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Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Programme - impact on income of smallholder farmersMusonzo, Charity Priscilla January 2015 (has links)
Agriculture is the single most important sector in Malawi due to its contribution to the economy ranging from employment creation, contribution to GDP growth to source of foreign exchange earnings. These significant contributions have necessitated the Government of Malawi to develop strategies and policies such as the Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP), whose main aim is to increase household incomes and reduce food insecurity and ultimately reduce poverty. It is nine years since the introduction of FISP but its results remain mixed. Using the 2009/10 Integrated Household Survey Phase 3 (IHS3) dataset, a logistic regression in a multivariate data analysis approach was used to investigate the impact of FISP on income levels and food security of rural smallholder farmers in Malawi. The analysis showed that about 82 percent of smallholder farmers live in rural areas, about 75 percent of them were males, 71 percent were married, 70 percent did not go to school and 69 percent benefited from FISP. In farming, 68 percent of these smallholder farmers had less than 1 hectare of farms, 70 percent of them had labour force of less than 5 people, 51 percent of them harvest less than 5 bags of 50kgs of maize of which 92 percent sell most of their harvested maize and 89 percent of them receive less than MK5, 000 from sales. In addition, about 99 percent of these smallholder farmers were food insecure as they save less than 1 bag of 50kgs after harvest. Only 1 percent of these smallholder farmers receive remittances and 21 percent had other income generating activities (IGAs). Demographic and socio-economic factors have no impact on these farmers capability to increase income levels and enhance their food security. There is also no statistically significant difference between FISP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in terms of capabilities of increasing incomes and enhancing food security. It is, therefore, concluded that FISP had no significant impact on the abilities of these smallholder farmers to increase their incomes and enhancing their food security. Hence, FISP did not prove to be the best food security and poverty alleviation tool in Malawi.
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A Method of Estimating Minimum Dairy Farm Sizes for Specific Income LevelsRussell, K. Dale 01 May 1972 (has links)
The purpose of this paper is to calculate a method of estimating minimum dairy farm sizes for specific income levels. A survey of a sample of Utah dairy farmers was conducted to obtain data to calculate a long run average cost schedule. Dairy farmers who had just recently built new facilities and with varying sized herds were interviewed. Individual costs were studied to establish their effect on the long run average cost curve. Different average revenue curves for varying prices and production levels were used to establish minimum cow numbers needed to give s pecified incomes and growth potentials. Marginal analysis was used to establish the most efficient methods of growth, i.e., cow numbers, herd production and blend price.
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Determining the factors that Influence female unemployment in a South African township / Tebello Hilda MsimangaMsimanga, Tebello Hilda January 2013 (has links)
Unemployment is the most popular indicator of the country’s economy. As popular as it is, it remains difficult to define and to measure. This is the reason why different economists have different views of where South Africa really is as far as the unemployment rate is concerned. Female unemployment in South Africa is relatively high and much attention should be given on that issue. Some females are uneducated; others lack the skills while others are discouraged due to lack of vacant positions within their area. The consequences of unemployment are devastating and remain one of the most significant challenges for South Africa (Naude & Serumaga-Zake, 2001:261). These consequences range from decreased standards of living to degradation of society as a whole through crime, and community unrest (Barker, 1995:113). This study aims to investigate the factors that have an influence on the employment status of females in Bophelong Township, to determine if variables such as age, marital status, education level and income have any causal effect on the employment status of females. The results of this study will then help policy makers to create and design strategies that will help achieve the objective of unemployment reduction. / MCom (Economics) North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Determining the factors that Influence female unemployment in a South African township / Tebello Hilda MsimangaMsimanga, Tebello Hilda January 2013 (has links)
Unemployment is the most popular indicator of the country’s economy. As popular as it is, it remains difficult to define and to measure. This is the reason why different economists have different views of where South Africa really is as far as the unemployment rate is concerned. Female unemployment in South Africa is relatively high and much attention should be given on that issue. Some females are uneducated; others lack the skills while others are discouraged due to lack of vacant positions within their area. The consequences of unemployment are devastating and remain one of the most significant challenges for South Africa (Naude & Serumaga-Zake, 2001:261). These consequences range from decreased standards of living to degradation of society as a whole through crime, and community unrest (Barker, 1995:113). This study aims to investigate the factors that have an influence on the employment status of females in Bophelong Township, to determine if variables such as age, marital status, education level and income have any causal effect on the employment status of females. The results of this study will then help policy makers to create and design strategies that will help achieve the objective of unemployment reduction. / MCom (Economics) North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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The Regional Distribution Pattern of Economic Activity in Canada: A Linear Programming ExerciseAziz, Rashid January 1980 (has links)
Resource allocation across regions in an economy has
been analysed by many authors, both from the efficiency and
equity viewpoints. In general, these aspects are assumed to
be conflicting - the attainment of higher growth rates and
income levels in accordance with efficient resource
allocation normally discrimminates against the relatively
less well off sections of society. The literature
concentrates largely on the allocation of resources across
sectors, irrespective of geographic considerations, so that
the decision to invest in a region seldom incorporates the
area's absorptive capacity. The regional imbalance that
results is shown just as clearly by the lack of high
technology industry in some areas as it is by the (potential)
congestion and overcrowding that characterises other regions.
This study focuses on the relationship between the regional
allocation of income generating activities and the total
income generated for the nation.
The growth potential of any area is defined by the
availability of all essential facilities - service and repair
facilities, transport and energy supplies being only a part
of the picture. Factor supplies and the supply of credit,
alongwith the high degree of interaction between regions and
sectors also complement the picture. The low income potential of the peripheral areas of any nation is the result of a lack of these ancilliary facilities. However, once these
bottlenecks are removed, the outlying areas normally depict
higher growth rates than the core regions. In this study, a linear programming model is developed 1 in king the commodity, factor and asset markets of
a nation, both across sectors and across regions. Thus, the
commodity market of any region is related to the commodity,
asset and factor markets of all regions. National absorptive
capacity is now defined in terms of the potentials of all
areas of the nation. The application of this model to Canada
results in a set of optimal regional patterns of economic
activity. Growth in any area is now encouraged only if the
regional economy is not operating close to some capacity
limitation, and if a full complement of goods and services,
factors and assets is available.
The results obtained justify these expectations
because the model depicts a pattern of resource allocation
that stresses areas where all facilities for growth are
present. Thus, further investment in the traditional center Quebec
and Ontario - is restricted, some critical thresholds
regarding absorptive capacity having been hit. However, the
regions where a full complement of services and asset
supplies is not available - the Atlantic provinces - are not the alternatives. The relative ordering favours the modern
manufacturing and service sec tors in Alberta and British
Columbia.
The model does suggest the existence of a tradeoff
between national income and regional balance, since the
imposition of regional balance constraints reduces the value
of national consumption. However, even when regional equity
constraints are imposed, the model suggests that more
national income can be generated through reallocation of
economic activity than was generated by the historical
pattern of allocation. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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