The aim of this thesis is to introduce modotemporal functions of paradigm hablaba in Spanish. In the theoretical part, we define basic concepts related to this theme and the basic functions of paradigm hablaba. Then we describe functions that are less typical for the given paradigm. We designate these functions as modal meanings and we pay most attention to them. We describe them mainly from the semantic point of view and we also introduce different kinds of theories, which try to explain these meanings. In the practical part, using parallel corpus InterCorp, we analyze the meanings of the paradigm hablaba in the selected occurrences and we introduce the examples of some sentences proving the statements from the theoretical part of the thesis. Key words: verbal paradigm, imperfect tense, modal meanings, Spanish, corpus, InterCorp

This theses is dedicated to the use of the verbal paradigms hablara and hablase in contemporary Spanish. We demonstrate that due to historical reasons the usage of paradigm hablara is much wider than that of hablase, which can be used only in the subjunctive meaning. According to the valid linguistic norm, the paradigm hablara (and not hablase) can be used instead of the Past Perfect (although it is not recommended). The same is evidenced with the conditional tense of the modal verbs querer, deber and poder as well as with the main clause of the unreal conditional clauses in the present tense. This means that these two verb paradigms can be arbitralily substituted only when used in the subjunctive function. On the basis of our own frecuency analysis of twenty most used Spanish verbs in the language corpus CREA, we prove that the frecuency of the hablase on average 18% in Spain and 10% in Latin America. Our analysis of this corpus material does not confirm the statement of some linguists that the frecuency of -se form is generally slightly higher in negative sentences. However, our analysis of a parallel corpus InterCorp seems to indicate that it is higher (by 7%) after the conditional conjunction ‚si'.

The goal of this work is the study of the alternation between two verb tenses Futuro do Pretérito ( Future of Past Tense) and Pretérito Imperfeito of the Indicativo (Imperfect Tense) in main clauses of hypothetical contexts in the speech of alagoanos (people who live in Alagoas, in the northeast of Brazil). We adopt as the theoretical and methodological framework the theory of Linguistic Variation (LABOV, 1972). The alternation between these two verb tenses becomes possible because of the fact that these tenses share the property to refer to unfinished/unbounded events/actions. What puzzles us is the reason(s) that makes a speaker choose one or another verb tense. We start from the hypothesis that the Imperfect Tense supersedes the Future of Past Tense in main clauses of hypothetical contexts of spoken language. In this dissertation we intend to verify what linguistic and non-linguistic variables are statistically significant in terms of VARBRUL for the dependent variable. For this purpose, we selected as external factors age, gender and educational level; and as internal factors we selected the formal parallelism and the order of the clause. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a variação entre o futuro do pretérito (FP) e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo (PII) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos. Seguimos como pressuposto teórico/metodológico o da Teoria da Variação Linguística, representado por William Labov (1972), uma vez que a variação é algo inerente à língua, já que ela é indissociável da comunidade que a fala e não existe comunidade linguística homogênea (BELINE, 2003). A alternância entre os tempos verbais (FP) e (PII) se torna possível pelo fato de esses verbos compartilharem a possibilidade de manifestar traços de aspecto inconcluso. O que nos intriga é (são) o (s) motivo (s) que leva (m) o falante a optar por uma forma ou outra. Partimos da hipótese de que o (PII) suplanta o (FP) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos, na língua falada. Nesta dissertação buscamos, portanto, verificar quais variáveis linguísticas e não linguísticas são estatisticamente significativas na rodagem do VARBRUL para a variável dependente. Para tanto, selecionamos como fatores externos: a idade, o sexo e a escolaridade; e como fatores internos: o paralelismo formal e a ordem da sentença.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NaraJAB_DISSERT.pdf: 612958 bytes, checksum: a8bb10f184372180ba364567f0b2d48e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Neste trabalho, tomamos como objeto de estudo a express?o da fun??o contrafactual presente em constru??es do tipo se p, ent?o q , com foco no uso alternado de formas verbais na estrutura??o da ap?dose/condicionado, cujo valor ? canonicamente designado pelo futuro do pret?rito. Trabalhamos com amostras de fala extra?das de reportagens televisivas veiculadas na televis?o brasileira entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. A base te?ricometodol?gica para nossa discuss?o adv?m dos princ?pios do Sociofuncionalismo (cf. TAVARES, 2003, 2011, 2013; GORSKI; TAVARES, 2013; entre outros) que, por sua vez, trabalha na interface entre os pressupostos do Funcionalismo lingu?stico (cf. GIV?N, 2001; BYBEE, 2010; entre outros) e da Sociolingu?stica (cf. WEINRICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 2008 [1972], 2001, 2010; entre outros). Averiguamos contextos lingu?sticos e extralingu?sticos pass?veis de influenciar a escolha do falante pelo futuro do pret?rito ou pelo pret?rito imperfeito, tanto em suas formas simples quanto em locu??es ou formas perifr?sticas. Para tanto, partimos da hip?tese de que fatores lingu?sticos como a ordem da senten?a e o paralelismo, e de que fatores sociais como o sexo e o n?vel de escolaridade sejam relevantes para a explica??o do uso alternado de formas verbais na codifica??o da indica??o contrafactual. Os resultados obtidos em nossa an?lise (qualitativa e quantitativa) apontam a relev?ncia de alguns desses fatores no uso efetivo das formas verbais futuro do pret?rito e do pret?rito imperfeito do indicativo nas ap?doses contrafactuais, e ressaltam o papel de princ?pios funcionalistas (a exemplo do princ?pio da marca??o e do princ?pio da iconicidade) sobre o uso vari?vel das formas verbais sob enfoque

Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect - disertační práce - Mgr. Martina Vaníková Summary The proposed thesis titled Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect is a pilot study that deals with the ways of expressing aspect in Latin, which is based on the detailed analysis of the functions of the verbal prefix ex- as one of the important components of this category. It also tries to find the method for the future research on the matter. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author gives summary of existing theories on aspect in general, with special attention given to the theories on aspect in the Czech and Latin language. The author defines the terms "aspect", "Aktionsart" and "situation type" at great length, and she particularly sets light to the term "telicity", distinguishing the "inherent telicity" from "maximizing". The practical part consist of: 1. a detailed analysis of all the occurrences of the indicative imperfect of the verbs with the prefix ex- from the corpus, which comprises of all well-preserved Latin texts from Plautus to Cicero; 2. an analysis of the indicative future and present tense forms of the selected verbs with the prefix ex-. Based on the analysis of the imperfect, the author verifies her hypothesis that the prefix...