No description available.

Orientador: Marcio Jose Menon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T22:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_GeovannaLuizPereirada_M.pdf: 9792515 bytes, checksum: 1b4a308cdedc594904027c57497be003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Apresenta-se um estudo das Representações de Parâmetro de Impacto e Eiconal através de uma análise empírica dos dados experimentais de espalhamento elástico próton-próton, na região de mais alta energia com informações experimentais disponíveis (seis conjuntos de dados no intervalo de energia no centro de massa 19.4 - 62.5 GeV). Fazendo-se uso de uma nova parametrização independente de modelo para a amplitude de espalhamento e através de reduções (ajustes) dos dados experimentais de seção de choque diferencial, determina-se as funções de perfil (partes real e imaginária), recobrimento inelástica e eiconal (partes real e imaginária) no espaço de parâmetro de impacto. Utilizando-se um método semi-analítico, determina-se a função opacidade (parte imaginária da eiconal) no espaço de momento transferido. Todos os resultados empíricos para essas grandezas são determinados com as incertezas correspondentes, calculadas através da propagação de erros dos parâmetros livres de ajuste (variâncias e covariâncias). Em particular, mostra-se que a função de recobrimento inelástica apresenta um efeito periférico em torno de 2,0 fm e que os resultados empíricos para a função opacidade podem ser analiticamente parametrizados por três contribuições gaussianas, dominantes nas regiões de pequeno, médio e grande momento transferido. Discute-se interpretações físicas dos resultados (aspectos ópticos/geométricos e baseados na QCD), bem como a aplicabilidade dos resultados empíricos na seleção, construção e desenvolvimento de modelos fenomenológicos, em particular, aqueles baseados ou inspirados na QCD / Abstract: The Impact Parameter and Eikonal Representations are investigated by means of an empirical analysis of the experimental data on proton-proton elastic scattering, at the highest energy region with experimental information available (six data sets at center of mass energies 19.4 - 62.5 GeV). Making use of a novel model-independent parametrization for the scattering amplitude and data reductions (fits) to differential cross section data, we extract the profile function (real and imaginary parts), the inelastic overlap function and the eikonal function (real and imaginary parts) in the impact parameter space. By means of a semi-analytical method, the opacity function (imaginary part of the eikonal) is also extracted in the momentum transfer space. All the empirical results for these quantities are determined with the corresponding uncertainties, evaluated through error propagation from the free fit parameters (variances and covariances). In particular, it is shown that the inelastic overlap functions present a peripheral effect around 2.0 fm and that the empirical results for the opacity function can be analytically parametrized by three Gaussian components each one with leading contribution at small, intermediate and large values of the momentum transfer. Physical interpretations of the results are discussed (optical/geometrical and QCD-based aspects), as well as the applicability of the empirical results in the selection, construction and development of phenomenological models, mainly those based or inspired in QCD / Mestrado / Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos / Mestra em Física

L'expérience D0 se déroule au laboratoire Fermilab situé aux Etats-Unis. Elle étudie les collisions proton-antiproton à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 1,96 TeV fournies par l'accélérateur TeVatron. L'acquisition des données par le détecteur D0 utilise un système de déclenchement sophistiqué permettant de sélectionner les collisions présentant un potentiel de physique intéressant. Le processeur électronique L2STT permet de déclencher sur la présence de particules à longue durée de vie dans l'état final. C'est par exemple le cas de la désintégration du Higgs en une paire de quarks b. Sa conception bénéficie des avancées récentes dans le domaine des hautes technologies. Ce système est dorénavant complètement installé et permettra très prochainement une optimisation supplémentaire de la stratégie de déclenchement de l'expérience. Les leptoquarks sont des particules responsables d'une interaction hypothétique entre les quarks et les leptons du Modèle Standard. La mise en évidence d'une telle particule serait interprétée comme signalant l'existence d'une nouvelle physique. Il s'agit dans ce manuscrit d'une recherche directe dans la topologie à jets et énergie transverse manquante. Dans le but de mener à bien cette recherche, une méthode de déclenchement devrait tout d'abord être développée ainsi qu'un outil précis pour déterminer son efficacité. L'analyse des événements présentant la topologie de jets acoplanaires a été conduite sur un lot de données correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de $85 pb^-1$. Cette analyse a permis d'exclure un domaine de masse pour les leptoquarks allant de $85 GeV/c^2$ à $109 GeV/c^2$ à 95% de niveau de confiance.

The impact parameter (IP) approximation is a semiclassical model in quantum scattering theory wherein N large masses interact with one small mass. We study this model in one spatial dimension using the tools of time-dependent scattering theory, considering a system of two large-mass particles and one small-mass particle. We demonstrate that the model's predictive power becomes arbitrarily good as the masses of the two heavy particles are made larger by studying the S-matrix for a particular scattering channel. We also show that the IP wave functions can be made arbitrarily close to the full three-body solution, uniformly in time, provided one of the large masses is fixed in place, and that such a result probably will not hold if we allow all the masses to move. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Title: Measurement of Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0 → ηcK0 S at Belle Experi- ment, Optimization Studies of the Belle II Vertex Detector Author: Zbyněk Drásal Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal, IPNP Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This doctoral thesis deals with two independent topics. In the first part we present a measurement of branching ratio(s) and time-dependent CP violation parame- ters in B0 (B± ) → ηcK0 S(K± ), ηc → p¯p. The values of CP violation parameters have been found as follows: sin 2φ1, denoted as an SCP parameter, equals: SCP = 0.68+0.38 −0.46±0.13syst, the direct CP violation parameter, denoted as an ACP , is: ACP = 0.00+0.23 −0.31 ± 0.08syst. These results have been obtained with the final data sample of 772×106 B ¯B pairs collected at Υ(4S) resonance with a Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e− asymmetric collider machine in Japan. In the second part, we present our approach to the Monte Carlo (MC) simula- tion of Belle II vertex detector and its response to high energy particles. Belle II represents an upgrade of current Belle experiment and its designed vertex detector will consist of 2 layers of Depfet pixel detectors (PXD) and 4 layers of double-sided silicon micro-strip detectors (SVD). The MC...

The proton, one of the basic constituents of atoms, was discovered around 1920. Its structure has been intensively studied since that time mainly with the help of proton- proton collision experiments. Main progress has started when corresponding experiments at the world's first hadron collider ISR at CERN which ran from 1971 to 1984 were performed. The understanding of the structure and interactions of this subatomic particle protons has been, however, rather incomplete. Only some very general models have been available especially in the case of higher collision energies when very different kinds of collisions have existed. Some very simplifying assumptions of unclear physical meaning have been then involved in models concerning elastic processes. The influence of these assumptions on physical interpretation has started to be studied and some progress has been made when the eikonal model has been proposed, i.e., the dependence of elastic collisions on corresponding impact parameter values has been taken into account from the beginning. However, even if some new results have been obtained many unanswered questions have remained. For example, the collision process has been denoted generally as probabilistic but corresponding probabilities have not been sufficiently defined and determined. The given thesis contains,...

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-21T11:35:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T11:35:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Os projetos de carrocerias veiculares atuais procuram desenvolver estruturas leves, seja para reduzir o consumo de combustível, no caso dos motores de combustão interna, seja para maior autonomia de bateria, no caso dos veículos elétricos e híbridos. Redução no consumo de combustível significa redução na emissão de poluentes. As estruturas precisam ser leves, mas cada vez mais resistentes e rígidas a fim de proporcionar máximo conforto e segurança aos ocupantes. Estas premissas têm levado ao contínuo desenvolvimento dos materiais. No caso dos aços, um dos processos que tem permitido a melhora significativa das propriedades mecânicas é a estampagem a quente. Nos últimos anos, as peças estampadas a quente têm ocupado lugar de destaque na estrutura das carrocerias veiculares por estarem em sintonia com as demandas mencionadas. Há muitas pesquisas em curso para esta tecnologia, seja nos materiais, nos meios de produção, nos revestimentos e em aplicações. O aço mais utilizado neste processo, 22MnB5, também apresenta o chamado efeito bake hardening; a tensão de escoamento é aumentada após tratamento térmico realizado em temperaturas próximas a 200 °C. Neste trabalho, visando à melhoria nas propriedades mecânicas, amostras foram tratadas termicamente na faixa de temperatura supracitada. Após isso, dados obtidos de ensaios mecânicos foram inseridos em programas de simulação de impacto lateral cujo resultado foi a redução na intrusão na célula de sobrevivência. O efeito bake hardening também propiciou um aumento na absorção da energia de impacto em teste estático feito com barras de proteção lateral. O mecanismo metalúrgico envolvido no fenômeno, devido à difusão de intersticiais foi evidenciado no ensaio de atrito interno. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Under the influence of standardly used (however, very simplified) description of Coulomb-hadronic interference proposed by West and Yennie (1968) the protons have been interpreted as "transparent" objects; elastic collisions have been interpreted as more central than inelastic ones. This property may be hardly put in agreement with the fact that in the majority of hadronic collisions many different particles have been created at high energies. Using the more general eikonal model it will be shown that the protons may be interpreted in agreement with usual conception; elastic processes being more peripheral than inelastic ones. The contemporary TOTEM experiment at the LHC accelerator in CERN devoted to measurement of elastic pp scattering and diffractive processes at the highest ever reached energies will be described. The eikonal model will be explained to greater details, generalized and applied to experimental data of elastic pp collisions under different assumptions at 52.8 GeV (older ISR data measured at CERN) and also at much higher energy of 8 TeV (new TOTEM data). The impact of different assumptions on determination of several quantities specifying hadron interaction will be studied. Mainly the assumptions influencing behaviour of elastic collisions in dependence on impact parameter of colliding...