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PLGA-based nanoparticles for targeting of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy and immunomonitoringGhotbi, Zahra 06 1900 (has links)
Cancer vaccines have shown little success in clinic. Dendritic cells (DCs) are of particular interest in cancer vaccination due to their role in cell-mediated immunity. Active targeting of DCs, through PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) decorated with ligands for DC-expressed mannose receptor (MR) can enhance internalization, processing and presentation of antigens and subsequent immnuostimulation. In this study we have shown PLGA-NPs decorated with mannan and the synthetic hydrophobized mannan, especially those with covalent attachment, can target DCs leading to increased uptake of nanoparticles and DC maturation. This approach may be used for improved delivery of antigens and adjuvants to DCs and development of more efficient cancer vaccines.
Moreover, significant progress in cancer vaccination requires immunomonitoring. Live imaging using a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) probe encapsulated in PLGA-NPs can elucidate dynamics of recruitment and fate of DCs to develop successful vaccines. The PET-nanoprobe prepared by radio-iodinated 5-IDFPdR demonstrated uncontrolled high burst release implying low quality images. / Pharmaceutical Sciences
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PLGA-based nanoparticles for targeting of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy and immunomonitoringGhotbi, Zahra Unknown Date
No description available.
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Etude des réponses lymphocytaires T CD4 anti-tumorales : de l'identification de cibles à leur utilisation pour l'immunomonitorage / Study of antitumor CD4 T cell responses : from identification of targets to their use for immunomonitoringGalaine, Jeanne 14 December 2015 (has links)
Les cellules du système immunitaire sont capables de reconnaître et d'éliminer les cellules cancéreuses prévenant ainsi l'apparition de cancers. Parmi celles-ci, l'activité antitumorale est principalement attribuée aux lymphocytes T CD4 helper de type 1 (Thl). Les lymphocytes CD4 sont activés lors de la reconnaissance d'un antigène (Ag) de tumeur présenté par le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe II (CMH-II). Ils possèdent des propriétés cytotoxiques propres et activent les autres cellules immunitaires. Dans un premier temps, nous nous somme intéressés au mécanisme de présentation sur le CMH-II de la télomérase (hTERT). La protéine hTERT est capable d'interagir avec les HSPGs facilitant ainsi son internalisation par les DC. Elle emprunte ensuite les voies endolysosomale et cytosolique pour générer des peptides nommés UCP présentés dans le contexte HLA-DR. Cette découverte soutient son utilisation en immunothérapie associée aux chimiothérapies. Nous avons ensuite identifié quatre peptides dérivés de hTERT restreints HLA-DP4 puis comparé leur immunogénicité avec les UCP. Cette analyse a mis en évidence la supériorité des UCP en termes d'immunoprévalence et d'immunodominance. Enfin, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'acquisition d'une résistance à l'oxaliplatine sur le profil antigénique de lignées tumorales de cancers colorectaux (CCR). L'évaluation des réponses immunitaires de patients atteints de CCR nous a permis d'identifier des peptides immunogènes dérivés d'Ag surexprimés après une exposition à l'oxaliplatine. En conclusion, ces travaux pourront participer à l'amélioration des stratégies d'immunothérapie et d'immunomonitoring ciblant les lymphocytes CD4 Thl. / Immune cells are able to recognize and eliminate cancer cells to prevent from cancer development. Among them, antitumoral activity is mainly attributed to CD4 T helper 1 (Thl) cells. CD4 Thl cells are activated upon recognition of tumor antigen presented on the Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. These cells possess their own cytotoxic capacities and activate other immune cells. Firstly, we were interested in the mechanism of presentation of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) which is an attractive tumor antigen target for immunotherapies. hTERT protein can interact with cell surface HSPGs facilitating its internalization by DC. Then, hTERT uses thé endo-lysosomal and cytosolic proteolysis pathways to generale immunogenic peptides named UCP (Universal Cancer Peptide) presented in HLA-DR context. This discovery is an additional argument in favor of using hTERT as a target for cancer immunotherapies. Then, we identified four novel hTERT-derived peptides presented by HLA-DP4 and compared their immunogenicity with UCP. This analysis highlighted the superiority of UCP in term of immunoprevalence and immunodominance. This stresses the importance of considering MHC-II locus for immunotherapy strategies stimulating CD4 T cells. Finally, we studied the impact of oxaliplatin treatment and/or oxaliplatin résistance acquisition on CRC antigenome. Evaluation of immune responses in CRC patients permitted the identification of immunogenic peptides derived from antigens upregulated after oxaliplatin exposition. In conclusion, this work could participate in the improvement of cancer immunotherapies and immunomonitoring targeting CD4 Thl cells.
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