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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Causation in private enforcement of competition law: a comparative analysis of divergent national approaches

Lombardi, Claudio January 2015 (has links)
Competition law damages actions are often characterised by the uncertainty of the causal connection between the infringement and the harm. The anticompetitive damage consists in a pure economic loss caused by a market distortion. Here, the complexity of the market structures, combined with the interdependence of individuals’ assets, fuel this causal uncertainty. The recently adopted Damages Directive, in line with the decisions of the Court of Justice of the EU, established a regime based on the compensatory principle, consequently giving central importance to the definition and to the assessment of the causal connection between the infringement of competition law and the harm suffered. Surprisingly, the Directive provides no guidance to the assessment of the causal connection. By consequence, national courts apply domestic principles of causations, which are deeply rooted in their legal traditions. This thesis first addresses the concept of causation in competition law damages actions, discussing the main and more relevant approaches in tort law theory. Therefore, it describes the different solutions for the assessment of causation in competition law adopted by national courts and critically analyses the approach laid down by the European Union law and Courts. In order to examine in depth the reasons of the causal uncertainty in competition law damages actions, it delves into the analysis of the proof of causation and of the use of econometrics. The underlying comparative analysis serves, from a practical perspective, to observe how judges engage the problem of causal uncertainty in competition damages actions, while, from a theoretical standpoint, it addresses and complements the research of appropriate approaches.
62

NOVEL FOOD: LA NORMATIVA DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA TRA SICUREZZA ALIMENTARE, SFIDE DELLA TECNICA E TUTELA DELL'AFFIDAMENTO / Novel food: food safety, technical challenges and protection of expectetions in the Eutopean Union law.

LA PORTA, BEATRICE 02 April 2019 (has links)
La produzione normativa degli ultimi decenni in campo alimentare permette di evidenziare come sussista una sempre crescente attenzione verso la scienza da parte del diritto e la costante tendenza della dottrina a ripensare, alla luce delle evoluzioni registrate, il legame esistente tra ambiti distinti ma legati tra loro in modo indissolubile. In una globale progressione della sensibilità del legislatore europeo verso le esigenze di garanzia del corretto funzionamento del mercato nonché di una crescente tutela del consumatore e della sua sicurezza, la normativa in materia di nuovi alimenti ha cercato di trovare un equilibrio tra la spinta innovatrice che, da anni, interessa l’intero settore alimentare e le plurime necessità di operatori e consumatori che richiedono prodotti dalle caratteristiche sempre più definite e idonee a soddisfare un ampio ventaglio di preferenze. Assumendo che “la capacità della tecnica è la potenza effettiva di realizzare indefinitamente scopi e di soddisfare indefinitamente bisogni” ben si comprende come quello dei novel food risulti essere un caso paradigmatico di incontro tra scienza, bisogni del mercato e regole giuridiche e come si sia esteso l’interesse sul tema, portando a porre interrogativi sempre più complessi anche in relazione alle modalità di regolamentazione delle novità in campo scientifico. / The last decades' lawmaking in the food field highlights the increasing attention towards science and got lawyers rethinking about the link existing between law and science. In a progression of the European legislator's sensitivity to guarantee the market as well as the food consumers and their safety, the EU legislation on novel foods has tried to balance food innovation and the multiple needs of operators and consumers who require products with increasingly more defined characteristics and suitable to satisfy a wide range of preferences. If "the capacity of the technique is the effective power to achieve goals and to satisfy needs indefinitely" is easy to understand how the novel food turns out to be a paradigmatic case of an encounter between science, market needs and juridical rules. Furthermore, the increasing interest in the food sector raises the question of which methods of regulation of scientific innovations apply.
63

LA CESSIONE DI PRODOTTI AGROALIMENTARI: DALLA DISPARITA' DI POTERE CONTRATTUALE AL RIEQUILIBRIO DEL CONTRATTO. TUTELA DEL CONTRAENTE DEBOLE ED EFFICIENZA DEL MERCATO

ROSSI, ARIANNA 14 December 2018 (has links)
L’art. 62 del d.l. n. 1 del 2012, che riecheggia lo schema della Legge n. 192 del 1998, ma nello specifico settore agroalimentare, prevede non solo regole di forma, che hanno un obiettivo di protezione della parte debole del rapporto (neoformalismo contrattuale), ma anche regole di contenuto e di comportamento, che intendono prevenire la formazione di contratti iniqui. Lo scopo di questo studio non è soltanto quello di offrire un inquadramento sistematico ad una legislazione che, peraltro, si inserisce in un contesto sempre più frammentato, ma anche quello di analizzare i vari strumenti previsti e di valutare la loro capacità nel perseguimento dello scopo prefissato dalla legislazione, anche attraverso l'applicazione della disciplina generale prevista all'interno del codice civile, alla quale oggi, più che mai, si sente il bisogno di ridare spazio. Il lavoro si dipana lungo quattro capitoli, attraverso un percorso che inizia con l’analisi delle relazioni tra contratto e mercato, tramite un’indagine sistematica sulla nuova disciplina dei contratti, prosegue con l’approfondimento della disciplina dell’articolo 62, per poi analizzare gli strumenti introdotti in relazione all’impatto sull’efficienza del mercato, ed in particolare sul settore agroalimentare, in termini di food safety, food security e accesso al credito. / Article 62 of the d.l. n. 1 of 2012, which echoes the scheme of Law no. 192 of 1998, but in the agri-food sector, provides not only rules of form, which have the objective of protecting the weak part of the relationship (neoformalism), but also rules of content and behavior, which intend to prevent the formation of unfair contracts. The aim of this study is not only to offer a systematic framework for legislation that, moreover, is part of an increasingly fragmented context in italian legislation, but also to analyze the various instruments and to assess their ability to achieve the intended purpose, also through the application of the general principal of civil code which today, more than ever, feels the need to be applied. The work unfolds along four chapters, through a process that begins with the analysis of the relationship between contract and market, through a systematic survey on this new discipline of contracts, continues with the examination of the discipline of Article 62, and then analyze the tools introduced and their impact on the efficiency of the market, and in particular on the agri-food sector, in terms of food safety, food security and access to credit.

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