The Soviet-U.S. rapprochement in the late 1980s ended one of the bitterest rivalries of modern history. Before this landmark event, the study of accommodation as a security strategy hardly received its fair share of attention in international relations theories. This thesis attempts to add to the growing body of work on the dynamics of accommodation. Specifically, it analyzes accommodative moves of Pakistan vis-a-vis India, thereby studying the dynamics of accommodation in the context of developing states. Four cases are studied in depth: first, the Indus Waters Treaty (1960); second, the Tashkent Declaration (1966); third, Post-Brasstacks Accommodative Moves (1987); and finally, Post-1990 Accommodative Moves. This thesis argues that three factors are particularly important in the initiation of accommodation in the developing world, namely, (1) decision-makers' desire to minimize losses (in the external politico-military sphere, the internal economic sphere and the internal political sphere), (2) their commitment to serious domestic reforms and (3) the involvement of a powerful third party that exercises leverage over both adversaries.

The objective of this study is to understand the logic of popular mobilization in Sao Paulo (Brazil) and New Delhi (India) and to explain why subaltern groups use their political freedoms to mobilize on some issues and not on others. More specifically, the study attempts to address a puzzle: Why do the popular sectors not mobilize to make claims for health when the vast majority of the urban poor experience severe health deficits? My contention is that the nature of public discourse determines both the emergence of popular movements and the issues on which they engage in claims-making. Competing ideas about what democracy is and what it ought to be, the meaning of social justice, and the relationship between democracy and social justice, constitute the 'raw materials' around which mobilization frames are created. The empirical evidence presented in this study supports my claim that the nature of public discourse is crucial for democratic deepening from below. / Based on extensive field research in low-income communities in Sao Paulo and New Delhi, my study explains the differences and similarities in the political actions of the urban poor. In India, the near-absence of a public discourse on health accounts for the lack of mobilization by subaltern groups to seek improvements in their health situation. In contrast, I find that there has been a tradition of public discourse on health in Brazil since the 1970s when "external actors" such as doctors and progressive Church officials became engaged in social causes and contributed to the emergence of health movements. However, since Brazil's transition to democracy, this public discourse has fractured, becoming more receptive to "new" health issues such as violence, even though "old" health problems continue to persist. While the popular sectors experience the dual burden of "old" and "new" health problems, they are perceived to be the cause of many "new" health hazards like violence rather than its victims. The disengagement of "external actors" from "old" health issues and the widespread perception that the popular sectors are themselves to blame for the "new" health problems has inhibited popular mobilization for health in democratic Brazil.

Construction workers are an important resource in a country where housing is a desperate need and an unaffordable proposition for millions and where housing built by the organized sector serves only a marginal population. Much therefore depends on the workers' know how and skills to produce affordable and quality housing. In a country like India, where traditional home building technology is being fast replaced by building technology from the west, it is essential to know how and to what extent is this change imbibed by these producers of housing---the construction workers. How do people become construction workers? How and where do they learn and train? What are their sources of new technology? What are their systems and conditions of operation? These questions become significant if this resource has to be trained and deployed not only for improving quality of construction but also to actively involve them in the alleviation of the state of technology, diffusion of much needed technology innovations and development of a powerful and effective grass root level resource to upgrade the housing conditions of the country's poor. This dissertation pursues these issues with the aid of a study of skilled construction workers in the Pune region of India. It ends with a conceptual model to help overcome some drawbacks of the present system and points to other related issues that need immediate consideration in the interest of overall development of the home building industry.

This thesis explores and explains the development of day care for people with dementia in Kerala, India. The development process is framed within the context of social globalisation. The central aim of the thesis is to further build theory on how and why social policy from one context is transferred and utilised in the development of social policy in another. The theoretical constructs of policy transfer and policy translation are used to explore the development process. Policy transfer is an existing concept within policy and politics literature. Theory on the concept of policy translation is built up within the thesis using theories of literary translation. Exploration of these processes provides an explanation of the development of day care. Policy transfer and policy translation are found to take place between the UK and Kerala. Policy ideas and information from the UK are transferred and then used within the implementation of day care in Kerala. A two-part research design explores firstly policy transfer and then policy translation. Policy transfer is examined within an analytical framework developed from existing models of policy transfer. Policy translation is investigated through a comparative analysis of day care for people with dementia between the UK and Kerala. The differences between day care in the two contexts represent the changes caused by the processes of policy transfer and policy translation. The main findings of the thesis are that policy transfer and policy translation have taken place within the development of day care in Kerala. The two concepts are found to complement each other. The theoretical construct of policy translation provides additional detail and clarity on the process of policy development to that provided by policy transfer. Policy transfer and policy translation can be described as mechanisms by which social globalisation is taking place and in turn globalisation promotes these processes. The thesis concludes that the theoretical constructs of policy transfer and policy translation as developed here could be used within other research to explore the processes of globalisation.

Women's status in Indian agrarian communities has been discussed in terms of cultural and agricultural practices, which affect women adversely in the northwestern wheat region and favourably in the southern rice region. The correlation is tested by the female farm labour participation (FLP) rate and the juvenile sex ratio (JSR). / I examine the correlation between women's contribution to agriculture and their status in wet paddy and dry millet regions in Tamil Nadu. Compared to northwestern India, the JSRs are more balanced and FLPs are high in both regions, yet the implications of high FLPs differ. Thanjavur shows a high female labour participation in peak seasons, but year-round underemployment. In Kongu, the cultivation of garden crops requires both male and female labour throughout the year. / The contrasts originate from varied factors such as ecology and irrigation, cropping system, the distribution of land wealth, and on- and off-farm employment opportunities.

近年來，印度經濟快速成長，加上原本印度便擁有廣大的領土與人口，又是核武國，使印度在國際政治上日漸受到矚目。因此，在亞洲區域，出現了中、日、印三個勢力共存的情況。身為本區重要行為者之一的日本，面對此種區域結構的變化，外交政策亦做出調整。這種調整明顯地體現在日本的對印政策上，相較於冷戰時期日印關係的冷淡，以2000年8月森喜朗首相拜訪印度為分水嶺，日本改變從前的態度，開始積極與印度進行交往。對身處亞洲的我國而言，了解同區其他大國的關係變化與發展具有重要性，值得持續觀察。 本文一開始首先闡明研究動機與目的、研究範圍與限制、文獻回顧與架構安排。接下來主要想回答幾個問題：(1)日印關係在先前為何冷淡，又為何展開積極交往，時間點是受到哪些因素影響？在此將從第二章對日印傳統外交政策的特徵與近年來的變遷，以及第三章美國與中國的因素來進行分析；(2) 日印在雙邊互動上，其外交優先議題是否不同？又有哪些共同利益？這也是從第二章日印傳統外交政策的特徵與近年來的變遷，以及第三章就日印21世紀以來的互動所做的敘述中來回答；(3) 從近年互動的軌跡來預測未來日印夥伴關係的走向，在此將由第四、五章日印在安全、政治與經貿等議題上的合作，加上之前分析的結構性因素，來做探討。最後於第六章對本文的研究做歸納及日後研究主題的建議。 關鍵字：日本、印度、日印關係、印日關係 / India is growing fast during these years. Besides, India owns a broad territory, large population, and also nuclear weapons. Therefore, the whole world looks at India more and more intensively. It hence leads to a new situation in Asia region, that is, the co-existence of three powers (China, Japan, and India) in the same region. Facing such kind of shift in regional structure, Japan, as an important actor in Asia, also adjusts its foreign policy. This kind of adjustment reflects clearly on Japan’s policy toward India. In contrast with the indifference between Japan and India in the Cold War era, taking Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori’s visit to India as a watershed, Japan has changed its attitude and starts to engage with India actively. As a member in Asia region, knowing the transition and development of the relations between great powers in this region is important for us and worth further observation. The first part of this thesis composes research motives, purposes, scopes, limits, methods, literature review and the whole structure. Afterwards, it focuses on several questions: (1) why Japan-India relation was low in the past and why in recent year they engage with each other more actively? What has influenced them to choose this time point? Regard to these questions, this thesis makes an analysis from the traditional characteristics of both countries’ foreign policy, and then from the shift of their foreign policy direction, and also from the USA factor and the China factor. (2) What are the common interests of Japan and India? And what are their priorities respectively? The thesis also tries to find out the answer from the changed and unchanged characteristics of both countries’ foreign policy, combining with the description of Japan-India relation since 21st century in Chapter 3. (3) This thesis tries to make a prediction of the future Japan-India partnership in the light of the trajectory of their interaction in recent year. Finally in Chapter 6 it sums up the research findings and makes some suggestions for further research. Key words: Japan, India, Japan-India Relations, India-Japan Relations

Zugl.: Univ., Gießen, Habil.-Schr., 2006

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Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology).

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