Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-148). Also available on the Internet.

This dissertation examines the development of armaments production in Israel, South Africa and Yugoslavia and the implications thereof regarding military import dependency, arms exports, and defence production cooperation among developing arms producers. The dissertation concentrates on strategic and political issues of Third world arms production and does not deal with questions of arms industries and development. The dissertation makes three broad arguments: First, that truly indigenous arms production hardly exists in the three case study countries. I illustrate this by showing the heavy dependence of Israel, South Africa and Yugoslavia on foreign technology, licences, foreign components and foreign capital for all major -- and many minor -- weapons manufacturing projects undertaken since the 1960s. Second, that despite billions of dollars invested in building up respective defence industry sectors, all three states (or successor states in the case of Yugoslavia) remained dependent on imports of most of the same major weapons systems at the end of the Cold War as they were 30 years earlier. Embargo of systems such as fighter aircraft, ships and tanks by the old arms supplier oligopoly was the key reason for the initiation of arms production in all three countries. But the cancellation or failure of key arms manufacturing projects in all three countries, such as the Israeli Lavi fighter, means that far from achieving weapons supply independence, this dependency is set to continue into the next century Third, that despite the above two points, Israel, South Africa, Yugoslavia and other Third World arms producers have played an expanding and important role the world arms trade and proliferation of military technology since the 1970s. This seeming paradox will be illustrated by contrasting Israel's growing dependency on the United States for advanced weapons, capital and technology from 1970 to 1990, with the Israeli role as the single most important UN arms sanctions buster to South Africa from 1977 to the early 1990s; as an arms supplier to Argentina during the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War, to Iran during the Iran-Iraq War and to Guatemala after the 1977 U.S. arms cut-off. The dissertation concludes that while some arms production is bound to continue in all three states (or successor states), major weapons manufacturing projects are a thing of the past and will be initiated -- if at all -- with the cooperation of arms industries from the very industrialised powers which Israel, South Africa and Yugoslavia sought total independence from through indigenous arms production during the Cold War.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-189).

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48 pages / Policy on the parallel imports of medicines is being debated currently in Korea. This paper looks at several countries' trends, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement, and the Korean golf market to search for policy ideas. A simple consumer welfare benefit-cost and sensitivity analysis shows that parallel imports give not only consumers' surplus on parallel imported golf clubs, but also a much larger consumers' surplus on authorized brand versions.This paper makes the following recommendations: First, parallel imports should be permitted according to the principle of free trade, if the cost of parallel imports to the country is not much larger than the benefit. Second, even if parallel impmts are pem1itted, some exceptional cases should be allowed where international exhaustion is problematic. Third, governmental intervention, a clear labeling system, for example, is required to protect consumers, and help consumers make rational choices. / Note: This digital copy was scanned from a personal copy, and contains some underlining and marginalia.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: John C. Bernard, Dept. of Food & Resource Economics. Includes bibliographical references.

International transportation costs and the use of a country’s imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for ad valorem shipping and direct international transportation costs measures has been at the forefront of international transport costing debates. Many researchers and analysts use the imports cif/fob ratios as a proxy for direct transportation costs in the absence of direct measures. The study was motivated to examine the authenticity and use of the imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for international transport costs. The study highlights the impact of the use of the ratios in presenting and interpreting international transportation costs. The study examined, investigated and analysed data on the United States, Germany, South Africa and Malawi and provided empirical evidence that the imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for ad valorem shipping and international transport costs are distorted and misused and are therefore misrepresentative and uninformative of the actual direct shipping and international transport costs of countries. Evidence from the study shows severe limitations in using the imports cif/fob ratios, as the trade data used for devising them are largely unreliable and inaccurate. Users of the imports cif/fob ratios generally assume when using the ratios that, the composition of imports are constant. By means of correlation analysis, the evidence from the countries analysed in this study shows otherwise and prove that where the quality of trade data applied are reliable and accurate, a country’s composition of imports has a considerable and significant effect on the level and trend of the country’s imports cif/fob ratios. On the other hand, where the data is unreliable, the resulting imports cif/fob ratios from the computation are inaccurate and insignificant as an informative indicator of the country’s actual international transportation costs. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.