The thesis disserts an outlook on life and Art of the Modern Indian painter M.F. Husain (1915-2011), with a special attention on his art production which reflects some of socio- cultural changes of modernizing and globalizing India of the 20th and 21th Century. The thesis has been structured in chapters dealing with Husain's personal and artistic development, providing also the analysis of some concrete art works which have been involved with the socio-cultural changes being described - from the point of view of their inner message, formal idiom or the way they have or have not been accepted by the public. The culturological paradigm has been chosen as an appropriate one to treat the topic with aim to integrate systematically various notions of the Humanities. With this goal the author of the thesis uses proper bibliographic, biographic and media references, sources from the Prague's National Gallery's Archive as well as the memoirs of the people who came together with Husain's personality and Art in the time of his visits to ex Czechoslovakia. The thesis is also a kind of deepening and specification of the two of previous bachelor theses of the author (The Modern Art in India - an outline of development, 2010 and The Indian Painting - a History of Cultural Dialogues, 2012).

Héritier de l’universalisme humaniste de Rabindranath Tagore par sa formation à Śāntiniketan en Inde, le ditpère de l’art moderne birman Bagyi Aung Soe (1923/24–1990) se consacra à figurer les réalités ultimes enfonction des enseignements bouddhiques. Pour ce faire, il mit au point un langage pictural qu’il baptisa lapeinture « manaw maheikdi dat » qui signifie la création artistique par la culture mentale. Ses référencesvisuelles, variant de la physique à l’ésotérisme bouddhique, de la culture populaire à la poésie, comprennent toutce qui fut à sa portée intellectuelle et spirituelle dans la Birmanie socialiste militaire de 1962 à 1988. Soninsistance sur la somme des héritages propres à cet espace-temps, de même que son dépassement descloisonnements conceptuels selon les disciplines, les frontières nationales ou les divisions chronologiques, exigeun récit conçu au regard des significations contextuelles, un récit adapté et affranchi du modèle prétendumentinternational de l’art euraméricain. Afin de proposer un récit sur comment il compta rendre manifestel’insaisissable selon les circonstances propres au contexte de sa vie, nous mettons l’accent sur les conditionsaccueillant la genèse et la diffusion de cette production artistique dite « la plus moderne de l’art moderne » enraison de sa dimension transnationale et transhistorique. À partir d’une sélection parmi plus de quatre milleoeuvres et de centaines de témoignages écrits et oraux recueillis, nous examinons non seulement la fabrication decette peinture qui reste aussi non étudiée en Birmanie qu’inconnue de la scène internationale, mais aussi lesmanières dont nous pouvons la lire et la voir. / A student at Rabindranath Tagore’s ashram in Śāntiniketan, India, Myanmar’s “father of modern art” BagyiAung Soe (1923/24–1990) embraced his Indian gurus’ concept of art and the artist. In the spirit of the laureate’shumanist universalism, he strove to picture Buddhist teachings. His signature idiom christened “manawmaheikdi dat”, which has yet to be studied in Myanmar and is virtually unknown at the international level, reliedon meditation to achieve advanced mental power in order to picture the most elemental components of allphenomena, and its visual references included all that was possibly accessible under socialist rule in Burma(1962–1988). With little regard for artistic conventions and categorisations according to discipline, nation andchronology, Aung Soe drew from the sum of artistic, intellectual and spiritual traditions defining his space andtime, varying from quantum physics to esoteric Buddhism, from popular culture to poetry. The nature of hisapproach, method and subject matter, coupled with his country’s exceptional circumstances, demands a newnarrative of art that is unfettered by the assumptions inherent to the purportedly international framework ofEuramerican modern art. Focusing on the contextual significances of the genesis and reception of manawmaheikdi dat painting, this dissertation examines the making, the reading and the seeing of this pictoriallanguage whose transnational and transhistorical dimension renders it “the most modern of modern art”. Basedon a selection of the artist’s works and writings, as well as witnesses of his life and practice, we attempt a storyof how he pictured and made manifest the formless on his own terms.

The purpose of this research is to document the visual art production of Indian South Africans who graduated from the University of Durban-Westville (UDW) with a degree in Fine Art, and provide an explanation of how and why their art works are so poorly documented within a post-Apartheid art historical narrative. When South African Apartheid society was designed to promote Black intellectual underdevelopment, this Indian university provided a space for young Indian intellectuals from all fields to engage with the struggle politic of the country to envision a strategy for a liberated and democratic future. While the visual art in this country has provided powerful social commentary throughout the Apartheid years, the voice of the Indian artist has remained silent. Some students managed to complete their degrees and find a little recognition as artists; the majority, however, relegated their art-making to a pastime. Little is known about this body of graduates; hence this research attempts a systematic study about how Indian Fine Art graduates fell into silence upon the completion of their degrees. The rationale of this study is to determine in what ways the constructs of culture, politics and identity, as key environmental factors at UDW, impacted on the virtual absence of Indian artists from South Africa’s art history. To this end, the social history of education of Indian South Africans since their arrival in this country has been provided. The influential and historical location of the University College for Indians (UNICOL) and later UDW as a cultural and political construct is explored against the art production of its Fine Art Department. Thus, the geopolitical space of this university as a site of struggle is contextualised. Against this background, the varied life stories of the forty-three graduates presented in this study are contextualised within the framework of separate and segregated education. These stories illuminate the unfolding dynamics that shaped the directions they subsequently took. The significance of this study lies in its contribution of knowledge to the existing literature on Indian history in South Africa as well as on the art production of this community as students of the Fine Art Department at UDW and subsequently as a small body of practising, but not always exhibiting, artists. Through this study I suggest that some of these graduates became internal exiles, which positioned them on the margins of the art-producing community in this country. This position of marginality impacted on their representation within the South African art historical archive. The study makes a number of recommendations to bring these and other South African Indian artists into the picture again. / Thesis (Ph.D)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

Orientador: Claudia Valladão de Mattos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_RichardSantiago_M.pdf: 19493104 bytes, checksum: 5f25f91acbf60eab43f89b48112b2700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente projeto de pesquisa pretende estudar duas obras específicas do pintor brasileiro Rodolfo Amoedo intituladas O último Tamoio (1883) e Marabá (1882). Tais obras serão analisadas dentro do contexto de sua produção na segunda metade do século XIX buscando identificar aspectos formais e programáticos que as aproximam e ao mesmo tempo afastam da política de criação de uma identidade nacional implementada pela Academia Imperial de Belas Artes no decorrer do século XIX. Buscaremos associar essas pinturas, tão importantes no conjunto da obra de Amoedo, ao ambiente sócio-político e cultural do Brasil oitocentista, investigando suas intenções políticas e culturais no contexto artístico do período. Além disso, interrogaremos tais pinturas na tentativa de reconhecer traços do estilo de Amoedo que as ligassem à sua formação artística tanto no Brasil quanto na Europa, trazendo referências diversas nas áreas da literatura e pintura que contribuíram para sua feitura. Será fundamental investigar como Amoedo desmonta o aparato de exaltação do mito do "índio herói nacional", identificando os traços de um indianismo tardio sem fôlego, esgotado às vésperas da proclamação da República. Para tanto, será importante confrontar literatura e artes plásticas dentro das premissas do ut pictura poesis, visto que naquela floresceu primeiro o que se convencionou chamar de "indianismo". Propomos uma reflexão sobre a figura do índio melancólico e trágico das pinturas supracitadas de Amoedo em detrimento do índio heróico e guerreiro da produção literária do período anterior e seu papel na constituição de um imaginário nacional que tinha o índio como símbolo pátrio: através das diversas ressiginificações por que passou o corpo indígena, seja no campo da pintura e da escultura, seja no campo da ilustração e da literatura, analisaremos como Amoedo se insere como renovador do indianismo acadêmico, rearranjando os elementos próprios da retórica nacionalista no final do Segundo Império / Abstract: This research project aims to study two specific works of the Brazilian painter Rodolfo Amoedo titled The Last Tamoio (1883) and Maraba (1882). Such works will be examined within the context of his production in the second half of the nineteenth century trying to identify formal and programmatic aspects which approach and at the same time move back them from the creation policy of a national identity implemented by the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts during the nineteenth century. Trying to associate these paintings, very important in Amoedo's whole works, to the social, political and cultural environment of nineteenth century on Brazil, looking for his political and cultural intentions in the artistic context of that period. Furthermore we will study such paintings trying to recognize aspects of Amoedo's style that link them to his artistic development both in Brazil and in Europe, bringing different references in literature and painting areas which was a contribution to its conception. It will be essential to investigate how Amoedo disjoints the apparatus of exaltation of the "national Indian hero" myth, identifying aspects of a late breathless "indianism", exhausted on the eve of the Republic's proclamation. Therefore, it will be important to confront literature and fine arts within the premise of ut pictura poesis, since that first grew what is conventionally called "indianism". We propose a reflection about the image of the melancholic and tragic indian of the Amoedo's paintings above in detriment of the heroic and warrior indian of the literary production of the previous period and their role in the constitution of a national imaginary that used to have indian as a native symbol: through the different reinventions of its meaning which passed the indigenous body, whether in painting and sculpture, or in the field of illustration and literature, we are going to analyze how Amoedo introduces himself as a re-newer of the academic indianism, rearranging the specific elements of the nationalist rhetoric at the end of the Second Empire / Mestrado / Historia da Arte / Mestre em História da Arte

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