Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:19:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissa.pdf: 1711854 bytes, checksum: 8dc73511b4a1f38cdd4cbedc687a34f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The propose of the Master's degree dissertation research was to identify and analyze the mediator role of the didactic book for the child, having as aim associations among images, words and learning. Through the relationship of the child with his/her didactic book we try to identify the relation among its visual quality, its content and the possibility of mediate the process of building knowledge. Up to the description of the didactic book in Brazil, it was possible to observe the modifications through which it has gone through the time, as well as the building of the childhood concept and the interactions of the child with the book in the school. Studying the important conceptions of Vygotsky theory as development, learning, mediation, levels and areas of development, social interactions and culture it was observed that the didactic book through associations between images and words, acts as a helpful external stimulation system, so acting as a real mediator for the child. Together with the theoretical research was performed a field work at a State School in the city of Brusque/SC: were interviewed two 4th grade teachers of the secondary school, one being the class teacher and the other the art teacher, and also held a focus group with eight students of that same class. Up to the analysis and interpretation of the data collected, it was possible to observe important topics, as interactions among images, words and learning; the visual communication that the didactic book contains, implicit important aspects in the complex scheme that integrates perception, visual communication, images, words and learning in the child. It is highly important in that dynamic the importance of visual quality and the graphic of the book. These questions contribute for a reciprocity relation between the book and the child, so the conclusion is that the didactic book is an important mediator element in the building of knowledge. If the visual communication of the didactic book is suitable, if the subjects are seen based on such associations between images and words, the child is able to get it in a more satisfactory, and mainly in a pleasant way the school knowledge / A proposta da pesquisa da dissertação de mestrado foi a de identificar e analisar o papel mediador do livro didático para a criança, tendo como foco associações entre imagens, palavras e aprendizagens. Pelo relacionamento da criança com seu livro didático buscouse identificar a relação entre a qualidade visual do mesmo, o seu conteúdo e a possibilidade de mediar o processo de construção de conhecimentos. A partir do histórico do livro didático no Brasil pôde-se observar as modificações pelas quais este passou no decorrer do tempo, bem como a construção do conceito de infância e as interações da criança com o livro no ambiente escolar. Por meio do estudo de importantes conceitos da teoria de Vygotsky como desenvolvimento, aprendizagem, mediação, níveis e zonas de desenvolvimento, interações sociais e cultura percebeu-se que o livro didático, através de associações entre imagens e palavras, atua como um sistema de estímulo externo auxiliar, exercendo um papel verdadeiramente mediador para a criança. Juntamente com a pesquisa teórica foi efetuada uma pesquisa de campo em uma Escola Pública Estadual no município de Brusque/SC: foram entrevistadas duas professoras da 4º. série do ensino fundamental, sendo uma a professora da classe e a outra de artes, e realizado um grupo focal com oito alunos desta mesma classe. A partir da análise e interpretação dos dados coletados foi possível perceber questões importantes, como interações entre imagens, palavras e aprendizagens; a comunicação visual que o livro didático contém, aspectos importantes implícitos na complexa trama que integra percepção, comunicação visual, imagens, palavras e aprendizagens na criança. Ressalta-se nesta dinâmica a importância da qualidade visual e gráfica do livro. Estas questões contribuem para uma relação de reciprocidade entre o livro e a criança, concluindo-se que o livro didático é um importante elemento mediador no processo de construção de conhecimentos. Se a comunicação visual do livro didático se apresentar adequada, se os assuntos forem abordados com base nestas associações entre imagens e palavras, a criança pode adquirir, de maneira mais eficiente, satisfatória e, principalmente, prazerosa os conhecimentos escolares

While scholarship often focuses on how early modern Italians used images in their devotions, particularly in the post-Tridentine era, little attention has been placed upon how laypeople engaged with devotional text during times of prayer and in their everyday lives. Studies of early modern devotional texts have explored their literary content, investigated their censorship by the Church, or concentrated upon an elite readership. This thesis, instead, investigates how ordinary devotees interacted with holy words in their material form, which I have termed ‘material prayers’. Since this thesis developed under the aegis of the interdisciplinary research project, Domestic Devotions: The Place of Piety in the Italian Renaissance Home, 1400-1600, it focuses primarily on engagement with these material prayers in domestic spaces. Using an interdisciplinary approach drawing from material culture studies, literary history, social and cultural history, and art history, it brings together objects, images and archival sources to illuminate how devotees from across the socio-economic and literacy spectrums accessed and employed devotional text in their prayers and daily life. From holy words, Biblical excerpts, and prayers to textual symbols like the Sacred Monogram of the Name of Jesus, this thesis explores how and why these material prayers were employed for spiritual, apotropaic and intercessory purposes. It analyses material prayers not only in traditional textual formats (printed books and manuscripts), but also those that were printed on single-sheets of paper, inscribed on jewellery, or etched into the structure of the home. To convey how devotees engaged with and relied upon these material prayers, it considers a variety of inscribed objects, including those sanctioned by the Church as well as those which might be questioned or deemed ‘superstitious’ by ecclesiastical authorities. Sermons, Inquisition trial records, and other archival documents have been consulted to further illuminate the material evidence. The first part of the thesis, ‘On the Body’, considers the how devotees came into personal contact with texts by wearing prayers on their bodies. It examines a range of objects including prayers with protective properties, known as brevi, that were meant to be sealed in a pouch and worn around the neck, and more luxurious items of physical adornment inscribed with devotional and apotropaic text, such as necklaces and rings. The second part of the thesis enters the home to explore how the spaces people inhabited and the objects that populated their homes were decorated with material prayers. ‘In the Home’ begins with texts inscribed over the entryways of early modern Italian homes, and then considers how devotees decorated their walls with holy words and how the objects of devotion and household life were imbued with religious significance through the addition of pious inscriptions. By analysing these personal objects and the textual domestic sphere, this thesis argues that these material prayers cut across socio-economic classes, genders, and ages to embody quotidian moments of domestic devotion as well as moments of fear, anxiety and change.