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No description available.

Rapid population growth is now one of the biggest socio-economic and consequently, health problems in the world. The significance of this dramatic increase in population becomes apparent when the limited possibilities of socio-economic growth are considered among developing countries. The use of modern contraceptives in order to control birth rates, on the other hand, is rather limited in these countries. / The present study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of family planning programs by Iranian males, who play a major role in all familial decision-making, including the practice of family planning. This research examines subjects' reasoning strategies about practicing family planning. A sample of sixty laborers with various levels of formal education were selected and some methods developed within the domain of cognitive psychology were used in analyzing the data. / The results showed that males, as proposed, play a vital role in decision-making regarding the practice of family planning. Formal education appears to have no significant impact on the subjects' knowledge and attitudes toward issues of family planning. Furthermore, early age of marriage, particularly with respect to the girls, appears to be an accepted phenomenon and has strong roots in the belief systems of the population. / This research has implications for developing educational programs in the domain of health. It is proposed that future research should devote considerable effort to better understand the role of the males in the process of decision-making regarding the practice of family planning.

Is it an activity qualified as torture only when it is carried out for certain purposes? At the heart of the debate lies the question of whether or not corporal punishment is a form of torture. Aspects of corporal punishment remain acceptable according certain religious traditions. An example of this is found in traditional Islamic law, which has banned both torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, when used for the express purpose of obtaining confessions or information. In other circumstances, however, severe corporal punishment is acceptable in Islamic law. As a result, some Islamic states whose domestic law is rooted in traditional Islamic law, justify their use of torture by invoking Islamic traditions: they claim that corporal punishment is derived from God's will. These states tend to consider its use as lawful sanctions, and it is made legal under their domestic law. In this paper, Iran is studied as one such state.

Universiẗat, FB Medizin, Diss.--Hamburg, 2005.

DC, American Univ., Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences, Diss.--Washington, 1985. / Literaturverz. S. 341 - 363.

Freiburg i. Br., Univ., Diss., 2007.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1998. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Social Science, University of Glasgow, 1998. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen. / "Sonderabdruck aus den Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 20 für 1973." Pages also numbered 33-197. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-159).

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 30, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-99). Also available in print.