After the Second World War, a type of social planning called Community Development was widely adopted by underdeveloped countries. This comprehensive approach has a basic postulate: if opportunity is given, people will respond. In this assumption, considerations of 'process' are neglected. The focus of this thesis is the analysis of the social process of Community Development Programmes with special reference to India. When a stimulus is given to an organism, the response is determined in part by the structure of the organism. The process of social response is determined by two sets of independent variables, the social structure and the relevant values. These variables are examined at two levels, administrative organization and village society. From the analysis, the writer discovered that there is a contradiction, perhaps an inherent one, in the two ultimate targets of social planning. Thus an increase of production and an extension of social justice may be incompatible, and there is a lag between material programmes and educational programmes that is inevitable but exceedingly hard to reckon with. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1959 R69

The argument of this dissertation is that the Indian socialist system, intended to speed industrialization and to improve the underdeveloped colonial economy, has failed todevelop agriculture and to curb the growth of population has thus had a serious adverse effect on the poor Indian citizens whom it was designed to help. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter One gives background on the development of Indian socialism and shows how it branched into Gandhian and Nehruite forms and how the Nehruite form came to dominate during the post-independence period. It also describes the government's industrial policy, that was developed to guide India's future industrial development in line with the socialist goals. Chapter Two discusses two interelated aspects of Indian economic planning: (1) the formation of a planning system with National Commission as its advisory body and the development of the system's long-term objectives and goals; (2) the construction of the five-year plans and their over-all performance. This chapter thus gives a comprehensive picture of official Indian economic policies, and culminating in the six five-year plans begun in 1951, and distinguishes their successes and failures. Chapter Three examines the development and expansion of agriculture under the British India, and then it reviews the government's efforts to improve agriculture, its land-reform policies, the allocation of funds in the five-year plans, the status of peasants, and the food production in the thirty years of planning. Linking agriculture to population, Chapter Four surveys population growth, its causes, and the government's efforts to restrain it. The last section of this chapter investigates the casual connection between population and economy, specifically agricultural economy. Finally, Chapter Five examines the intertwining effects of agriculture and population on the national economy and on the socialist objective itself, pinpoints the planners' mistakes in ignoring these two factors, and recommends some changes to improve agriculture production, to better the peasants' condition, rejuvenate the village economy and to expand employment opportunities for the masses--all to bring India closer to its long-cherished socialist goals.

This paper discusses the attempt to achieve balanced economic growth in India. The process is viewed as a transition of society from a traditional stage to one characterized by industrialization and economic growth, and which involves major economic, social and political changes. It specifically deals with the Indian banking system and its structural development since independence as a means to hasten economic growth. These changes in the banking system, through social control, and eventually nationalization of the major commercial banks in India,, illustrate the increasing role of the State in gearing the banking sector towards meeting the goals of national economic planning. The above events are related to the struggle between the moderates and those who advocate a more socialist approach to solving the economic and social problems in India.

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Taking the structuralist approach as a starting point, this dissertation constructs a computable general equilibrium model for India using the social accounting matrix framework and along the lines of Lance Taylor's modelling of developing countries. The model is used to test the structuralist theories on the effects of a devaluation. The dissertation extends the testing of these models in two respects. First, by organizing the data in the form of traded and non-traded goods it studies the macroeconomic responses at a greater level of disaggregation than has been attempted earlier. Second, by constructing social accounting matrices for three time periods and using these to simulate the model, it examines the robustness of the predictions of the structuralist theories. The results indicate that the outcome of a devaluation depends on the structure of the economy and on the extent of the elasticity of exports, thus, generally supporting the structuralist theories.

Thesis MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / This thesis is, in essence, a theoretically informed, qualitative study of an intermediate power coalition in international trade negotiations. More specifically, it critically evaluates the cooperation of India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The IBSA Dialogue Forum was established in 2003. This was also the year the three emerging countries first drew attention to their collective bargaining potential. First, they were instrumental in negotiating a waiver in the WTO that allowed for relaxed patent restrictions on the import of generic drugs for countries in the developing world facing health emergencies. Then, they also played a central role in the collapse of the WTO talks held in Cancun, 2003. This study looks at what IBSA aims to achieve in the WTO and then tries to establish whether it is possible for the initiative to achieve these aims (in the WTO). It asks, firstly, what kind of coalition IBSA forms in the WTO. Then, it asks whether it makes sense for India, Brazil and South Africa to form this type of coalition. Finally, it discusses some of the complexities involved in the three countries’ claim that it speaks for the “developing South”. The study makes use mainly of a neo-liberal institutionalist theoretical approach, while being open to constructive debate and critique from the reflective school. Ultimately, the study argues that the challenges that bind these countries also constrain each of them. The three countries might be emerging, but they are also developing countries with limited capacity that face serious developmental challenges. In addition, these countries of the South are situated in complex regional environments. In the WTO, IBSA aims to cement a coalition through processes that promote the cooperative dimensions of interaction and minimise conflictual ones. This innovative approach to cooperation does provide some hope. How they use their collective capacity will prove decisive. No doubt, successful cooperation will require hard work, especially as the coalition will have to deliver concrete results not only to domestic constituencies, but also to the developing world as a whole.