As the use of renewable energy and the implementation of smart grids becomemore prevalent in Europe, there will be a need to ensure that the quality ofpower supply is not compromised during the integration of distributedgeneration to the main grid. Europe's electricity networks should be flexible,accessible, reliable and economic. In the UK, National Grid has standardisedits substation protection and control equipment commissioning andreplacement policies, yet issues affecting system long life availability remain,one reason being long outage periods during substation secondary equipmentinstallation, commissioning and maintenance. The present use of directhardwired point to point connections between the primary power system plantequipment and substation secondary system protection and control devicesdoes not allow for easy upgrading or replacement of these substationsecondary devices without an outage of the primary plant or substation. Outage and the consequent availability problems associated with secondaryequipment can be addressed by the open utility communication architecturestandard IEC 61850. A well-designed simple, highly reliable, secure, flexibleand long-life communication IEC 61850-based architecture can help mitigatethe impact of using protection and control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices).Faulty IEDs can be replaced with little or no interruption to the overall operationof the substation. Interoperability is a key feature of the adoption of IEC 61850in substations. IEC 61850-compliant protection and control devices cancommunicate with one another, even if they made from different manufacturers. This thesis has proposed a simple, long life IEC 61850 based communicationarchitecture which is expected to be flexible and robust enough to cope withboth growth and outages. Reliability analyses have been carried out on varioushypothetical applications of the proposed process bus architecture to NationalGrid substation bays. A detailed description of how to determine the optimalprocess bus architecture using the life cycle cost evaluation technique has beenprovided. The design and implementation of a test bed used for evaluating theperformance characteristics of merging units has been presented. The resultsof the tests have been fed back to National Grid and the manufacturers, whomay then use the data to assist with the drafting of a Merging Unit Test BedSpecification, and also to help the manufacturers to make refinements to themerging units in order to make interoperability more readily achievable.

Informationssäkerhet handlar om att skydda viktig information oavsett format för att garantera dess konfidentialitet, integritet och tillgänglighet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur informationssäkerhet hanteras av kommuner, med fokus på den administrativa verksamheten. Metoden som används är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer som har genomförts i ett urval av Skaraborgs kommuner. Resultaten visar att kommunerna har ett tillräckligt skydd för flera områden men också att det finns områden med brister främst relaterade till rutiner, efterlevnad och utbildning där kommunerna med fördel kan arbeta efter tillgängliga standarder. Som en del av arbetet presenteras även ett antal förbättringsförslag bland annat relaterade till utbildning av användare och ansvariga, som kan användas av kommunerna. Möjliga framtida arbeten inom området är främst relaterade till att ytterligare undersöka informationssäkerheten men det finns också möjligheter att utveckla och anpassa existerande verktyg för kommunal verksamhet.

This diploma thesis focus on matters of improving the software processes in very small enterprises sector. Its main goal is to provide the instruction for implementation of systematic processes and operations in project management and software implementation sphere to that type of company in Czech Republic. It is accomplished by the publication Basic profile of the ISO/IEC 29110 standard translated to Czech. The creation of this publication has been done in open source tool for control of methodical content Eclipse Process Framework Composer. Published profile is simultaneously referencing itself to other manuals, methods and documents created for simplification of its use. The main acquisition of this diploma thesis consists in the manual presentation for improving of the software processes which is available, understandable and also matching with specific needs of very small enterprises. By the application of Basic profile for the ISO/IEC 29110 standard can they prove their processes and in the same time receive the certification ISO/IEC 29110 and increase its competitiveness and role in the market. The thesis is structured in four thematic parts. The first concerns itself on improving of software processes, matters of using the standards and methods and initiatives ensued for its support in very small enterprises. In the other two parts is the ISO/IEC 29110 standard presented and all elements and processes of the published profile are described in detail. The final part contains description of the creation of publication Basic profile ISO/IEC 29110 in Eclipse Process Framework Composer tool.

El presente trabajo muestra la forma de generar un procedimiento para la implementación de enclavamientos en sistemas de Control & Protecciones de subestaciones eléctricas usando el protocolo de comunicación IEC 61850 y Mensajes GOOSE. El objetivo de esto es presentar un nuevo estándar en los sistemas de Control y Protecciones facilitando su implementación, disminuyendo costos de ingeniería y manteniendo su confiabilidad. En particular este procedimiento se implementa en el sistema de Control y Protecciones de la Subestación Principal Esperanza en 220 kV, perteneciente al Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande. Se presenta un marco teórico de los tópicos relacionados con los Sistemas de Control y Protecciones, que incluye la filosofía de Control y Protecciones, una reseña de los IED, los sistemas de comunicaciones para subestaciones y el protocolo IEC 61850, de modo de contextualizar el funcionamiento de los sistemas. Además se describe el proyecto de la Subestación Principal Esperanza 220 kV. A continuación se detalla el procedimiento para implementar los enclavamientos de manera genérica, válida para cualquier aplicación. Se diseñan 2 aplicaciones para el sistema de Control y Protecciones de la Subestación Principal Esperanza. La primera aplicación consiste en crear un enclavamiento para controlar los movimientos de los equipos de patio, enviando la posición de uno de estos equipos por Mensajes GOOSE, lo cual reduce las interconexiones de cableado. La segunda aplicación consiste en dar un respaldo a la función de recierre automático, mostrando la factibilidad de crear aplicaciones no consideradas en la ingeniería inicial. Se presentan las simulaciones realizadas a las aplicaciones descritas. Con éstas se demuestra que las aplicaciones son confiables para reemplazar enclavamientos por hardware del sistema de Control y Protecciones. Adicionalmente se analiza el comportamiento de los Mensajes GOOSE verificando sus características y usos como herramienta de comunicaciones. Finalmente se detallan las ventajas y restricciones para el uso de Mensajes GOOSE en sistemas de Control y Protecciones. Se concluye que el uso del Protocolo IEC 61850 y Mensajes GOOSE es una herramienta innovadora que contribuye a la simplificación de los sistemas de Control y Protecciones, modifica su filosofía, y que, adicionalmente, su estandarización llevará a una mayor automatización de los Sistemas Eléctricos.

This diploma’s thesis deals with information security management system on elementary school. This work is based on long time experience with chosen school and on communication with representatives of elementary school. In this thesis are teoretical basics, specific state, shortcomings and proposed or recommended solutions.

The master`s thesis deals with implementation of security countermeasures in accordance with information security management system for small company. Main concern of the master`s thesis will be design of security countermeasures in company. Solution of the design comes from the analysis of current state of the company including all important parts and assist evaluation which has been processed along with responsible persons.

This diploma thesis deals with the design and implementation of security measures within a selected company. The aim of the work is to create a proposal for measures against possible security threats. The first chapter deals with a general introduction to the issue, describes and defines the concepts from a theoretical point of view. The second part deals with the description of the current state and analysis of selected areas of the company. At the end of this work, we focus on raising awareness of security threats and proposing measures that contribute to increasing the security of information.

This paper is describing the issues of data collection in power distribution networks. It discusses the posibilities of data communication over wide area networks using the communication protocol IEC 60870-5-104, used in power distribution systems for transmission of information over IP networks. Thesis presents 4 technologies, suitable for data collection, with respect to the use of existing infrastructure of the utility. It focuses on design of appropriate data types in correspondence with used IEC 60870-5-104 protocol, and estimates the minimum data requirements for transmission, through proposed hierarchical network, with collecting data concentrators. For verification of given design, simulations are carried out based on proposed data loads with subsequent analysis of network load and transmission delays. Consequently, the results are analyzed and selected parts of network optimized for improvement od selected results, of which causes of formation are discussed in debate.

This master thesis deals with the implementation of the information security management system according to the standard ISO/IEC 27 001 in the environment of a small company. In the first part, it focuses on the theoretical background of the information security. The second part deals with the analysis of the company and concept of a company's measures to increase the security of information within the selected company.

This master thesis describes creation of system for audit support of information security management. In the next chapters I will explain what is the information security, system of information security, audit system and what standards we have for this. Last but not least is described how to create a system for audit support. The whole design is created with usage of standards for quality management and information security management. System is oriented for web environment.