Este trabalho tem como objetivo oferecer ao professor de matemática subsídios que permitam desenvolver atividades pedagógicas relacionadas aos conceitos básicos de divisibilidade de números inteiros. Para tanto, optou-se por desenvolvê-las de modo a possibilitar ao aluno a compreensão das ideias matemáticas envolvidas na detecção de erros de digitação em códigos numéricos utilizados nos códigos de barras e também no RG, CPF e ISBN. Vale ressaltar que tais atividades foram inspiradas nas metodologias de Resolução de Problemas e Atividades Investigativas embora, em alguns momentos, fizeram-se necessárias determinadas adaptações de acordo com o conteúdo. Assim, munidos desses elementos, os professores poderão dar aos alunos a oportunidade de desenvolver habilidades e competências da teoria elementar de números, aprimorar seus conhecimentos relacionados a situações do cotidiano e explicitar relações entre matemática e tecnologia. Este trabalho busca, também, despertar o interesse do aluno, que fica motivado ao perceber a aplicabilidade, no cotidiano, dos conceitos matemáticos aqui tratados. / The main objective of the work is to develop educational activities related to the basic concepts of divisibility of integral numbers, providing tools to math school teachers. The way those concepts were presented, creates the proper environment for the student to understand the mathematic logic behind the detection of typing errors in numerical codes, like for example: barcodes, RG, CPF and ISBN. It is noteworthy that the methodology used was inspired by problem solving and investigative activities although, adjustments were made in order to comply with the content. Thus, it is expected that teachers will be able to provide opportunities to their students to develop skills and competences on the domain of elementary number theory, improve their knowledge on daily situations and explain the relationship between mathematics and technology. This work also seeks to arouse the interest of the students, who get motivated when they realize the applicability in daily life of the mathematical concepts covered here.

In this paper, we present a working research prototype codeid-elf for ELF binaries based on its Windows counterpart codeid, which can identify kernels through relocation entries extracted from the binaries. We show that relocation-based signatures are unique and distinct and thus, can be used to accurately determine Linux kernel versions and derandomize the base address of the kernel in memory (when kernel Address Space Layout Randomization is enabled). We evaluate the effectiveness of codeid-elf on a subset of Linux kernels and find that the relocations in kernel code have nearly 100\% code coverage and low similarity (uniqueness) across various kernels. Finally, we show that codeid-elf, which leverages relocations in kernel code, can detect all kernel versions in the test set with almost 100% page hit rate and nearly zero false negatives.

Machine detection and reading of UIC identification codes on railway rolling stock allows for automation of some processes on the railway and makes running of the railway safer and more efficient. This thesis provides insight into the problem of machine text detection and reading. It further proposes and implements a solution to the problem of reading UIC codes in line camera scanned images.