Orientadores: Archimedes Perez Filho, Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Comitre_Valeria_D.pdf: 5581255 bytes, checksum: 8048fa0f6041c0546a82a6d6834fde86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de energia do setor de papel e celulose do Estado de São Paulo frente à expectativa de demanda da indústria para o ano 2005, bem como a substituição do óleo combustível pela lenha no processo de produção industrial e, os impactos dela decorrentes sobre a agricultura e o setor florestal, do ponto de vista econômico, social e ambiental. O suporte metodológico baseou-se no instrumental do planejamento energético e na construção de cenários para um horizonte temporal de dez anos, compreendendo o período 1995-2005. Os resultados das projeções do consumo de energia para o setor em 2005 e a análise do potencial econômico da substituição entre os energéticos, mostraram que o modelo utilizado representa um instrumental importante e consistente para análises prospectivas. Para a indústria, os consumos de energia projetados responderam satisfatoriamente às expectativas de aumento da produção de papel e celulose para suprir a demanda interna e das exportações. A análise econômica demonstrou os benefícios de se promover a substituição do óleo combustível pela lenha dos próprios reflorestamentos do setor devido à economia de custos. A substituição mostrou-se ainda, ser uma medida de conservação dos recursos naturais, mediante a economia de energia primária, fonte estratégica dentro do atual modelo de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico. Os impactos no setor agrícola decorrentes da ampliação das áreas reflorestadas, necessárias à expansão do setor, levam à intensificação do deslocamento de determinadas culturas. Em relação à ocupação da força de trabalho tem-se uma redução, embora pequena, da demanda pela mão-de-obra agrícola, ou seja, de restrição da oferta de emprego / Abstract: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the energy consumption within the paper and pulp sectors in São Paulo State. Were considered in this study the industry' s expected demands towards the year 2005, the replacement of oil by timber in the industrial production process, and its impact on agriculture and forestry sectors under the economical, social and environmental points of view. The methodology was based on instrumentaIs for energetic planing and scenarios for the period of 1995-2005. The results for the energy consumption projected for the year 2005, and the economic potential analysis of the replacement among the energetic materiaIs, show that the used model represents an important and consistent tool for prospective analysis. For the industries the energy consumption had satisfactory answers to the paper and pulp production growth, expected to satisfy internal as well as external demands. The economical analysis shows the benefit in promoting substitution of oi! by timber produced within the sector, due to the economy in costs. This replacement has shown to be a good measure for natural resources conservation, once it promotes economy of primary energy, a strategic resource in the present social-economic development model. The impacts on the agricultural sector resulted from the increase in forested areas, necessary to the sector's expansion, lead to the increase in changes of areas previously occupied by some crops. Considering the use of working force, there is a slight reduction on the demand for agricultural labour, i.e., a restriction on job offers / Doutorado / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Dans le désert Libyque (Égypte), l'un des plus arides du monde, l'action du vent trouvant peu de limites, l'ablation et le transport éoliens sont des éléments prégnants de la morphogenèse. Au cœur de ce désert, les oasis de la dépression de Kharga, nées de l'artésianisme et des activités humaines, constituent au contraire, par la profusion de l'eau et de la végétation, des secteurs où les processus de dépôt sont renforcés. L'imbrication entre une région désertique (zone-source de sédiments) et des sites oasiens (zones de dépôt), où s'appliquent des processus opposés, maximise les dynamiques éoliennes et leur impact morphogénétique. Il en découle la formation des paysages du vent, que cette thèse vise à décrire, comprendre et expliquer. Mobilisant des méthodes de géomorphologie, de géoarchéologie, de géohistoire et de sédimentologie, ce travail rend compte de l'impact paysager des interactions entre activités humaines et dynamiques éoliennes depuis la création des oasis il y a 2 500 ans. Il présente un bilan des processus naturels et anthropiques, et aborde la question des conditions de vie des oasiens depuis l'Antiquité.Trois apports principaux résultent de cette recherche :- une typologie des formations constitutives des paysages du vent- une modélisation descriptive du système à leur origine, reposant sur des cycles asynchrones de colonisation et de déprises- un bilan des grandes tendances de l'évolution environnementale et morphogénétique sur le temps long, depuis l'implantation des oasis : les paysages du vent sont nés de la distorsion entre la dégradation environnementale régionale et l'amélioration locale et temporaire des conditions édaphiques résultant des activités humaines. / The limiting features of the wind dynamics are scarce in the Western desert of Egypt, one of the most arid areas in the world: eolian ablation and transport are the prevailing factors of the morphogenesis. Born from artesian waters and human activities, the oases of Kharga basin form an area where the deposition processes are stronger thanks to the large amount of water and vegetation. Eolian dynamics, and their morphogenetic impacts, are strengthened by the nesting of oasis sites (deposition areas) in a desert region (sediment source-zone). The landscapes of the wind are thus formed by the juxtaposition of these areas where opposed processes occur. This thesis aims to describe, understand and explain their development.This work based on geomorphology, geoarchaeology, « géohistoire » and sedimentology gives an account on the impacts on the landscapes of the interactions between eolian dynamics and human activities since the creation of the oases 2 500 years ago. It consists in an overview of the natural and anthropogenic processes and an assessment of the living conditions in the oasis since the Antiquity.The three main results of this research are:- a typology of the elements forming the landscapes of the wind;- a descriptive modelisation of the system at stake in their formations, which is based on an asynchronous cycle of colonisation and abandonment of the sites;- an overview of the main patterns of the long-term environmental and morphogenetic evolution since the creation of the oases.This triple contribution shows that the landscapes of the wind are born from the distortion between the regional environmental trend towards degraded conditions and the local and temporary improvements of the edaphic conditions due to human activities.