till modern teknik, främst gällande upphovsrättsskyddat material på Internet.</p><p>I svensk rätt har ett antal upphovsrättsinskränkningar vållat problem för upphovsmän, däribland undantaget om privat bruk som medger att bruk av upphovsrättsskyddade verk i privatlivet inte alltid utgör ett intrång i upphovsrätten. Denna inskränkning i upphovsrätten har förelegat särskilt olämplig att upprätthålla då uppkomsten av Internet har inneburit en allt för långtgående möjlighet att framställa exemplar av upphovsrättsskyddade verk för privat bruk. Med implementeringen av diverse internationella överenskommelser i svensk rätt har undantaget om privat bruk utvecklats för att bättre bevara upphovmännens intressen.</p><p>Uppsatsen visar vilka förutsättningar som måste vara uppfyllda för att undantaget om privat bruk skulle kunna hävdas. Vidare visas att bestämmelsen om kopiering för privat bruk numera kräver en laglig förlaga för att kunna komma i fråga, något som gör nedladdning av olovligt material från Internet olagligt.</p><p>Datorprogram, som inte omfattas av undantaget om privat bruk, kan dock under vissa förutsättningar ändå kopieras för privat bruk då lagen undantar en sådan handling från straffsanktion.</p>

Extended Essays (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Extended Essays (School of Communication) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Comparative Literature, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.) in Spatial Information Science and Engineering--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-166).