Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30).

The thesis aims to prove, on the one hand that the second half of the nineteenth century was the period of maximum deviation from the traditional Romanian style of icon-painting and, on the other hand, that the process following the Romanian Orthodox Church's Synod of 1889, in spite of the proclaimed return to a pure Byzantine style, actually has involved the coexistence of at least two main styles of painting: Eastern Mannerist of Byzantine lineage and Western Mannerist of Renaissance persuasion. In addition to this, a mixture of various elements, even in the painting of the same building, is also present, reaching sometimes the point of kitsch. As steps towards this end, my thesis discusses the way in which the tradition of the Orthodox Church regarding icon and wall-painting manifested itself throughout Romanian history, with special emphasis on the period from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day. I investigate whether or not, and how the Romanian modern icons (still) fit into the Byzantine conception of an icon. The thesis presents the same tradition regarding the requirements of the profession of an iconographer, how they were fulfilled in the past and how they are satisfied today in Romania, in both a monastic and a secular milieu. Traditionally, in addition to their skills and artistic training, it is essential that iconographers should be deep believers, have a solid theological training, and live a very pure life. In Chapter 6 I present the answers of 27 Romanian contemporary iconographers to a 17 item questionnaire regarding the way in which they are trained and keep the canonical rules today, the techniques they use in painting and their own attitude towards their work.

The ionosphere is the part of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about 60 km to 1,000 km altitude and contains ionized particles and plasma. In this region at about 150 kilometers above the surface of the earth starts the F region and it extends up to 500 kilometers. The Ionosphere is filled with tenuous gases and is a mixture of neutral and charged particles. These winds do not follow any flow pattern and changes with season, the day's heating and cooling, and incoming bursts of radiation from the sun. In order to study the behavior of these ions and understand this complicated region, NASA has developed the ICON mission. The satellite consists of four major instruments which are IVM, EUV, FUV and MIGHTI. This work is concentrated on the EUV instrument which measures the ionized oxygen densities in the F region of the Ionosphere. Different atmospheric model including the IRI and TIEGCM, along with data obtained from ground-based observations and the ICON FUV instrument will be compared to the ionized oxygen profile, NmF2, HmF2 and various other parameters that are obtained from the EUV. The tool developed for ICON EUV instrument is tested using SSULI data and it agrees with the IRI and TIEGCM model. / Master of Science / The ionosphere is the part of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about 60 km to 1,000 km altitude and contains ionized particles and plasma. In this region at about 150 kilometers above the surface of the earth starts the F region and it extends up to 500 kilometers. The Ionosphere is filled with tenuous gases and is a mixture of neutral and charged particles. In order to study the behavior of these ions and understand this complicated region, NASA has developed the ICON mission. This work is concentrated on retrieving the data from EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) instrument and compares the data with previously obtained data to check how consistent it is.

No description available.

No description available.

The connection between earth and space weather has numerous impacts on spacecraft, radio communications and GPS signals. Thus, predicted & modeling this region is important, yet models (both empirical and first principles) do a poor job of characterizing the variability of this region. One of the main objectives of the NASA ICON mission is to measure the variability of the ionosphere and thermosphere at low-mid latitudes. The MIGHTI instrument on ICON is a Doppler Interferometer that measures the horizontal wind speed and direction with 2 discrete MIGHTI units, separated by 90˚, mounted on the ICON Payload Interface Plate. This work focuses on building a simulation of wind interferometer data, similar to MIGHTI, using a first-principles model as the input dataset, which will be used for early validation and comparison to the MIGHTI data. Using a ray-tracing approach, parameters like O, O2, O+, O2+, T, wind, solar F10.7 index will be read for every point along every ray from the model and brightness and Line of Sight (LOS) wind will be calculated as functions of altitude and time. These data will be compared to the MIGHTI observations to both to establish the limitation of such models, and to validate the ICON data. ICON will help determine the physics of our space environment and pave the way for mitigating its effects on our technology, communications systems and society. However, ICON is yet to launch and due to the unavailability of MIGHTI data, we have selected another instrument called WINDII (Wind Imaging Interferometer) from a different mission UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) to demonstrate the utility of this data-model comparison. Similar to MIGHTI, WINDII measures Doppler shifts from a suite of visible region airglow and measures zonal and meridian winds, temperature, and VER (Volume Emission rate) in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80 to 300 km) from observations of the Earth's airglow. We will use a similar approach discussed for MIGHTI to calculate vertical profile of Redline airglow, Wind velocity, emission rate and compare them with our simulated results to validate our algorithm. We initially thought asymmetry calculation along the Line of Sight (LOS) would be the limiting factor. We believe there are other things going on such as variability in the winds associated with natural fluctuations in the thermosphere, atmospheric waves, inputs from the sun and the atmosphere below etc., appear to be bigger factor than just asymmetry along the line of sight. / The upper Earth atmosphere host’s most of the valuable spacecraft’s and almost all the communication signals go through this portion of the atmosphere. Yet we do not understand what causes variation in the upper atmosphere. In order to answer what’s causing these changes and to understand this complicated region, NASA has developed the ICON mission. ICON we will mainly study the Ionosphere ranging from 90 to 450 km above the earth surface. In this study have developed a tool able to simulate thermospheric wind profiles, O, O2, O+, O2+ densities, Volume emission rate (VER) of green and red line airglow from measurements on the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission from an instrument on board called MIGHTI. However, ICON is yet to launch so do not have MIGHTI to test our algorithm. We chose an instrument which is similar to MIGHTI called Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), from a different mission called Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) to test our algorithm. We initially thought asymmetry calculation along the Line of Sight (LOS) would be the limiting factor. We believe there are other things going on such as variability in the winds associated with natural fluctuations in the thermosphere, atmospheric waves, inputs from the sun and the atmosphere below etc., appear to be bigger factor than just asymmetry along the line of sight.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 29 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 11).

Generators and goal-directed evaluation provide a rich programming paradigm when combined with traditional control structures in an imperative language. Icon is a language whose goal-directed evaluation is integrated with traditional control structures. This integration provides powerful mechanisms for formulating many complex programming operations in concise and natural ways. However, generators, goal-directed evaluation, and related control structures introduce implementation problems that do not exist for languages with only conventional expression evaluation. This dissertation presents an implementation model using recursion that serves as a basis for both an interpreter and a compiler. Furthermore, in the case of the compiler, optimizations can be performed to improve the efficiency of Icon programs, mainly by reducing the general evaluation strategy whenever possible. The dissertation describes a compile-time semantic analysis used to gather information about the properties of expressions and how they are used at their lexical sites. The optimizations that can be performed using this information are illustrated in the context of the compiler model described in the dissertation.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1982. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-260).