Nos travaux portent sur les mécanismes nerveux qui sous-tendent la perception de notre corps en mouvement. Chacune de nos actions est caractérisée par l'intention motrice qui en est à l'origine et par le feedback multi-modalitaire que son exécution évoque. Dans ce cadre, nous avons formalisé le codage proprioceptif du mouvement et nous avons exploré deux types d'images motrices et leur interaction perceptive à travers l'étude des mouvements imaginés et des illusions kinesthésiques.Sur la base de données neurosensorielles, nous avons contribué à développer une méthode « propriomimétique » inspirée du modèle vectoriel de population permettant de prédire les patterns proprioceptifs afférents évoqués lors de mouvements complexes. Ces patterns modélisés ont ensuite été utilisés pour activer les voies de la proprioception musculaire chez des sujets immobiles grâce à la méthode des vibrations tendineuses. / This thesis deals with the neural mechanisms involved in body movement perception. We contributed to developing a "propriomimetic" method based on neurosensory data and drawn from the population vector model for predicting the afferent proprioceptive patterns evoked during complex movements.The main contribution of this work is that it extends the scope of the method to include the whole set of possible human actions by showing that it can be used to accurately predict the proprioceptive patterns and to generate the kinaesthetic experiences associated with movements involving one or more joints, performed in 2- or 3-dimensional space, regardless of which muscles are involved.Other motor images were intentionally generated by the subjects in subsequent experiments and combined with those imposed by the vibratory stimulation. The results obtained here show that the images of both kinds were completely integrated when evoked simultaneously and that they gave rise to a unique and original perceptual experience, in which their spatio-temporal characteristics were combined. From the theoretical point of view, these findings confirm that proprioceptive afferents play an important role, along with the motor intention itself, in the elaboration of kinaesthetic perception. From the clinical point of view, the possibility of evoking motor images quite "naturally" using the method presented here to activate the peripheral receptors and/or the command centers, and thus the whole sensorimotor loop in the absence of any real movements, opens some promising perspectives for rehabilitation purposes.