Thesis (M.S.), Biology--University of Central Oklahoma, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-35 ).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ball State University, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 09, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-43).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / Dr. Cheng Zhu, Committee Chair ; Dr. Periasamy Selvaraj, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Timothy Wick, Committee Member ; Dr. Lyle Sinor, Committee Member ; Dr. Raymond Vito, Committee Member ; Dr. Robert Nerem, Committee Member.

Orientador: Sonia Maria Alves Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MariaCristianeMartinsde_M.pdf: 4631873 bytes, checksum: 3ea11569f1a6cd0e7b608b162b33068a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As imunoglobulinas (em particular, Imunoglobulina G (IgG)) têm uma aplicação ampla, sendo essenciais em testes de diagnóstico in vitro, em terapia, análises e investigação em diversas áreas. Muitos estudos têm sido realizados visando à purificação de IgG, destacando-se as técnicas de adsorção seletiva, como as cromatografias de troca iônica, negativa e de afinidade. Neste contexto, aplicou-se a cromatografia negativa com diaminas imobilizadas para purificação de IgG a partir do soro e plasma humano em uma única etapa, visando à obtenção de um alto grau de pureza. Os experimentos cromatográficos envolveram cinco etapas: condicionamento, alimentação, lavagem, eluição e regeneração da coluna cromatográfica. Para determinação do melhor ligante para adsorção de impurezas, realizaram-se ensaios com os adsorventes w-aminopropil-agarose, w-aminohexilagarose, w-aminohexil-bisoxirano-agarose, w-aminooctil-agarose, w-aminodecilbisoxirano- agarose, w-aminododecil-bisoxirano-agarose e DEAE-agarose na presença de diferentes sistemas tamponantes. De acordo com eletroforeses SDSPAGE e análises nefelométricas das frações dos picos de proteínas obtidos, a melhor condição utilizada para a purificação de IgG a partir de soro e plasma humano diluído em HEPES 25 mM a pH 6,8 e MOPS pH 7,9, respectivamente, em ?-aminohexil-bisoxirano-agarose, atingindo fator de purificação de 6,8 vezes e pureza superior a 95%. As isotermas de adsorção de albumina, principal impureza do soro e do plasma humano, ajustadas pelo modelo de Langmuir, indicaram alta capacidade de adsorção de albumina dos géis ?-aminohexil-bisoxirano-agarose e ?-aminodecil-bisoxirano-agarose, de 206,6 e 78,6 mg/mL de adsorvente, respectivamente. Os adsorventes ?-aminohexil-bisoxirano-agarose e ?- aminodecil-bisoxirano-agarose mostraram-se mais eficientes para purificação de IgG em termos de rendimento (76,8 e 74,7%, respectivamente) e capacidade dinâmica (4,23 e 4,51 mg de IgG/mL de adsorvente, respectivamente), do que o gel controle DEAE-agarose (51,9% de rendimento e 3,19 mg de IgG/mL de adsorvente). / Abstract: Immunoglobulins, in particular immunoglobulin G (IgG), have a broad application range and are essential to in vitro diagnostic tests, in therapies and researches in several fields. Many studies have been done aiming IgG purification, mainly using techniques of selective adsorption, such as ion exchange chromatography and negative affinity. In this context, the concept of negative chromatography with immobilized diamines was used for IgG purification from human serum and plasma in a single step, aiming to obtain high pure IgG. Chromatographic experiments involved five steps: conditioning, feeding, washing, elution and regeneration of the column. In order to determine the best condition for adsorption of impurities, trial experiments were performed with ?-aminopropylagarose, ?-aminohexyl-agarose, ?-aminooctyl-agarose, ?-aminodecyl-agarose, ?-aminododecyl-agarose and DEAE-agarose using different buffer systems. According to SDS-PAGE and nephelometry analysis, the most selective adsorbent was ?-aminohexyl-bisoxyrane-agarose using HEPES 25 mM pH 6.8 and MOPS pH 7.9 buffers for IgG purification from human serum and plasma, respectively, reaching purification factor of 6.8 times and purity of over 95%. Adsorption isotherms of albumin, main impurity of the human serum and plasma, adjusted by the Langmuir model, showed a high capacity of absorption of albumin by the gels w-aminohexyl-bisoxyrane-agarose and w-aminodecyl-bisoxyrane-agarose, of 206,6 and 78,6 mg/mL of adsorbent, respectively. The absorbents w-aminohexylbisoxyrane- agarose and w-aminodecyl-bisoxyrane-agarose showed more efficient for the purification of IgG regarding the yielding (76,8 and 74,7%, respectively) and dynamic capacity (4,23 and 4,51 mg of IgG/mL of absorbent, respectively), than the control gel DEAE-agarose (51,9% of yield and 3,19 mg of IgG/mL of adsorbent). / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Sônia Maria Alves Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pavan_GiseleLuiza_M.pdf: 8113456 bytes, checksum: 17ffd6547356e32bd63a48ccb9192979 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Imunoglobulinas são anticorpos secretados por células imunitárias em resposta a introdução de um antígeno. A imunoglobulina G (IgG) de origem humana, com alto grau de pureza, tem sido empregada como prescrição terapêutica para inúmeros casos de doenças malignas, infecciosas, auto-imunes e inflamatórias. Normalmente, a IgG é purificada através da precipitação com etanol seguida de cromatografia de afinidade com proteína A ou G imobilizada, no entanto, por apresentar alto custo, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas de afinidade alternativas. Membranas, nas quais podem ser imobilizados os ligantes de afinidade, tornam-se uma alternativa aos géis tradicionais apresentando maior capacidade hidrodinâmica. Neste contexto, estudou-se o efeito da remoção do sal em diferentes sistemas tamponantes na purificação de IgG a partir do soro humano por cromatografia de afinidade com íons imobilizados (IMAC), para o módulo de membranas de fibras ocas de PEVA-CM-Asp- Me2+, para os íons metálicos níquel e cobalto. De acordo com eletroforeses SDS-PAGE e análises de nefelometria das frações dos picos de proteína obtidos, a melhor condição utilizada para a purificação de IgG para os adsorventes PEVA-CM-Asp-Ni2+ e PEVA-CM-Asp-Co2+, foi em presença do sistema tamponante fosfato de sódio 25 mmol L-1 e imidazol 2 mmol L-1 a pH 7,0 utilizando o aumento da concentração de imidazol como estratégia de eluição, alcançando pureza superior a 93% para ambos íons metálicos. Determinada a melhor condição de purificação, por meio das isotermas de adsorção, foi determinada a capacidade máxima de adsorção e a constante de dissociação dos complexos CM-Asp-Ni2+-IgG e CM-Asp-Co2+-IgG que, de acordo com o ajuste dos parâmetros pelo modelo de Langmuir e Langmuir-Freundlich, demonstraram boa capacidade de adsorção e constantes de dissociação características de sistemas utilizando ligantes pseudobioespecíficos. Para as filtrações em módulo de fibras ocas, construído em nosso laboratório, determinaram-se as curvas de ruptura, sendo que os resultados obtidos para as membranas finamente cortadas foram melhores que os obtidos para os de filtração em módulo de fibras ocas / Abstract: Immunoglobulins are secreted by immune cells in response to the introduction of an antigen. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) obtained from human sources with high purity has been used as therapeutic prescription for many cases of malicious, infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Typically, IgG is purified by precipitation with ethanol followed by affinity chromatography with immobilized protein A or G, however, due to its high cost, it is necessary to develop alternative techniques based on affinity. Affinity membranes, which may be immobilized on the affinity ligands, show a higher hydrodynamic capacity than typical gels. In this context, the effect of salt was studied in different buffer systems in the purification of IgG from human serum by Immobilized Metal-ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) for the module PEVA-CM-Asp-Me2+ using ions Ni2+ and Co2+. According to SDS-PAGE and nephelometric analysis fractions of protein peaks obtained, the best condition used for purification of IgG to the adsorbents PEVA-CM-Asp-Ni2+ and PEVA-CM-Asp-Co2+ was in the presence of sodium phosphate buffer system 25 mmol L-1 and 2 mmol L-1 imidazole at pH 7.0 using increasing concentration of imidazole as elution strategy, achieving a purity higher than 93% for both metal ions. The maximum adsorption capacity and dissociation constant of complexes CM-Asp-Ni2+-IgG and CM-Asp-Co2+-IgG by adsorption isotherms were determined on the best condition of purification and the adjustment of parameters by the Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models, it demonstrated good adsorption capacity and dissociation constants characteristics of systems using pseudobioespecific ligands. For filtration in hollow fiber module, constructed in our laboratory, breakthrough curves were determined; also for the best condition of purification, and the results for finely chopped membranes were better than those obtained for the filtration module and hollow fibers / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common clinical problem affecting 600,000 patients per year in the United States. Although the diagnosis can be easily confirmed by imaging techniques, such as computed tomographic angiography of the chest, the identification of underlying mechanism leading to PE is important for appropriate duration of anticoagulation, and prevention of subsequent episodes. The differential diagnosis of underlying mechanism is broad and must include careful review of medication history. Drug-related thromboembolic disease can be easily missed and may have catastrophic consequences. The identification of the culprit drug is important for prevention of subsequent episodes and choosing appropriate duration of anticoagulation. We report a case of a middle-aged man who developed PE after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin.

Orientador: Sonia Maria Alves Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T12:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmignotto_GabrielaPannunzio_M.pdf: 6143089 bytes, checksum: aa61b4762764a38220fc51226e410a80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os fragmentos Fab de imunoglobulina G são utilizados principalmente em testes diagnósticos e terapias. Por apresentarem tamanho reduzido, os fragmentos Fab possuem maior facilidade de penetração em tecidos e maior velocidade de circulação no plasma quando comparados à IgG intacta. A purificação dos fragmentos Fab é realizada geralmente por cromatografia de afinidade utilizando os ligantes bioespecíficos proteína A, proteína G e proteína L. Entretanto, esses ligantes apresentam algumas desvantagens, entre elas seu elevado custo e a necessidade de eluição em condições drásticas. Como alternativa, muitos estudos têm sido realizados empregando ligantes pseudobioespecíficos e de interação mista visando o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias que proporcionem a purificação dos fragmentos Fab. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a seletividade das poliaminas ?-aminohexil e poli(etilenoimina) imobilizadas em gel de agarose na separação de fragmentos Fab humano a partir de uma solução de IgG humana clivada enzimaticamente, empregando diferentes sistemas tamponantes. A recuperação seletiva dos fragmentos Fab foi avaliada por eletroforese SDS-PAGE, Western blot e imunodifusão radial. Os resultados indicaram que nas cromatografias realizadas em gel ?-aminohexil-agarose em Tris-HCl a pH 8,0, os fragmentos Fab foram recuperados nas frações não retidas, com valores calculados de pureza de 97% e recuperação de 100%. Nas cromatografias realizadas em gel PEI-agarose empregando o tampão Tris-HCl nos valores de pH de 7,5 e 8,0, a pureza obtida foi de 96% e a recuperação foi de 94% e 93%, respectivamente. As curvas de ruptura para os adsorventes foram determinadas e os resultados obtidos indicaram melhor recuperação do fragmento Fab com alta pureza no flowthrough para o ligante ?-aminohexil (2,7 mg) quando comparado ao ligante PEI (0,8 mg). A isoterma de adsorção de fragmentos Fc para o adsorvente ?-aminohexil-agarose foi determinada e os parâmetros capacidade de adsorção de 44,32 mg.mL-1 de gel e constante de dissociação de 1,11.10-5 mol.L-1 foram obtidos por ajuste destes parâmetros segundo o modelo de Langmuir-Freundlich. O valor de n obtido foi igual a 1,68, indicando cooperatividade positiva na adsorção dos fragmentos Fc e IgG não clivada. Os resultados mostraram que as poliaminas ?-aminohexil e PEI apresentaram potencial como ligantes para a purificação de fragmentos Fab / Abstract: Fab fragments from immunoglobulin G are considered an important tool for the therapy and diagnose of diseases. Their reduced molecular size is an advantage over the intact IgG allowing faster tissue penetration and circulation in the plasm. Fab fragments are often purified by affinity chromatography using biospecifics ligands, such as protein A, protein G, and protein L. However, the use of those ligands is hindered by their high costs and elution in drastic conditions. Several studies have been performed for the development of new techniques to improve the chromatographic purification of Fab fragment, e.g., using pseudobiospecifics or mix-mode ligands. In this context, we have evaluated the efficiencies of polyamines ?-aminohexyl and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) ligands immobilized in agarose gel aiming the purification of human Fab fragments. Our chromatographic studies were conducted feeding cleaved human IgG solution into the aforementioned adsorbents using different adsorption buffers and conditions. The selectivity towards Fab fragments was evaluated using SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and radial immunodiffusion. The chromatography performed with ?-aminohexyl-agarose using Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0 recovered 100% of the Fab fragments with 97% of purity. Studies done with adsorbent PEI-agarose using Tris-HCl pH 7.5 and 8.0 as adsorption buffers recovered 94% and 93% of Fab fragments, respectively, with 97% of purity. Breakthrough curves experiments showed that the ?-aminohexyl ligand was superior than PEI ligand in terms of recovering Fab fragment with high purity in flowthrough (2.7 mg against 0.8 mg, respectively). The adsorption isotherm of ?-aminohexil-agarose adsorbent was determined adjusted by the Langmuir-Freundlich model as well (Qm: 44.32 mg.mL-1 of gel; Kd: 1.11.10-5 mol.L-1). Additionally, Fc fragments and IgG binding showed positive cooperativity (n=1.68). All these results indicate that ?-aminohexyl and PEI polyamines are potential ligands for the purification of Fab fragments and can possibly improve the existing techniques employed for this purpose / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestra em Engenharia Química

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO. / World Health Organization / Revisión por pares

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.