The purpose of this investigation is to determine if differences exist between four inbred strains of mice in susceptibility to the drug thalidomide.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-126).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Hamburg, 1979.

Isogenic, or inbred, mouse strains are currently the experimental subjects of choice in laboratory studies focused on genetics, pharmacology, and psychological issues. Understanding phenotypic differences in isogenic strains is important in order to interpret experimental results obtained from inbred mouse strains. Four commonly used inbred strains, C57BL/6NHsd (C57), DBA/2NHsd (DBA), 129S2/SvHsd (129), and Balb/cAnHsd (Balb/c), are investigated in this study using four different behavioral tasks that measure locomotor activity and cognitive behavior (Morris Water Maze (MWM), T-maze, and operant autoshaping procedures). In the locomotor activity task 129 mice showed significantly less horizontal ambulation than any other strain, while differences in rearing was seen between all strains, with C57 mice producing the most, and 129 showing the least rearing. Thigmotaxia was seen the most in the 129 strain, less so with the Balb/c and DBA strains, and the least in the C57 mice. In the MWM learning across strains was noted but there was no difference between the strains. In the T-maze the Balb/c strain showed the shortest latency to enter an arm, while the 129 strain showed the longest. As expected they also showed the lowest accuracy and the highest percent time-outs compared to all the other strains. In the autoshaping procedure little difference between the strains was observed. Balb/c mice trended graphically towards higher rates however there was no difference with regard to number of contingent responses or number per strain to reach a criterion of 10 or more contingent reinforcers. Finally, locomotor activity was measured again at the end of the study. The activity results were still similar, although the C57 strain showed a decrease in horizontal ambulation as compared to DBA and Balb/c strains; however, the 129 strain still showed the least activity. These results indicate that there are significant differences in locomotor behavior and cognitive processes in these strains that should be considered when interpreting results from studies using these inbred mouse strains.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2007. / "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 142-183.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2007. / "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 59-68.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Even though the molecular events and pathways that underlie craniofacial development and morphogenesis are not fully understood, it is accepted that their orchestration is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Inbred mouse strains represent genetically homogenous groups of individuals. It is established that mice in one strain often differ quite remarkably from mice in other inbred strains. Those phenotypic differences make mice exceptional tools for the dissection of genetic factors that influence normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. While numerous investigations have focused on abnormal morphogenesis, a comprehensive study of normal craniometric morphology across multiple inbred strains of mice has not been previously performed. The Mouse Phenome Project, an international collaboration of investigators, was formed to systematically phenotype a collection of normal inbred mouse strains. The objectives of our studies were to determine and measure differences in quantitative mandibular traits/variables within and between different inbred mouse strains, and to assess sexual di1norphism through bilateral measuren1ents of the hemimandibles. These studies were a component of the Mouse Phenome Project to collect normal craniometric data from 12 genetically heterogeneous inbred strains utilizing digital images from equal numbers of female and male mice at 7 to 8 weeks of age. Our central hypothesis was that morphometric analysis of mandibular structures from genetically disparate inbred mouse strains would reveal quantifiable differences. The null hypothesis of no difference among the strains for 1nandibular measurements was rejected. Overall, CAST/Ei and MOLF/Ei were consistently small in size measured by body weight with small skeletal structures. There was no strong pattern of body weight and site of skeletal size in the mid and heavy weighted strains. Evidence of sexual dimorphism was supported. Overall, it appears males and females that have the least significance between them are in the DBA/2J strain, followed by A/J. The strain with the most significant difference between males and females is in the C3H/HeJ strain.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Even though the molecular events and pathways that underlie craniofacial development and morphogenesis are not fully understood, it is accepted that their orchestration is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Inbred mouse strains represent genetically homogenous groups of individuals. It is established that mice in one strain often differ quite remarkably from mice in other inbred strains. Those phenotypic differences make mice exceptional tools for the dissection of genetic factors that influence normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. While numerous investigations have focused on abnormal morphogenesis, a comprehensive study of normal craniometric morphology across multiple inbred strains of mice has not been previously performed. The Mouse Phenome Project, an international collaboration of investigators, was formed to systematically phenotype a collection of normal inbred mouse strains. The objectives of our studies were to determine and measure differences in quantitative mandibular traits/variables within and between different inbred mouse strains, and to assess sexual dimorphism through bilateral measurements of the hemimandibles. These studies were a component of the Mouse Phenome Project to collect normal craniometric data from 12 genetically heterogeneous inbred strains utilizing digital images from equal numbers of female and male mice at 7 to 8 weeks of age. Our central hypothesis was that morphometric analysis of mandibular structures from genetically disparate inbred mouse strains would reveal quantifiable differences. The null hypothesis of no difference among the strains for mandibular measurements was rejected. Overall, CAST/Ei and MOLF/Ei were consistently small in size measured by body weight with small skeletal structures. There was no strong pattern of body weight and site of skeletal size in the mid and heavy weighted strains. Evidence of sexual dimorphism was supported. Overall, it appears males and females that have the least significance between them are in the DBA/2J strain, followed by A/J. The strain with the most significant difference between males and females is in the C3H/HeJ strain.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmacology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-149). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Fluoridation of community water supplies for the purpose of preventing dental caries remains one of the top 10 public health interventions of the last century. However, exposure (ingestion) of greater than optimal amounts of fluoride from a variety of sources has led to an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. We propose that dental fluorosis represents a complex condition caused by environmental and genetic factors. Purpose: To assess the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis using genetically separate inbred strains of mice. Methods: Twelve genealogically disparate strains of mice were treated with 0 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm of fluoride in their drinking water. Each mouse was given weekly dental fluorosis evaluations. After 60 days of treatment, femurs were collected for fluoride analysis. Mandibular incisors were isolated for quantitative light induced fluorescence (QLF) studies and fluoride analysis. Digital and 35 mm images were taken of all mouse incisors in order to apply and compare the Dean's Index and the modified Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI), both indices of dental fluorosis. Skeletal radiographs were taken on the euthanized mice and later examined for extra skeletal calcifications and other gross bony deformities. Results: Differences in dental fluorosis susceptibility/resistance were identified between the strains, ranging from mild, moderate, to severe dental fluorosis. Furthermore, we found clustering of strains into distinct phenotypic groups. The A/J mouse strain was highly susceptible, with a rapid onset and severe development of dental fluorosis compared with the other strains tested. The 129P3/J mouse strain was least affected with negligible dental fluorosis. From the skeletal radiographs, no gross skeletal lesions or evidence of bone dysplasia were noted. Similar body burden of fluoride, as judged from analysis of mineralized tissues, was seen in all strains despite differences in their predispositions to develop dental fluorosis. Both the Dean's and TF indices are useful for classifying the stage or severity of fluorosis in mice, and there are advantages to the use of digital images over conventional 35 mm slide images. Both indices correlate well with the amount of fluoride exposure during amelogenesis; however, these indices are not promising indicators of fluoride burden during amelogenesis. Conclusions: QLF proved to be an innovative and useful tool for the quantification of dental fluorosis. Furthermore, these observations support the role of a genetic component in the pathogenesis of fluorosis.