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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DISCOVERY OF NOVEL MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS AND METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF N-SULFINYL METALLODIENAMINES

Jin, Xiao January 2019 (has links)
My Ph.D. research consists of two components: discovery of novel macrolide antibiotics and methodology development of N-sulfinyl metallodienamines. To tackle bacterial resistance, new antibiotics are desperately needed. My research objective is to address this need by designing, synthesizing, and evaluating novel macrolide antibiotics based on the best-in-class drug candidate, solithromycin. The drug discovery including following three projects: 1) Synthesis of solithromycin analogs wherein the desosamine sugar has been replaced with an acyclic amino alcohol surrogate; 2) In cellulo Click chemistry wherein the bacterial cell serves as the reaction vessel and the ribosome catalyzes the formation of triazole cycloadducts by testing different combinations of azide and alkyne fragments. One of the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide antibiotics is exemplified by methylation of A2058 by the methyltransferase encoded in erm genes. Methylation or dimethylation of A2058 leads to a steric clash with the macrolides and reduces the affinity of the macrolide for the ribosome. Thus, the bacterial resistant can be relieved via disrupting steric clashes between desosamine and A2058 residues. In 2017, I started a new project looking at the scope of the acyclic domino Michael/Mannich reaction to prepare chiral cyclohexenes developed by a previous group member, Dr. Vijay Chatare. This reaction is highly regioselective and stereoselective. Recent research showed that this reaction could be utilized on acroleins, acrylates and unsaturated ketones. Thus, we applied this useful methodology towards the concise total synthesis of (+)-ibogamine. / Chemistry
2

Vers la découverte du mécanisme d’action de stilbènes prénylés isolés de Macaranga spp. / Toward the discovery of the mecanism of action of prenylated stilbenes isolated from Macaranga spp.

Péresse, Tiphaine 14 December 2017 (has links)
Des études phytochimiques dediverses espèces du genre Macaranga ontconduit à la découverte d’une familleintéressante de stilbènes prénylés nommésschweinfurthines (SWs). Le NCI (NationalCancer Institute) a évalué l’activité cytotoxiquede ces composés sur un panel de 60 lignéescellulaires cancéreuses : ces composésprésentent de très bonnes activités cytotoxiquessur certaines de ces lignées. De plus, leur profild’activité original suggère que ces composésagissent selon un nouveau mécanisme d’action,encore inconnu. Ainsi, ce projet de thèse a pourbut d’éclaircir ce mécanisme par identificationdes protéines cibles ainsi que des voies designalisations impliquées. Pour cela l’obtentiond’une grande quantité de SWs était nécessaire.Dans un premier temps, l'espèce vietnamienneMacaranga tanarius a été sélectionnée par uneapproche utilisant les réseaux moléculaires. Sonétude phytochimique a conduit à l’isolement denouveaux analogues et de SWs d’intérêt àl'échelle du gramme, permettant de réaliser dansun second temps des modifications chimiquesciblées. Une fonction alcyne a, par exemple, étéintroduite sur la SW G sans altérer son profild’activité. La présence de cette fonction aensuite permis le couplage de la SW avec unfluorophore et une biotine par chimie click incellulo. Des études de localisation intracellulaireet d’identification d’un partenaire protéique ontensuite été réalisées. En parallèle de ces travaux,l’interaction entre les SWs et la protéine OSBP(Oxysterol-binding protein), décrite commeétant une cible potentielle des SWs a égalementété investiguée. / Phytochemical studies fromMacaranga species led to the discovery of aninteresting family of prenylated stilbenesnamed schweinfurthins (SWs). The NCI(National Cancer Institute) evaluated thesemolecules on a panel of 60 human cancer cells:studying these molecules is of great interestbecause they display promisingantiproliferative activities for specific tumorderivedcell lines. Furthermore, theiruncommon activity profile suggests that itimplements a new mechanism of action. Ourproject aims to decipher this mechanism byfinding the targeted protein(s) and thesignalling pathway involved. For that purpose,a large amount of these natural stilbenes wasrequired. First, a vietnamese plant has beenselected using molecular networking approachto ensure the presence of these molecules.Then, a phytochemical study on a large scaleled to the isolation of the compounds of interest(several grams) and new analogues. An alkynemoiety has been introduced on one of thesemolecules by a selective chemical modificationwithout any loss of the specific cytotoxicprofile. This alkyne function allowed the incellulo click reaction between a fluorescentprobe or a biotin. Thus, studies of intracellularlocalization and protein identification havebeen achieved. Concurrently, interactionbetween SWs and Oxysterol-binding protein(OSBP), a previously described target of thesecompounds, has been studied.

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