The power of microsatellite markers lies in their ability to identify. Whether it is the identification of genes and associating them with known phenotypes or identifying and discerning individuals from one another, the role they play in the genetic field has been immense. Parentage testing of horses today is done via molecular means as opposed to serology. Microsatellite marker panels are decided upon by bodies such as the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) in order to uphold international genotyping standards. The current horse microsatellite marker panel is not fully characterized and many markers are amplified by primers originally designed for linkage studies and were never intended for multiplex PCR analysis. The aim of this study was to refine and validate the current marker panel used for horses through sequencing of the repeat elements and flanking regions as well as the design of new primers for the setup of a marker panel incorporating more microsatellites and better primers. Sequencing of microsatellite flanking regions revealed that much variation lies within the regions flanking a microsatellite repeat element. Sequencing of the repeat element showed that not all markers are simple repeats, as was previously thought. The primers used to amplify microsatellite markers for horses were re-designed in the course of this study, utilizing knowledge gained from flanking region variation and repeat element length. New primers and known allele sizes allowed for the implementation of a nomenclature system in horses based on repeat element length as opposed to alphabet letters. By incorporating more markers into the panel it was hoped that a greater discriminatory power would be achieved. Measures of genetic diversity such as Observed Heterozygosity and Polymorphism Information Content showed negligible differences between the two panels however genotyping data from the old ISAG panel of nine markers showed that the probability of excluding an individual in a parentage test was better when using more markers. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDRE_ZORATTO_GASTALDO_COMPLETO.pdf: 1361129 bytes, checksum: dbc7c8c4f5ab004118129ecf678044b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:31:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDRE_ZORATTO_GASTALDO_COMPLETO.pdf: 1361129 bytes, checksum: dbc7c8c4f5ab004118129ecf678044b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDRE_ZORATTO_GASTALDO_COMPLETO.pdf: 1361129 bytes, checksum: dbc7c8c4f5ab004118129ecf678044b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / The evolution in human identification through the study of genetic markers STR (Short Tandem Repeats) induced and propitiated the growth also of animal genetic identification. However, contrary to what occurs in the human domain, animal molecular identification still lacks validation of analysis systems and population studies to be considered reliable to the degree required. Only recently the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) has recommended STR markers suitable for individual discrimination in domestic animal species. Accurate animal genetic identification is sought to provide entities, associations, breeders and owners in general with assurances that their animals are in fact derived from reliable breeders. Only reliable and authentic genealogical records will ensure, for example, efficiency in genetic breeding processes. Even though it is a promising area, there are currently only two options in the market for commercial kits for animal genotyping. But its use has been deferred by specialized laboratories in the field, which end up preparing their own identification panels, using the recommended genetic markers to meet their local demands more specifically. However, if the frequencies of the alleles present in these genetic markers in the study population are not known and the real power of discrimination that they provide is not estimated, the analyzes performed and the results obtained may generate misleading or imprecise interpretations. In the present study, three panels of STR genetic markers were used with all loci recommended by ISAG, capable of identifying equine, bovine and canine individuals. Allelic frequencies and other parameters such as heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, power of exclusion and power of discrimination were obtained from significant samples in breeds present in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil), Uruguay and Paraguay, to be used in the practice of animal genetics for identification purposes. In addition, comparative population studies within and among breeds were also carried out, in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of the animal populations studied. / O avan?o da identifica??o molecular humana pelo estudo dos marcadores gen?ticos STR (Short Tandem Repeats) induziu e propiciou o crescimento tamb?m da identifica??o gen?tica animal. Contudo, ao contr?rio da ?rea humana, a identifica??o molecular animal ainda carece de valida??es dos sistemas de an?lise e de estudos populacionais para que seja considerada fidedigna no grau que se necessita. Apenas recentemente a ISAG (International Society for Animal Genetics) recomendou marcadores STR adequados para discrimina??o individual em esp?cies de animais dom?sticos. A identifica??o gen?tica animal exata e precisa ? buscada para fornecer, a entidades, associa??es, criadores e propriet?rios em geral, garantias de que seus animais s?o, de fato, oriundos de reprodutores confi?veis. Apenas registros geneal?gicos fidedignos e aut?nticos garantir?o, por exemplo, efici?ncia nos processos de melhoramento gen?tico. Mesmo sendo uma ?rea promissora, neste momento h? somente duas op??es no mercado de kits comerciais para genotipagem animal. Mas seu uso tem sido preterido por laborat?rios do ramo, os quais acabam preparando seus pr?prios pain?is (in house) de identifica??o, utilizando os marcadores gen?ticos recomendados para atender suas demandas locais de forma customizada. Contudo, se n?o forem conhecidas as frequ?ncias dos alelos presentes nestes marcadores gen?ticos na popula??o em estudo e n?o for estimado o real poder de discrimina??o que estes fornecem, as an?lises realizadas e os resultados obtidos poder?o gerar interpreta??es equivocadas ou imprecisas. No presente trabalho, foram utilizados tr?s pain?is de marcadores gen?ticos STR com todos os loci recomendados pela ISAG, capazes de identificar indiv?duos equinos, bovinos e caninos. Frequ?ncias al?licas e outros par?metros como heterozigosidade, conte?do de informa??o de polimorfismo, poder de exclus?o e de discrimina??o foram obtidos a partir de amostras significativas em ra?as presentes no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, no Uruguai e no Paraguai, para que sejam usados na pr?tica da gen?tica animal com fins de identifica??o. Al?m disso, estudos populacionais comparativos dentro e entre ra?as tamb?m foram realizados, com o intuito de avaliar a diversidade gen?tica das popula??es animais estudadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4785_1.pdf: 2053676 bytes, checksum: 4488fd4b409aa3a019d7c7d4f2b8752e (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Atualmente, as organizações procuram dispor de um sistema computacional que auxilie na tomada de decisões estratégicas, a fim de agregar vantagens a seus negócios. Entretanto, grande parte dessas organizações possui ferramentas distintas para o tratamento de dados de natureza analítica e geográfica. Isso muitas vezes acarreta um grande desperdício de tempo e processamento para realizar consultas que englobem, simultaneamente, dados de ambas as naturezas. Várias pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas para integrar as funcionalidades de análise disponíveis nos sistemas de processamento analítico e geográfico. O objetivo principal dessas pesquisas é proporcionar aos usuários um sistema capaz de processar simultaneamente dados geográficos e multidimensionais, abstraindo a complexidade existente em consultar e analisar estes dados separadamente em um processo de tomada de decisões. Porém, a maioria destas pesquisas não satisfaz alguns requisitos importantes como independência de plataforma e provisão de funcionalidades integradas. É neste contexto que se insere o presente trabalho, que propõe o modelo ISAG para integração de serviços analíticos e geográficos para suporte à decisão na Web. Este modelo foi implementado por um serviço chamado GMLA Web Service, o qual é fortemente baseado em tecnologias padronizadas como Web Services, Java e XML. Os resultados das consultas processadas pelo GMLA WS são visualizados graficamente em um browser Web por meio de tabelas e/ou mapas, auxiliando os usuários em seu processo de tomada de decisões