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This study examines the experiences of post-1980 Irish immigrants in Australia using Greater Melbourne as a case study. It has three main but interrelated objectives. Firstly, it establishes the origins, characteristics, dynamics and outcomes of contemporary Irish migration to Australia. Secondly, it explores informants??? multiple experiences of Irishness in both Ireland and Australia. Thirdly, it examines how migrancy and identity issues were related to informants??? sense of belonging and home. Identity is approached in this study from a constructivist perspective. Accordingly, identity is conceptualised as dynamic, subject to situational stimuli and existing in juxtaposition to a constructed ???other???. Prior to migration, a North/South, Protestant/Catholic ???other??? provided the bases for identity constructions in Ireland. The experiences of immigrants from both Northern and Southern Ireland are examined so that the multiple pre- and post-migration experiences of Irishness can be captured. Face-to-face interviews with 203 immigrants provide the study???s primary data. Migration motivation was found to be multifactorial and contained a strong element of adventure. Informal chain migration, based on relationship linkages in Australia, was important in directing flows and meeting immigrants??? post-arrival accommodation needs. Only 28 percent of the sample initially saw their move as permanent and onethird were category jumpers. A consolidation of Irish identity occurred post-migration. This was most pronounced among Northern Protestants and was largely predicated on informants??? perceptions of how Britishness and Irishness were constructed in Australia. For Northern respondents, the freedom to express Irishness may have masked an enforced Irishness that evolved in response to perceived negative constructions of Britishness, and their experiences of homogenisation with Southern immigrants. Hierarchies within white privilege in Australia, based on origin and accent, were indicated by the study findings. Movement and identity were related through the transnational practices of informants. Separation from familial and friendship networks prompted high levels of return visitation and telephone contact with their homeland, establishing the group as a highly transnational in relational terms. Examining the experiences of this invisible immigrant group through a constructionist lens contributed to the broader understanding of whiteness, transnationalism and the Irish diaspora generally.

In 1945 the Australian Government created the Department of Immigration. Its purpose was the promotion of a solution to Australia’s limited natural population growth in the face of defence fears and of an Australian society which, using the voices of its politicians, was increasingly willing to depict itself as an isolated and threatened British outpost. The fears themselves revolved as much around the defence of a singularly British heritage in terms of political, social and economic institutions, as a purely geographical or military threat. While the “threat” was more often perceived as assuming an Asian or non-European identity, Australians also had a history of feeling socially insecure when confronted by “non-British groups” within their own shores; the extent of that insecurity varying according to more specific ethnic categorisations within the general “non-British” label (i.e. northern c.f. southern Europeans, western c.f. eastern Europeans). The significance of the post-war period is that within two years of the formation of an Immigration bureaucracy by a party which had traditionally been hostile to immigration, an immigration programme had also begun to be formulated which would eventually allow, encourage, and financially assist, the introduction of groups which, traditionally, were depicted as posing the very threat to Australian homogeneity which immigration had been posited as assuaging.

New Zealanders’ motivations for migrating to Australia and the effect of migration on their cultural and national identity were examined through analysis of interviews and surveys with New Zealand migrants and stayers. Factors influencing the move included economic pull factors, lifestyle factors, family reunification, some dissatisfaction with New Zealand society, the desire for a change, and a sense of adventure. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with their new lives in Australia, and once resident there, initial motivating reasons merged with factors which reinforced and justified the decision to move. These included the benefits of a warmer climate, the perception that Australia was a more relaxed and tolerant society, and the belief by Maori that living in Australia freed them from negative stereotypes.New Zealand migrants to Australia revised their identity in light of their new experiences, and yet continued to view New Zealand positively, retaining aspects of their New Zealand identity as part of their ongoing evolving identity. However, while feeling at home in both countries, as time went on many migrants adopted a more Australian identity. Over time, they considered Australia was superior in a number of respects, and adapted and changed in response to Australian influences. Despite this, migrants maintained the boundary between New Zealand and Australian characteristics through a process of constant comparisons and, somewhat ambivalently, retained their strong positive regard for New Zealand. In the main, participants considered they could be happy in either country, but were happier in Australia. Migrants constructed positive reasons to justify their move and viewed themselves as adventurous and determined, while stayers constructed equally positive reasons for staying in New Zealand, seeing themselves as settled and stable.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1927. / Vita. Without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 355-371.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1927. / Vita. Without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 355-371.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: School of Nursing. Bibliography: leaves 112-122. Also available online via the Internet.

Diss.--Geschichtswissenschaften--Universität Hamburg.

Phénomène majeur de la France contemporaine, l’immigration n’a pas toujours été massive : ce fut le cas notamment sous la IVe République. Plusieurs études sur l’immigration ont abordé cette période, mais jamais en tant que telle. C’est ce manque que cette thèse a pour objectif de pallier : il s’agit d’aborder cette tranche de l’histoire de l’immigration en France de manière totale. Tout en retraçant au préalable les caractéristiques du fait migratoire de l’époque, ce travail traite de la politique mise en place par l’État ; elle s'intéresse, en changeant de point de vue, aux attitudes de l’opinion publique face aux immigrés, enfin, elle se focalise sur le devenir des immigrés eux-mêmes, en particulier sur la manière dont les politiques et attitudes nationales influèrent sur la marche de leur intégration. L’axe de problématisation principal retenu est le suivant : la IVe République, dans l’histoire de l’immigration en France, représente-t-elle une rupture, ou suit-elle une ligne déjà amorcée antérieurement ? Il s’agit en effet de mettre en perspective cette période, en analysant les héritages des structures, des hommes, des idées provenant de l’entre-deux-guerres et de la France de Vichy. Cette démarche se situe donc à la croisée de l’histoire des mouvements migratoires et des idées, de l’histoire sociale, économique, et culturelle ainsi que de la démographie historique. / Immigration, a major phenomenon in French contemporary history, has not always been massive, as the case of the Fourth Republic shows. Several studies on immigration broached this period, but none focused specifically on it. This dissertation thesis aims at filling this gap: its purpose is to analyze this period of French immigration globally. After depicting the characteristics of immigration at that time, the thesis deals first with State policy. It adopts thereafter a different point of view and analyzes public opinion’s attitudes towards migrants. Finally, it focuses on the migrants themselves, and looks particularly at how national policies and attitudes influenced their integration. The central issue consists in assessing whether the Fourth Republic marked a break with the tendency of former immigration history, or whether it perpetuated the ancient line. The dissertation puts this period into perspective, by analyzing the legacy of structures, agents and ideas inherited from the interwar period and Vichy France. It is therefore situated at the crossroad between history of migration and of ideas, social, cultural and economic history, as well as historical demography.