El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The present research aims to compare the different technologies that allow real-time communication between Android and iOS devices. We conducted a measurement-driven experiment to test the performance of each technology under different scenarios. We determine their functionality according to the environment for which they have been developed, showing competent information about their capabilities based on the communication channel they use, and their performance measured in milliseconds. The final results allow mobile application developers to determine which technologies suits them the best, based on the specific context of their projects. / Revisión por pares

A problem with having a fast and wide production of different platforms for mobile devices is that you can’t code for one and deploy on all devices at the same time. This thesis is focused on cross-plat1form development environments for smartphones and mainly to see what options there are on the market. This report will investigate how well a cross-compiler solution compares to hybrid cross-platform development. To do this we took a closer look at their architecture and then compared this with the results from different tests made. All the tests were made on the same smartphone to ensure fairness between them. All the tests strive to be as equal as possible even though the languages might differ from each other. The tested frameworks were PhoneGap, Qt, Unity3D and GameMaker. The different tests were about performance, power consumption, difficulty in accessing web browsers to perform HTML parsing and lastly to see if the platforms can access different native APIs such as the camera and accelerometer. The previously mentioned topics were compared between all the frameworks. We also compared the documentation found on their webpage to figure out which is the easiest to get started on.

Modeling is an essential discipline that is especially important in the field of software engineering. Students and developers alike employ models to describe systems on an abstract level, capture requirements, and communicate with other teams. For that purpose, UML diagrams are usually the instrument of choice. Over the course of the last decade, mobile devices increased in prevalence and popularity and flexible work arrangements were introduced in a larger number of workplaces. Effective collaboration is more important than ever. However, the tools have not kept up with these developments. There exists no semantics-aware mobile modeling application that supports collaboration in real time, a gap in the market. This thesis investigates existing applications in the mobile modeling space and their shortcomings, technologies for developing cross-platform apps, and methodologies for facilitating conflict-free collaboration. Based on the findings, it conceptualizes and implements CoMod, a proof of concept allowing users to collaboratively edit UML class diagrams in real time. The system consists of a Flutter-based client application for Android and iOS and a Node.js-based server executable. These components utilize conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) to merge participants' changes and communicate via WebSocket connections. Moreover, CoMod's feasibility is evaluated by means of a case study investigating the system's scalability and performance characteristics. It has been shown that CoMod is able to handle common use cases arising in software engineering teams or group projects at university. It is further kept sufficiently general to allow other types of models to be supported without having to alter the entire system.:1 Introduction 1.1 Requirements 1.2 Problem Description 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Structure 2 Background 2.1 Software Modeling 2.1.1 Unified Modeling Language 2.2 Cross-Platform Application Development 2.2.1 Web Apps 2.2.2 Hybrid Apps 2.2.3 Native cross-platform apps 2.2.4 Summary 2.3 Real-Time Collaboration 2.3.1 Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) 2.3.2 Operational Transformation 3 Related Work 3.1 Astah UML 3.2 Lucidchart 3.3 System Designer 3.4 Summary 4 Concept 4.1 Objectives 4.2 User Interface 4.3 Data Model 4.4 Collaboration 4.4.1 Conflict handling 4.4.2 System architecture 4.4.3 Client-server communication 4.5 Summary 5 Solution 5.1 Client 5.1.1 Walkthrough 5.1.2 Data model 5.1.3 JavaScript subsystem 5.1.4 Dependencies 5.2 Server 5.2.1 Dependencies 5.3 Collaboration 5.3.1 Client-server communication 5.3.2 Client data flow 5.4 Testing 5.4.1 Unit tests 5.4.2 Integration tests 5.4.3 End-to-end tests 5.5 Extensibility 6 Evaluation 6.1 Case Study 6.2 Technical Analysis 6.2.1 Test data generator 6.2.2 Client analysis 6.2.3 Server analysis 6.3 Threats to Validity 7 Conclusion 7.1 Fulfillment of Objectives 7.2 Future Work Acronyms Bibliography