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potentiation of spontaneous transmitter release by IGF-1 at developing neuromuscular synapse.Tsai, Feng-Ru 09 July 2002 (has links)
Successful synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction depends on the precise alignment of the nerve terminals with the postsynaptic specialization of the muscle fiber. It is increasingly apparent that this precision is achieved during development and maintained in the adult through signals exchanged between motoneurons and their target muscle fibers that serve to coordinate their spatial and temporal differentiation. Several aspects of neuronal differentiation appear to be dependent on retrograde signals from the target and studies about synaptic modulation have now focused attention on the characterization of proteins that mediate retrograde signals regulating the organization and function of nerve terminals. According to the published evidences, we find Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I ) might be one of these potential factors.
The acute application of IGF-I, a factor which has been addressed to widely express in developing myocyte, dose-dependently enhances the spontaneous acetylcholine secretion at developing neuromuscular synapses in Xenopus cell culture using whole-cell patch clamp recording. The IGF-I-induced potentiating effect is not abolished when calcium is eliminated from culture medium or bath application of pharmacological calcium channel blocker cadmium, indicating calcium influx through voltage-activated calcium channels are not required. We further define the roles of intracellular Ca2+ stores in IGF-I-induced synaptic potentiation. To approach this problem, Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin were initially used to deplete internal Ca2+ stores. IGF-I no longer elicited any changes in SSC frequency in thapsigargin-treated synapses suggesting that an increase in [Ca2+]i due to Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores may contribute to the facilitation of transmitter release induced by IGF-I. Application of membrane-permeable inhibitors of IP3-induced Ca2+ release 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) or Xestospongin C (XeC) effectively occluded the increase of SSC frequency elicited by IGF-I. Furthermore, pretreatment of the cultures with ryanodine receptor antagonist 8-(dethylamino) octyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) also blocked the IGF-I effects indicating that IGF-I activates IP3 and/or ryanodine pathway to initiate calcium release from intracellular stores which subsequently potentiate transmitter release. Treating cells with inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (wortmannin and LY294002) and Phospholipase C-g (U73122), but not inhibitor of MAP kinase (PD98059) abolishes IGF-1-induced potentiation of synaptic transmission. Inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) by KN-62 effectively blocks the effect of IGF-I. Taken collectively, our results obtained suggest that IGF-I potentiates neurotransmitter secretion by stimulating Ca2+ release from IP3 and ryanodine sensitive intracellular calcium stores via activate PI3 and/or PLC-g signaling cascades, which leading to an activation of CaMKII-dependent transmitter release.
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Efeito do crescimento compensatório sobre a puberdade de novilhas Nelore / Effect of compensatory growth on puberty of Nellore heifersMiszura, Alexandre Arantes 09 February 2017 (has links)
O crescimento compensatório pode ser uma ferramenta interessante em sistemas de criação de bovinos de corte, uma vez que os animais que passam por crescimento compensatório são mais eficientes, diminuindo o custo com alimentação. É bem aceito que a nutrição é capaz de influenciar a idade à puberdade de novilhas, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do crescimento compensatório na puberdade de novilhas Nelore. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de ritmos de crescimento e crescimento compensatório sobre a idade e peso à puberdade de novilhas Nelore. Para isso, foram utilizadas 120 novilhas da raça Nelore, desmamadas com oito meses de idade e filhas de 6 touros que foram alocadas em quatro tratamentos de acordo com o peso inicial de 180 ± 8,6 kg. O período experimental foi dos 8 aos 18 meses de idade. Tratamentos: 1) GMD elevado (CMS d libitum), cerca de 1kg/dia, durante todo o período experimental (ALTO). 2) GMD médio (0,6kg/dia) durante o período experimental (MÉDIO). 3) Restrição alimentar por 4 meses (0,2kg/dia), seguido de CMS ad libitum com crescimento compensatório (RESTRITO). 4) CMS ad libitum (GMD elevado) por dois meses, alternando com restrição alimentar (0,2kg/dia), durante um período total de 10 meses (ALTERNADO). A restrição alimentar foi realizada através da restrição quantitativa do CMS, e o crescimento compensatório e o GMD alto foram obtidos através do CMS ad libitum. As novilhas passaram por exame ginecológico semanalmente e a manifestação da puberdade foi acompanhada por meio de US (presença de CL) e colheita de sangue (determinação de P4). Também foi determinada a concentração de IGF-1 (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 e 18 meses de idade e no momento da puberdade) e leptina (8, 11 e 18 meses de idade e no momento da puberdade). Ao final do experimento, as novilhas que não entraram em puberdade foram submetidas a um protocolo de indução de puberdade com P4. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados incompletos (touro), sendo as variáveis contínuas analisadas pelo procedimento MIXED e as variáveis binomiais avaliadas pelos procedimentos GLIMMIX ou LIFETEST quando avaliadas as curvas de sobrevivência, todos procedimentos procedimento do SAS 9,3. Não houve diferença na porcentagem de novilhas púberes aos 18 meses de idade entre os tratamentos. O peso a puberdade e a idade a puberdade também não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, o GMD ao longo do experimento (P<0,01) e até a puberdade (P<0,01) foi maior nas novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO diferindo dos demais. Ainda, as novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO apresentaram maior CMS (P<0,01) que o RESTRITO, e a magnitude dessa diferença foi de 20%. Em relação as análises de IGF-1, houve interação entre tratamento e idade (P=0,02), no qual as novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTERNADO apresentaram maior concentração de IGF-1 aos 12 e aos 16 meses de idade quando comparado com os outros tratamentos. A concentração de leptina foi maior (P=0,04) nas novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO quando comparado com as novilhas submetidas aos tratamentos MÉDIO. Em relação a porcentagem de novilhas que responderam a indução, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos, sendo que cerca de 80% das novilhas responderam à indução. Novilhas passando por um período de restrição, seguido por um suporte nutricional eficiente, foram capazes de alcançar a puberdade em idade e peso semelhantes daquelas que não passaram por restrição. Ainda, as novilhas submetidas à restrição alimentar apresentaram menor CMS. Assim, o crescimento compensatório foi uma estratégia nutricional eficiente em reduzir o CMS, melhorando a eficiência alimentar e não prejudicou a idade à puberdade. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth rates and compensatory growth on the age and weight at puberty of heifers. For that, 120 Nellore heifers, weaned at eight months of age, daughters of 6 bulls, with initial body weight of 180±8.6 kg were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks (sires). The experimental period was from 8 to 18 months of age. Treatments were: 1) High ADG (ad libitum DMI) throughout the experimental period (HIGH), 2) Mid ADG (0.6kg/d) throughout the experimental period (MID), 3) Feed restriction for 4 months (0.2kg/d), followed by ad libitum DMI with compensatory growth (RESTRICT), 4) ad libitum DMI (High ADG) for 2 months, alternating with feed restriction (0.2kg/d), throughout a period of 10 months (ALTERNATE). The diet was composed of ground corn (70%), sugarcane bagasse (12%), soybean meal (16%), mineral mixture (1%) and urea (1%). Weekly gynecological examination was performed, whereas the manifestation of puberty was monitored by means of ultrasonography. Additional blood samples were collected for determination of IGF-1 and leptin. At the end of the experimental period, the heifers that did not reach puberty were submitted to a puberty induction protocol with progesterone. The continuous variables were analyzed by the MIXED procedure and the binomial variables evaluated by the procedures GLIMMIX (SAS 9.3). There was no difference in the percentage of pubertal heifers at 18 months of age, weight and age at puberty between treatments. However, the ADG throughout the experiment (P<0.01) and until puberty (P<0.01) was greater in heifers submitted to HIGH, compared to the other treatments. Moreover, heifers submitted to HIGH had greater DMI (P<0.01) than the RESTRICT, with the magnitude of this difference of 20%. The feed efficiency (P<0.01) were 0.128, 0.120, 0.146 and 0.113 for HIGH, MID, RESTRICT and ALTERNATE respectively. There was treatment x age interaction (P=0.02) for IGF-1, in which the ALTERNATE had greater concentration of IGF-1 at 12 and 16 months of age when compared to the other treatments. The leptin concentration was greater (P=0.03) in HIGH when compared to the MID. In relation to the percentage of heifers that responded to the induction, there was no difference between treatments and about 80% of the heifers responded to induction. Heifers submitted to feed restriction had a reduced DMI, hence, the compensatory growth was an efficient nutritional strategy to feed efficiency and did not differ age at puberty.
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Efeito do crescimento compensatório sobre a puberdade de novilhas Nelore / Effect of compensatory growth on puberty of Nellore heifersAlexandre Arantes Miszura 09 February 2017 (has links)
O crescimento compensatório pode ser uma ferramenta interessante em sistemas de criação de bovinos de corte, uma vez que os animais que passam por crescimento compensatório são mais eficientes, diminuindo o custo com alimentação. É bem aceito que a nutrição é capaz de influenciar a idade à puberdade de novilhas, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do crescimento compensatório na puberdade de novilhas Nelore. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de ritmos de crescimento e crescimento compensatório sobre a idade e peso à puberdade de novilhas Nelore. Para isso, foram utilizadas 120 novilhas da raça Nelore, desmamadas com oito meses de idade e filhas de 6 touros que foram alocadas em quatro tratamentos de acordo com o peso inicial de 180 ± 8,6 kg. O período experimental foi dos 8 aos 18 meses de idade. Tratamentos: 1) GMD elevado (CMS d libitum), cerca de 1kg/dia, durante todo o período experimental (ALTO). 2) GMD médio (0,6kg/dia) durante o período experimental (MÉDIO). 3) Restrição alimentar por 4 meses (0,2kg/dia), seguido de CMS ad libitum com crescimento compensatório (RESTRITO). 4) CMS ad libitum (GMD elevado) por dois meses, alternando com restrição alimentar (0,2kg/dia), durante um período total de 10 meses (ALTERNADO). A restrição alimentar foi realizada através da restrição quantitativa do CMS, e o crescimento compensatório e o GMD alto foram obtidos através do CMS ad libitum. As novilhas passaram por exame ginecológico semanalmente e a manifestação da puberdade foi acompanhada por meio de US (presença de CL) e colheita de sangue (determinação de P4). Também foi determinada a concentração de IGF-1 (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 e 18 meses de idade e no momento da puberdade) e leptina (8, 11 e 18 meses de idade e no momento da puberdade). Ao final do experimento, as novilhas que não entraram em puberdade foram submetidas a um protocolo de indução de puberdade com P4. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados incompletos (touro), sendo as variáveis contínuas analisadas pelo procedimento MIXED e as variáveis binomiais avaliadas pelos procedimentos GLIMMIX ou LIFETEST quando avaliadas as curvas de sobrevivência, todos procedimentos procedimento do SAS 9,3. Não houve diferença na porcentagem de novilhas púberes aos 18 meses de idade entre os tratamentos. O peso a puberdade e a idade a puberdade também não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, o GMD ao longo do experimento (P<0,01) e até a puberdade (P<0,01) foi maior nas novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO diferindo dos demais. Ainda, as novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO apresentaram maior CMS (P<0,01) que o RESTRITO, e a magnitude dessa diferença foi de 20%. Em relação as análises de IGF-1, houve interação entre tratamento e idade (P=0,02), no qual as novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTERNADO apresentaram maior concentração de IGF-1 aos 12 e aos 16 meses de idade quando comparado com os outros tratamentos. A concentração de leptina foi maior (P=0,04) nas novilhas submetidas ao tratamento ALTO quando comparado com as novilhas submetidas aos tratamentos MÉDIO. Em relação a porcentagem de novilhas que responderam a indução, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos, sendo que cerca de 80% das novilhas responderam à indução. Novilhas passando por um período de restrição, seguido por um suporte nutricional eficiente, foram capazes de alcançar a puberdade em idade e peso semelhantes daquelas que não passaram por restrição. Ainda, as novilhas submetidas à restrição alimentar apresentaram menor CMS. Assim, o crescimento compensatório foi uma estratégia nutricional eficiente em reduzir o CMS, melhorando a eficiência alimentar e não prejudicou a idade à puberdade. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth rates and compensatory growth on the age and weight at puberty of heifers. For that, 120 Nellore heifers, weaned at eight months of age, daughters of 6 bulls, with initial body weight of 180±8.6 kg were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks (sires). The experimental period was from 8 to 18 months of age. Treatments were: 1) High ADG (ad libitum DMI) throughout the experimental period (HIGH), 2) Mid ADG (0.6kg/d) throughout the experimental period (MID), 3) Feed restriction for 4 months (0.2kg/d), followed by ad libitum DMI with compensatory growth (RESTRICT), 4) ad libitum DMI (High ADG) for 2 months, alternating with feed restriction (0.2kg/d), throughout a period of 10 months (ALTERNATE). The diet was composed of ground corn (70%), sugarcane bagasse (12%), soybean meal (16%), mineral mixture (1%) and urea (1%). Weekly gynecological examination was performed, whereas the manifestation of puberty was monitored by means of ultrasonography. Additional blood samples were collected for determination of IGF-1 and leptin. At the end of the experimental period, the heifers that did not reach puberty were submitted to a puberty induction protocol with progesterone. The continuous variables were analyzed by the MIXED procedure and the binomial variables evaluated by the procedures GLIMMIX (SAS 9.3). There was no difference in the percentage of pubertal heifers at 18 months of age, weight and age at puberty between treatments. However, the ADG throughout the experiment (P<0.01) and until puberty (P<0.01) was greater in heifers submitted to HIGH, compared to the other treatments. Moreover, heifers submitted to HIGH had greater DMI (P<0.01) than the RESTRICT, with the magnitude of this difference of 20%. The feed efficiency (P<0.01) were 0.128, 0.120, 0.146 and 0.113 for HIGH, MID, RESTRICT and ALTERNATE respectively. There was treatment x age interaction (P=0.02) for IGF-1, in which the ALTERNATE had greater concentration of IGF-1 at 12 and 16 months of age when compared to the other treatments. The leptin concentration was greater (P=0.03) in HIGH when compared to the MID. In relation to the percentage of heifers that responded to the induction, there was no difference between treatments and about 80% of the heifers responded to induction. Heifers submitted to feed restriction had a reduced DMI, hence, the compensatory growth was an efficient nutritional strategy to feed efficiency and did not differ age at puberty.
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Efeito da ghrelina sobre o eixo GH/IGF-1 em animais submetidos à endotoxemia / The ghrelin effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis on animals submitted to endotoxemiaFaim, Felipe de Lima 18 July 2018 (has links)
Durante a endotoxemia, observa-se alteração no eixo hormônio do crescimento(GH)/fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGF)-1. Acredita-se que o aumento de citocinas pró-inflamatórias seja responsável por essa alteração, apesar do mecanismo para essa alteração ainda não estar completamente elucidado. A ghrelina é um hormônio peptídico que apresenta propriedades anti-inflamatórias, e, portanto, pode contribuir para a manutenção da integridade do eixo GH/IGF-1. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento sistêmico de ghrelina sobre o eixo GH/IGF-1 em ratos Wistar submetidos à endotoxemia. Para a indução da endotoxemia, foi administrado lipopolissacarídeo (LPS; 5mg/kg intraperitoneal) sistemicamente. Os animais foram tratados com ghrelina (15nmol/kg; endovenoso) concomitantemente à administração de LPS e tiveram o sangue e o fígado coletados após 2h,6h ou 12h. Foram quantificadas a concentração sanguínea do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-?), interleucina (IL)-1?, IL-6, nitrato, corticosterona, GH, IGF-1 e ghrelina endógena, assim como a concentração hepática de TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6. O TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, GH, IGF-1 e ghrelina endógena foram quantificados pela técnica de ELISA. A corticosterona foi quantificada pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. O Nitrato foi quantificado pela técnica de quimioluminescência. Também foram quantificadas a expressão proteica hepática do receptor do hormônio secretador do GH (GHSR-1a) e do receptor do GH (GHR) pela técnica de Western Blott, bem como a expressão gênica hepática de IGF-1 e GHR pela técnica de PCR-RT. Os ratos submetidos à endotoxemia apresentaram redução sérica de IGF-1 e de GH, caracterizando a alteração do eixo GH/IGF-1. Os animais endotoxêmicos e tratados com ghrelina apresentaram menor redução dos níveis circulantes de IGF-1, além de apresentarem menores níveis de TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 e nitrato após administração de LPS. A menor redução de IGF-1 circulante após o tratamento com ghrelina não foi relacionada a alterações na expressão proteica de GHSR-1a ou GHR, nem relacionada a alterações na expressão gênica de IGF-1 ou GHR nos intervalos de tempo analisados. Portanto, a propriedade anti-inflamatória da ghrelina levou à redução do aumento dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios e contribuiu para a manutenção da integridade do eixo GH/IGF-1 ao atenuar a queda na concentração sanguínea de IGF-1. Endotoxemia. Inflamação. Eixo GH/IGF-1 / During the endotoxemia it is possible to observe a change on the growth hormone (GH) /insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis. It is believed that the pro inflammatory cytokines increase is responsible for this change even not having the mechanism for this change completely elucidated. The ghrelin is a peptidic hormone which has antiinflammatory properties and, because of that, can contribute to the GH/IGF-1 axis integrity maintenance. This research goal is to evaluate the ghrelin systemic treatment effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis on Wistar rats submitted to endotoxemia. To induct the endotoxemia it was given systemically to the rats a lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5mg/kg intraperitoneal). The animals were treated with ghrelin (15nmol/kg; intravenous) while receiving the LPS and they had their blood and liver collected after 2h, 6h or 12h. Blood concentration of alfa tumoral necrose (TNF-?), interleukin (IL)-1?, IL-6, nitrate, corticosterone, GH, IGF-1 and endogenous ghrelin were quantified as well as their TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6 hepatic concentration. The TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, GH, IGF-1 and the endogenous ghrelin were quantified through the ELISA technique. The corticosterone was quantified through the radioimmunoassay technique. The nitrate was quantified through the chemiluminescence technique. The hepatic protein expression from the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)-1a and the receptor of the GH (GHR) were quantified through the Western Blott technique and the IGF-1 and the GHR hepatic gene expression through the PCR-RT technique. The rats submitted to the endotoxemia presented an IGF-1 and a GH serum decrease characterizing a change on the GH/IGF-1 axis. The endotoxemic animals treated with ghrelin showed a smaller reduction of the IGF-1 circulating levels besides presenting a smaller TNF-?, IL-1?, IL- 6 and nitrate levels after receiving the LPS. The smallest IGF-1 circulating decrease, after the treatment with ghrelin, was related neither to the changes on the GHSR-1a or GHR protein expressions nor to the IGF-1 or GHR gene expressions during the analyzed time intervals. Therefore, the ghrelin anti-inflammatory property inflected a reduction of the pro-inflammatory mediators increase and contributed for the GH/IGF- 1 axis integrity maintenance while mitigating the IGF-1 blood concentration fall.
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The cardiovascular effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the nucleus tractus solitarii of ratsLin, Shin-shue 26 August 2005 (has links)
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was considered as a factor potentially involved in arterial hypertension because of its effects on vascular tone. Several studies have suggested that IGF-1 might play an important role in the cardiovascular system for regulation of blood pressure. Previously, microinjection of insulin into the NTS of rats preceded prominent depressor and bradycardic and activates the PI3K downstream Akt. The aims of this study was to compare the cardiovascular responses induced by IGF-1 and to investigate the mechanisms of IGF-1induced signaling pathway in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) between spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) at 8/16 weeks old. The results indicate that microinjection of IGF-1 into the NTS of WKY and SHR produced dramatically depressor and bradycardic effects. The cardiovascular effects evoked by IGF-1 are less in SHR than WKY rats. The defect in IGF-1 vascular action is also present in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (age 8 weeks). Pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 significantly attenuated the responses evoked by microinjection of IGF-1 in both SHR and WKY at 8/16 weeks old. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p44/p42MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 administration attenuated the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1 in WKY at 8/16 weeks old but had no effect in SHR at age matched.
In conclusion, both IGF-1/PI3K and p44/p42MAPK signal transduction pathways are involved in controlling central cardiovascular effects in WKY, whereas PI3K but not p44/p42MAPK signaling pathway is involved in SHR. This different condition suggests that such insensitive pathway may play a causative role in the development of hypertension.
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Efeito da ghrelina sobre o eixo GH/IGF-1 em animais submetidos à endotoxemia / The ghrelin effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis on animals submitted to endotoxemiaFelipe de Lima Faim 18 July 2018 (has links)
Durante a endotoxemia, observa-se alteração no eixo hormônio do crescimento(GH)/fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGF)-1. Acredita-se que o aumento de citocinas pró-inflamatórias seja responsável por essa alteração, apesar do mecanismo para essa alteração ainda não estar completamente elucidado. A ghrelina é um hormônio peptídico que apresenta propriedades anti-inflamatórias, e, portanto, pode contribuir para a manutenção da integridade do eixo GH/IGF-1. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento sistêmico de ghrelina sobre o eixo GH/IGF-1 em ratos Wistar submetidos à endotoxemia. Para a indução da endotoxemia, foi administrado lipopolissacarídeo (LPS; 5mg/kg intraperitoneal) sistemicamente. Os animais foram tratados com ghrelina (15nmol/kg; endovenoso) concomitantemente à administração de LPS e tiveram o sangue e o fígado coletados após 2h,6h ou 12h. Foram quantificadas a concentração sanguínea do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-?), interleucina (IL)-1?, IL-6, nitrato, corticosterona, GH, IGF-1 e ghrelina endógena, assim como a concentração hepática de TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6. O TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, GH, IGF-1 e ghrelina endógena foram quantificados pela técnica de ELISA. A corticosterona foi quantificada pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. O Nitrato foi quantificado pela técnica de quimioluminescência. Também foram quantificadas a expressão proteica hepática do receptor do hormônio secretador do GH (GHSR-1a) e do receptor do GH (GHR) pela técnica de Western Blott, bem como a expressão gênica hepática de IGF-1 e GHR pela técnica de PCR-RT. Os ratos submetidos à endotoxemia apresentaram redução sérica de IGF-1 e de GH, caracterizando a alteração do eixo GH/IGF-1. Os animais endotoxêmicos e tratados com ghrelina apresentaram menor redução dos níveis circulantes de IGF-1, além de apresentarem menores níveis de TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6 e nitrato após administração de LPS. A menor redução de IGF-1 circulante após o tratamento com ghrelina não foi relacionada a alterações na expressão proteica de GHSR-1a ou GHR, nem relacionada a alterações na expressão gênica de IGF-1 ou GHR nos intervalos de tempo analisados. Portanto, a propriedade anti-inflamatória da ghrelina levou à redução do aumento dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios e contribuiu para a manutenção da integridade do eixo GH/IGF-1 ao atenuar a queda na concentração sanguínea de IGF-1. Endotoxemia. Inflamação. Eixo GH/IGF-1 / During the endotoxemia it is possible to observe a change on the growth hormone (GH) /insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis. It is believed that the pro inflammatory cytokines increase is responsible for this change even not having the mechanism for this change completely elucidated. The ghrelin is a peptidic hormone which has antiinflammatory properties and, because of that, can contribute to the GH/IGF-1 axis integrity maintenance. This research goal is to evaluate the ghrelin systemic treatment effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis on Wistar rats submitted to endotoxemia. To induct the endotoxemia it was given systemically to the rats a lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5mg/kg intraperitoneal). The animals were treated with ghrelin (15nmol/kg; intravenous) while receiving the LPS and they had their blood and liver collected after 2h, 6h or 12h. Blood concentration of alfa tumoral necrose (TNF-?), interleukin (IL)-1?, IL-6, nitrate, corticosterone, GH, IGF-1 and endogenous ghrelin were quantified as well as their TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6 hepatic concentration. The TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, GH, IGF-1 and the endogenous ghrelin were quantified through the ELISA technique. The corticosterone was quantified through the radioimmunoassay technique. The nitrate was quantified through the chemiluminescence technique. The hepatic protein expression from the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)-1a and the receptor of the GH (GHR) were quantified through the Western Blott technique and the IGF-1 and the GHR hepatic gene expression through the PCR-RT technique. The rats submitted to the endotoxemia presented an IGF-1 and a GH serum decrease characterizing a change on the GH/IGF-1 axis. The endotoxemic animals treated with ghrelin showed a smaller reduction of the IGF-1 circulating levels besides presenting a smaller TNF-?, IL-1?, IL- 6 and nitrate levels after receiving the LPS. The smallest IGF-1 circulating decrease, after the treatment with ghrelin, was related neither to the changes on the GHSR-1a or GHR protein expressions nor to the IGF-1 or GHR gene expressions during the analyzed time intervals. Therefore, the ghrelin anti-inflammatory property inflected a reduction of the pro-inflammatory mediators increase and contributed for the GH/IGF- 1 axis integrity maintenance while mitigating the IGF-1 blood concentration fall.
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Both low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with hair loss in middle-aged women.Noordam, R., Gunn, D.A., van Drielen, K., Westgate, Gillian E., Slagboom, P.E., de Craen, A.J.M., van Heemst, D. 2016 June 1923 (has links)
Yes / Background: Multiple biomarkers have been associated with hair loss in women, but studies showed inconsistent results.
Objective: We investigated the association between markers of cardiovascular disease risk (e.g., serum lipid levels and hypertension) and aging (e.g., 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor) with hair loss in a population of middle-aged women.
Methods: In a random subgroup of 323 middle-aged women (mean age: 61.5 years) from the Leiden Longevity Study, hair loss was graded by three assessors using the Sinclair scale; women with a mean score higher than 1.5 were classified as cases with hair loss.
Results: Every standard deviation increase in HDL cholesterol was associated with a 0.65 times lower risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.91) of hair loss; for IGF-1 the risk was 0.68 times lower (95% CI: 0.48–0.97) per standard deviation increase, independent of the other studied variables. Women with both IGF-1 and HDL cholesterol levels below the median of the study population had a 3.47 times higher risk (95% CI: 1.30–9.25) of having hair loss.
Limitations: The observational setting limits causal inference of the findings.
Conclusion: Low HDL cholesterol and IGF-1 were associated with a higher risk of hair loss in women. / This study was funded by the Innovation Oriented Research Program on Genomics (SenterNovem; IGE01014 and IGE5007), the Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (05040202 and 050-060-810, NCHA), Unilever PLC and the European Union-funded Network of Excellence Lifespan (FP6 036894).
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Kostrelaterade riskfaktorer : En litteraturstudie gällande IGF-1 och ökad risk för prostatacancerSöderberg, Sara, Kaskas, Tommy January 2010 (has links)
<p><strong><p>Bakgrund:</p>Den dominerande cancerformen hos män över 75 år är prostatacancer. Kosten har en påverkan på många sjukdomstillstånd och på senare tid har man undersökt misstankarna kring om höga nivåer av IGF-1 kan öka risken för att utveckla prostatacancer. IGF-1 finns naturligt i kroppen men hormonet finns bland annat också i vissa livsmedel så som mejeriprodukter. <strong><p>Syfte:</p>Att granska tillgänglig evidens gällande samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och prostatacancer, samt att om ett samband går att finna, undersöka om en kostrekommendation kan göras för att sänka nivåerna av detta hormon i kroppen och på så vis minska risken för utveckling av prostatacancer. <strong><p>Metod:</p>Systematisk litteraturstudie. <strong><p>Resultat:</p>Det finns studier som talar för och emot ett samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och ökad risk för att drabbas av prostatacancer. Dock belyser samtliga studierna vikten av fortsatt granskning inom området för att helt kunna fastställa ett eventuellt samband. <strong><p>Slutsats:</p>Det krävs fler studier för att fastställa ett samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och ökad risk för prostatacancer. I nuläget anser författarna att det inte går att göra en kostrekommendation där man har för avsikt att sänka nivåerna av IGF-1 i serum på grund av olika presenterade studieresultat. </strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
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Modulation of growth factors and cell cycle regulatory molecules in experimental cardiomyopathyMahmoudabady, Maryam 22 September 2009 (has links)
Background: Different types of cardiomyopathies are associated with variable hypertrophic response.
A number of growth factors are thought to play a role in pathologic cardiac remodeling.
Aims: We compared the modulation of the TGF-ƓÒ superfamily and IGF-1 signaling pathways and their target genes, the cell cycle regulatory proteins in tachycardia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, a model with no detectable hypertrophy and in ischemic cardiomyopathy, a model with a marked hypertrophic reaction.
Methods: In the first study, endomyocardial biopsies were obtained weekly in 15 dogs, during the development of tachycardiomyopaty. Genes involved in the myostatin-TGF-ƓÒ-Activin-A/Smad signaling pathway, p21 and cyclin D were quantified and correlated to echocardiographic measures of hypertrophy. In the second study, myocardial tissue samples were obtained in 8 dogs with a healed myocardial infarction, in 8 dogs with heart failure induced by overpacing and in 7 healthy dogs. We measured gene expression of IGF-1, its receptor (IGF-1R) and cyclins A, B, D1, D2, D3 and E and correlated them to the level of hypertrophy.
Results: Tachycardiomyopathy was characterized by chambers dilation with no identifiable hypertrophy. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was characterized by eccentric hypertrophy. In tachycardiomyopathy, Activin-A mRNA was 4-fold higher than at baseline. Smad7 was overexpressed in severe heart failure; p21, a direct target gene of the Smad pathway was upregulated 8-fold and cyclin D1 was down-regulated. In that model, IGF-1 was overexpressed but neither IGF-1R nor any of the cyclins studied.
In ischemic cardiomyopathy, IGF-1, IGF-R, and cyclins B, D1, D3 and E gene expression were upregulated.
In tachycardiomyopathy, Activin-A and p21 were inversely correlated to the thickness of the interventricular septum. In normal dogs and in the both models of cardiomyopathy, IGF-1R was correlated to the thickness of the interventricular septum and to cyclins.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results agree with the notion that Activin-A, IGF and cyclins are involved in the modulation of hypertrophic response observed in cardiomyopathies.
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Kostrelaterade riskfaktorer : En litteraturstudie gällande IGF-1 och ökad risk för prostatacancerSöderberg, Sara, Kaskas, Tommy January 2010 (has links)
Bakgrund: Den dominerande cancerformen hos män över 75 år är prostatacancer. Kosten har en påverkan på många sjukdomstillstånd och på senare tid har man undersökt misstankarna kring om höga nivåer av IGF-1 kan öka risken för att utveckla prostatacancer. IGF-1 finns naturligt i kroppen men hormonet finns bland annat också i vissa livsmedel så som mejeriprodukter. Syfte: Att granska tillgänglig evidens gällande samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och prostatacancer, samt att om ett samband går att finna, undersöka om en kostrekommendation kan göras för att sänka nivåerna av detta hormon i kroppen och på så vis minska risken för utveckling av prostatacancer. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Resultat: Det finns studier som talar för och emot ett samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och ökad risk för att drabbas av prostatacancer. Dock belyser samtliga studierna vikten av fortsatt granskning inom området för att helt kunna fastställa ett eventuellt samband. Slutsats: Det krävs fler studier för att fastställa ett samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och ökad risk för prostatacancer. I nuläget anser författarna att det inte går att göra en kostrekommendation där man har för avsikt att sänka nivåerna av IGF-1 i serum på grund av olika presenterade studieresultat.
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