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The purpose of my master thesis is to analyse the incorporation of Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control in the Czech legal order, show the strengths and weaknesses of current regulations and to find some solution. The thesis is composed of chapters, each of them concerning different aspects of integrated pollution prevention and control (hereinafter "IPPC"). Chapter One is introductory and explains origin of environmental protection. Chapter Two concentrates on sources of regulation of IPPC, firstly explain the role of international law in environmental protection. The chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One presents the evolution of environmental law of the European Union and Part Two focuses on Czech legislation of IPPC. Chapter Three deals with the principles of the IPPC regulations. The fundamental principles are principles of prevention, highest value, sustainable development, integrated protection, best available techniques and participation of public. The basic legal instruments of the IPPC are treated in Chapter Four which is subdivided into three parts. Part One deals with the integrated permit; Part Two describes subjects of regulation of the IPPC and Part Three its obligations. Chapter Five concerning the procedure to issue integrated permits...

<p> </p><p>Föremål för denna magisteruppsats i offentlig rätt är det EG-rättsliga IPPC-direktivet om samordnade åtgärder för att förebygga och begränsa föroreningar. Syftet har varit att undersöka direktivets implikationer på den svenska rätten. Fokus har legat på direktivets processuella delar som anknyter till principerna om god förvaltning, samt den processuella och institutionella autonomin. Uppsatsen har visat på att direktivet innefattar flera aspekter av god förvaltning som inverkar på den svenska rätten, men även att många av dessa redan innan genomförandet varit en del av den svenska rättsordningen. Samtidigt har uppsatsen visat på att direktivet inte nämnvärt begränsar medlemsstaternas processuella eller institutionella autonomi. Inom ramen för miljörätten, som IPPC-direktivet är ett uttryck för, har det dessutom undersökts hur rätten till en god miljö erkänns inom olika rättsordningar, med betoning på EU och dess medlemsstater, och hur den är kopplad till god förvaltning. Likaså har en europeisering av förvaltningsrätten diskuterats i uppsatsen.</p><p> </p>

Föremål för denna magisteruppsats i offentlig rätt är det EG-rättsliga IPPC-direktivet om samordnade åtgärder för att förebygga och begränsa föroreningar. Syftet har varit att undersöka direktivets implikationer på den svenska rätten. Fokus har legat på direktivets processuella delar som anknyter till principerna om god förvaltning, samt den processuella och institutionella autonomin. Uppsatsen har visat på att direktivet innefattar flera aspekter av god förvaltning som inverkar på den svenska rätten, men även att många av dessa redan innan genomförandet varit en del av den svenska rättsordningen. Samtidigt har uppsatsen visat på att direktivet inte nämnvärt begränsar medlemsstaternas processuella eller institutionella autonomi. Inom ramen för miljörätten, som IPPC-direktivet är ett uttryck för, har det dessutom undersökts hur rätten till en god miljö erkänns inom olika rättsordningar, med betoning på EU och dess medlemsstater, och hur den är kopplad till god förvaltning. Likaså har en europeisering av förvaltningsrätten diskuterats i uppsatsen.

The introduction of an IPPC proceedings into Czech law has been executed through implementation of requirements of Directives enacted at the level of European Communities and subsequently at the level of European Union and Czech republic was obliged to implement the content of the Directives by being a member state of those international organizations. During the IPPC proceedings of application for an integrated permit the participants and other subjects who can express their statement on the application a chance to influence the final content of an integrated permit. This influence subsequently might change the conditions of operation of large industrial and agricultural compounds and the emission limits binding for the operator of such compounds. This thesis focuses on an evaluation of possibilities to protect the environment through IPPC during the proceedings of application for an integrated permit, through managing the way of establishing the emission limits within the obligatory conditions of operation and through an influence of preceding proceeding and subsequent proceedings, which are part of allowing the intended activity of the operator.

The diploma thesis covers themes of pollution intensity of production, informal environmental regulation and voluntary approaches. The theoretical part of thesis consists of main theories and empirical results of environmental regulation and impacts on manufacturing production. In the practical part author presents the econometric model of emission intensity equilibria is designed. Plants observations are gathered from IRZ registry in period 2005-2011 and air pollution is proxied by PM10 and C8H8 emissions. Following econometric analysis of emission intensity equilibria measures an influence by factors of production function and environmental regulation variables on intensity. As results have shown, significance of factors such as voluntary approaches, IPPC and socio-economic specifics haven't been proved. On the other hand statistically significant factors are firm's size and average wage of employees.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 938313 bytes, checksum: d2f748450594cfaea7fd57653c78d5fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-21 / In the last decades, the incremental amount of global commercial changes increased considerably the likelihood of introduction of quarantine pests. The Regulated Wood Packaging Material MEMR pose a high risk pathway to introduction of quarantine pests. In 2002, the transit of these regulated articles was harmonized internationally by The International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures n. 15. The rule requires the compulsory treatment of MEMR in the country of origin of the shipment and provides, among other phytosanitary measures, phytosanitary inspection of consignments. Nevertheless, there are few published data regarding operational procedures adopted by countries in ports, airports and border crossings. Considering the principles of International Plant Protection Convention IPPC, the procedures of phytosanitary inspection were established by each National Plant Protection Organizations NPPO from each country that signed the Convention. In Brazil, it is applied under the normative act SDA/MAPA no 04/2004 as an emergency regulation, which determines the phytosanitary inspection of all shipments containing MEMR, what in practice, makes it impossible to be implemented considering the lack of previous information about the presence of MEMR in consignment, the amount of imported containers and the restriction of existing human and operational resources. The procedure established as an emergency basis, ends up increasing the delay in releasing the imported consignments in points of entry and contributes to massive bureaucratic regulations. Such conditions play important role for Brazil negative index in the international rankings associated with competitiveness. The aim of the present study was to characterize the imported consignments classified as the major risk for introduction of pests, sent to Port of Santos, to support the review of brazilian rules and to promote some adaptation regarding the risk management and minimal impact, as principle of IPPC. Furthermore, this study will add the risk management in the new module of SIGVIG system, which it will computerize the database for controlling phytosanitary xinspections of MEMR conducted in ports, airports and border crossings in the near future. Initially, previous data from phytosanitary inspections in Port of Santos were ranged from 2008 to 2012 for developing a statistical model able to identify the imported non-compliant consignments and the likelihood of presence of MEMR through logistic regression using data from Origin, Importer and classification of goods under the Harmonized System (HS code or NCM). The validation of model developed was used as a new collection data from phytosanitary inspections made in 2013. It was concluded that the new system was suitable for predicting and selecting consignments that contains MEMR. The model developed can be implemented to new module SIGVIG, increasing the efficiency of phytosanitary inspections conducted by VIGIAGRO/MAPA in brazilian ports, airports and border crossings and contributing to increase the Brazil s competitiveness in international trade. / O incremento no volume das trocas comerciais globais nas últimas décadas aumentou consideravelmente a probabilidade de entrada de pragas quarentenárias, sendo que os materiais de embalagens de madeira regulamentados - MEMR, foram identificados como uma via de ingresso de alto risco para a introdução de pragas florestais, sendo que, a partir de 2002, o trânsito destes materiais passou a ser harmonizado internacionalmente através da Norma Internacional de Medidas Fitossanitárias no 15. A norma prevê o tratamento obrigatório dos MEMR no país de origem do envio e prevê, dentre outras medidas fitossanitárias, a inspeção fitossanitária dos envios importados, embora exista pouca literatura publicada sobre procedimentos operacionais adotados pelos países em portos, aeroportos e postos de fronteira. Considerando o princípio da soberania da Convenção Internacional de Proteção dos Vegetais - CIPV, os procedimentos para a inspeção fitossanitária acabam por ser definidos por cada Organização Nacional de Proteção Fitossanitária ONPF do país signatário da Convenção. No Brasil, vigora emergencialmente a Instrução Normativa SDA/MAPA no 04/2004 que condiciona a inspeção fitossanitária de todos os envios que contenham MEMR, o que na prática se torna impossível de ser executado, considerando a falta de informação prévia da presença de MEMR no envio, a quantidade de contêineres importados e a limitação de recursos humanos e operacionais existentes. O procedimento estabelecido emergencialmente acaba por aumentar ainda mais a demora na liberação aduaneira de envios importados e contribui para regulamentação burocrática excessiva, que sempre são índices negativos para o Brasil nos rankings de viiiavaliação de competitividade internacional. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho, caracterizar os envios importados através do Porto de Santos como de maior risco a introdução de pragas, de forma a subsidiar a revisão da norma brasileira, adequando-a aos princípios de manejo de risco e impacto mínimo previstos na CIPV, além de possibilitar a inclusão desta ferramenta no novo módulo do Sistema SIGVIG, que informatizará e irá controlar futuramente as inspeções fitossanitárias de MEMR em portos, aeroportos e postos de fronteira no Brasil. Inicialmente, foram levantados os dados com os resultados das inspeções fitossanitárias no Porto de Santos entre os anos de 2008 a 2012 para o desenvolvimento de um modelo estatístico que pudesse identificar os envios que contivessem não conformidades e a presença de MEMR através de regressão logística, utilizando dados como Origem, Importador e o código do Sistema Harmonizado (HR) presente no envio (NCM). A validação do modelo desenvolvido foi realizada utilizando um novo conjunto de dados referentes as inspeções fitossanitárias do ano de 2013, que concluíram por demonstrar um bom desempenho na predição e seleção de partidas que continham MEMR. O modelo desenvolvido poderá vir a ser implementado no novo módulo do SIGVIG, aumentando a eficácia das inspeções fitossanitárias conduzidas pelo VIGIAGRO/MAPA em Portos, Aeroportos e Postos de Fronteira brasileiros e contribuindo para aumentar a competividade do Brasil no comércio exterior.

La directive européenne, dite IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) impose aux industries à fort potentiel de pollution d‟avoir recours aux meilleures techniques disponibles (MTD) afin d‟atteindre un meilleur niveau de protection de l‟environnement dans l‟Union Européenne. La transposition des contraintes de cette directive européenne en législation française oblige notamment les industriels à réaliser une étude comparative de leur procédés de production à des techniques dites MTD, via un bilan de fonctionnement décennal. Ces MTD de référence sont regroupées par secteurs d‟activité dans des guides techniques élaborés au niveau européen (BREF). L‟analyse du contexte européen et français s‟est basée sur des entretiens et une étude bibliographique. Elle a montré que les principales difficultés résident dans la compréhension du concept de MTD et des guides techniques (les BREFs), dans le peu de synergie existant entre les parties prenantes mais aussi dans le manque de méthodologies d‟évaluation reconnues au regard de la directive IPPC, malgré douze considérations affichées par la directive dans son annexe IV. L‟évaluation et l‟application sont d‟autant moins aisées qu‟une technique est MTD en fonction du contexte local. La connaissance de la sensibilité du milieu récepteur est donc primordiale. Cette thèse propose une méthodologie d‟évaluation des performances environnementales de techniques en vue de les comparer puis de les valider ou non "meilleures techniques disponibles", en mettant en évidence les atouts et les limites de cette méthode. Sur un plan méthodologique, nous avons décidé de renforcer la légitimité de notre méthode en créant un groupe de travail volontaire, participant à la construction de la méthodologie L-BAT. Une démarche en quatre étapes a été créée ((1) analyse du niveau de performance des technologies au cas par cas (2) analyse du niveau de performance du système de gestion de l‟environnement et des risques (3) analyse du niveau de performance globale de l‟installation (4) analyse du niveau de performance de l‟installation avec prise en compte de la sensibilité des milieux). Trois outils sont associés à ces étapes ((1) une grille de lecture simplifiée d‟un BREF (2) un formulaire d‟évaluation thématique (3) une grille d‟évaluation de la sensibilité des milieux). En outre, notre méthodologie propose une grille d‟évaluation globale multi-milieux de la sensibilité du milieu local. Par ailleurs, une réflexion théorique a permis de positionner notre méthodologie par rapport à d‟autres méthodologies d‟évaluation existantes telles que l‟analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) ou l‟évaluation des performances environnementales (EPE).

European Union&amp / #8217 / s Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive forms a comprehensive framework for industries mentioned in the Annex 1 of the Directive concentrating on the reduction of the environmental impacts of the industrial activities which can be implemented by the BREF Documents that provide guidelines for each sector. Among those industries, textile is a water and energy intensive one. In the present study, gains in terms of energy and water consumptions were assessed in a denim producing textile mill following the adaptation of related BAT measures. In this respect, installation of flow meters, use of semi-counter current rinsing applications / minimization of wash waters in the water softening plant, reuse of concentrate stream from reverse osmosis plant and compressor cooling waters resulted in reduction from 6,000 to 4,850 tone/day of total water consumption in the period of January&amp / #8217 / 05-December&amp / #8217 / 07. Consequently, specific water consumption in the mill was decreased from 78 to 55 L/kg textile by 29:5% which is close to lower limit of the range suggested in BREF Textile Document (i.e. 50-100 L/kg fabric). Use of waste heat from finishing wastewater streams in heating up the washing waters, heat-insulation and maintenance applications in addition to BAT measures taken for water minimization reduced specific energy consumption from 0.0100 to 0.0091 Gcal/kg textile resulting in 9% reduction in the period of January&amp / #8217 / 05-December&amp / #8217 / 07, although, energy consumption was increased from 786 to 804 Gcal/day. This achieved level of specific energy consumption was in the reference range mentioned in BREF Textile Document (i.e. 8-20 kWh/kg fabric).