La mise en forme de lumière blanche incohérente à l’aide d’un nouveau composant est proposée dans cette thèse. L'objectif était de réaliser une carte d'irradiance arbitraire sur un écran à l’aide d’une structure originale contenant seulement des facettes, légèrement inclinées par rapport à la direction d'origine selon leurs axes propres. Une approche basée sur l’optique géométrique a été utilisée pour concevoir et analyser la structure proposée. Celle-ci est constituée d’une matrice de facettes jouant le rôle de déflecteur. Nous avons étudié le cas en transmission et en réflexion. L’obtention des angles d’inclinaison s’est faite avec deux approches différentes : l'optimisation sous Zemax et le calcul analytique. Plusieurs critères de qualité ont été proposés pour comparer la carte d'irradiance. Le tolérancement a démontré qu’il est plus intéressant de travailler en transmission qu’en réflexion. Une réalisation a été faite avec succès en utilisant une technologie additive innovante. / Beam shaping of incoherent white light with a large spectrum is proposed in this PhD thesis. The objective was to realize an arbitrary irradiance map on a target plane using a faceted structure. To maintain the design result within the geometrical optics domain, large facet element dimensions are required to obtain usable results. Each facet element can slightly tilt along its own axes to deflect the incident light, either by reflection, either by transmission. The calculation of the tilt angles is made by an analytical approach, and also by automatic optimization with Zemax. Several quality factors are proposed in order to qualify the illumination/irradiance chart on the screen. Because of the required tolerances on the fabrication technique, we show that it is more interesting to design a transmissive structure than a reflective one. With a new additive technology, a structure is realized successfully, showing the interest of the concept.

<p>Optical beams that travel through a material without undergoing divergence are known as self-trapped beams. Self-trapping occurs when a beam induces a suitable index gradient in the medium that is capable of guiding the original beam. An incoherent light consists of femtosecond scale speckles, due to random phase fluctuations and were not thought to self-trap until recently. In 1997, Mitchell et al., showed that white light can self-trap, provided the medium cannot respond fast enough to form index gradients to these speckles individually. However, detailed studies have been hampered by a lack of suitable materials and strategies for enabling such a response. In 2006, our group showed that a photopolymer is suitable for incoherent self-trapping, since the index change is governed by an inherently slow rate of polymerization (of the order of milliseconds). This has enabled further studies of various phenomena with white light self-trapping.</p> <p>The studies here show (i) the first direct experimental evidence of interactions of two incoherent white light self-trapped beams, as well as fission, fusion and repulsion. Existence of dark self-trapping beams with incoherent white light was also shown, counter intuitively in a positive nonlinear medium. (iii) Lattices were formed with multiple ordered bright as well as dark self-trapping filaments using optochemical self-organization. (iv) Woodpile-like 3D lattices with bright and dark beams were also demonstrated and simulations showed theoretical band gaps. (v) Self-trapping of a co-axial beam of incoherent white light was also shown experimentally and through simulations.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)