No description available.

Indiana's roadside diners are an important and understudied part of the state's history. These stainless steel beacons have impacted their customers and the communities around them. In visiting the five surviving Indiana roadside diners, this researcher has laid the foundation for future research on diners in Indiana. This researcher conducted interviews and collected public records concerning the five diners.The diners studied were manufactured by a variety of companies and have been located in a variety of places. Indiana diner owners have come from different backgrounds, and each of the diners has had multiple owners. The way food is prepared and served has also changed in each of the diners. Additionally, each diner owner has developed strategies to survive in the foodservice industry. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

This study is an examination of the use of capital punishment in the State of Indiana, from 1897 to the date the last execution in 1961. The biographies of each of the seventy-two men executed during that period are given in detail and pertinent facts derived from them are summarize in a series of tables. The information was obtained from the Data Processing Office of the Indiana State Prison, Michigan City, Indiana.The historical section surveys the many types of capital punishment used throughout the world, from ancient times up to the present. Included are descriptions of crucifixion, live burial, drawing and quatering, the use o the axe and guillotine, and many others. The gradual lessening of the cruelty in the methods of execution is al Pointed out.Since the Indiana criminal law traces its origin to the English common law, an historical study of criminal law as practiced in England is presented. This describes the gradual evolution from the right of personal vengeance to the assumption of the responsibility of capital punishment by the state. When English common law reached its highest development in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, nine crimes were subject to the death penalty. In 1788, when Indiana was still part of the Northwest Territory, only three of these called for the death penalty, namely: treason, murder and arson resulting in death. After Indiana became state in 1816, the number of crimes punishable by death was changed several times, but only three have been in effect the past hundred years. These are, murder in the first degree, treason and dueling. All of the seventy-two men there were no women) executed by the State of Indiana from 1897 to 1961 were found guilty of murder in the first degree.The conclusions reached by this study of capital punishment as executed in the State of Indiana concur with many other studies of the death penalty, including the landmark United States Supreme Court decision of June 29, 1972.In Indiana, as elsewhere in the United States, the death sentence has been inflicted in an arbitrary and prejudicial manner to a mere handful of actual murderers characterized by ignorance, poverty and often belonging to a minority group. The present warden of the Indiana State Prison stated that he personally can discern no actual difference in the character or characteristics of the men are imprisoned on Death Row from those who were given a life sentence or a lesser term for murder.The reluctance to inflict the death penalty is reflected in the diminishing number executed yearly in Indiana, from 1930 to 1916, just as in the national statistics. From a high of thirty-two executed in the decade of the 1930's, the number has gradually decreased through the years to a total of only one for the decade of 1951 to 1961, when the last execution took place in Indiana.

The industrial era in East Central Indiana began largely due to the discovery of gas, which in turn brought in many of the industries that would sustain the area during the gas boom and those years following the end of gas supplies. This thesis documents several surviving industrial buildings from the gas boom, including their history, the industrial processes that occurred in these buildings, the general factory layout, and finally the current status of the factories. Studying the industrial buildings from this period in Indiana history helps to shed light on the important role that these industries play in the development of the cities and towns in the gas belt. In addition to this, the thesis gives a documentation of one of Indiana’s rapidly disappearing resources. / Department of Architecture

The major purpose of this study is to present a narrative account of the activities of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, in Indiana during the American Civil War. It is also an attempt to undo a myth that has persisted among many historians for over one hundred years. The Friends' adherence to the belief that all wars were unlawful in the eyes of God has caused many historians to take Quaker nonparticipation in the War Between the States for granted. Much historical writing has focused upon Friends' pacifism refusal to perform military service and the suffering they received as a result. Also mentioned in the historical literature concerning the Society is the benevolent work of Friends for the Blacks, both during and after the war, and in caring for sick and wounded soldiers. Virtually no major work, however, chronicles the nonpacifistic labors of this religious sect.Quaker activities including performance of military service, civilian support of the war, as well as opposition to the Civil War are recounted in this dissertation. Inextricably intertwined with the preceding topics are discussions of Quaker motivation for joining military companies, reactionto military life, and treatment of military Friends by the monthly, or local, meetings.Utilizing church records, Friends' manuscript collections, and cemetery records, the major finding of this work is that far more Quakers from Indiana took up arms in the Civil War than was generally known. Quakers also supported the war effort by donating money, food, clothing, and other accouterments of military life to the soldiers and in a variety of activities not approved by the monthly meetings. So widespread were these war-related gestures that, at least in Indiana, few Friends suffered recriminations because of their pacifism. In general, then, Friends who remained faithful to the peace testimony were able to preserve their conscientious beliefs without fear of reproach.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the causes for the origin of the Polish National Catholic Church in St. Joseph County, Indiana. Divided into five chapters, the first three consider the socio-economic phenomena which help explain this schism from Roman Catholicism; while the fourth traces the actual organization of the new church. Chapter V concludes the study by offering probable causes for this schism, and for the sake of simplicity, dividing these into the proximate and the remote, that is, those causes which appear at the surface, directly explaining it (the proximate); and those factors which, although separated from the event by greater intervals, give it true meaning (the remote). Of the proximate causes, that which looms prominent is the misunderstandings that the Polish Roman Catholic Church of St. Adalbert had with its pastor. This, however, only acted as a catalytic agent for problems long existing in the Catholio-Polish-immigrant community. The actual reasons for the formation of the Polish National Catholic Church, however, are complex and rooted much deeper in history. They are interwoven with a thousand years of European tradition when the Poles found comfort in their Catholic religion through times of great trouble. These troubles caused the Pole to proudly identify the Polish nation with the Rowan Catholic religion.Upon immigration to St. Joseph County in the 1870's, the Poles found themselves newcomers. What was worse, the politically dominant people of the area were Protestant Yankees and Germans. Both groups considered themselves superior to the Poles. One other group, the Irish, was becoming religiously dominant and by controlling the University of Notre Dame, would control the county's Roman Catholic Church. The Poles were no match for these groups. Unlettered and unskilled, they were WO-Western European as well. At that time the Midwest was caught in a convulsion of anti-Catholicism and soon transferred it Into anti- foreignism with the Poles becoming the principal target for abuse. Furthermore, their employment was of the meanest kind and their wages substandard. When they lashed out in desperation to remedy their plight by ,strikes, they were condemned by the community as destroyers of the free enterprise system. They had no place to turn but to that church which had helped them in Poland.However, they soon found out that the Catholic Church in the United states was different. Anglo-saxon in composition (its hierarchy ms Irish or German), it failed to understand Polish traditions, failed to defend the Pole against the rapine of industry and discriminated against him.The Pole in the meantime built many churches and sought refuge in them, So long as European born Polish priests served these parishes tension was kept to a minimum because they understood the Polish cultural background. However, as the twentieth century introduced a second generation of Polish clerics born and educated in the United States; and as these received their religious training in institutions that directed them toward the Americanization of their flocks -trouble brewed. The new clergy's efforts were looked upon with suspicion. Their attempts to Americanize were equate with denationalization. The Poles, sensitive to this because of their European experience, broke with the Roman Catholic Church.In conclusion, the origin of the Polish National Catholic Church in St. Joseph County, Indiana, lies in the depredation of an age and the real or imagined attempt of a non-Polish, Roman Catholic hierarchy to destroy the last vestige of the Polish immigrants' heritage - his centuriesold traditional parish.

This creative project encompasses two major parts: an historic context study, and a survey of extant one-room or one-teacher schools in a four county region of East Central Indiana. The historic context study looks into the early school laws in Indiana that promoted, and established a state-wide system of free public education. More specifically, the history focuses on the laws and social factors that led to the rise and fall of the one-room or one-teacher school as the primary source of education for Indiana children. The history of the rise and fall of the one-room schoolhouse in Indiana can be divided into three major eras: the pioneer period between 1787 and 1851; the golden era of one-room schoolhouse education from 1851 to 1907; and, the final demise of the one-teacher school as an institution as consolidation of schools became popular.The purpose of the first half of the project is to create a context for the remaining one-room schoolhouses listed in the inventory that makes up the second half of the creative project. The pictorial inventory lists and provides basic historical information on extant one-room and one-teacher schoolhouses in the Indiana counties of Delaware, Grant, Henry, and Jay. Currently there are approximately 78 one-room schoolhouses still in standing in the four counties. This number is a small percentage of the well over 400 one-room and one-teacher schoolhouses that dotted the four counties at the turn-of-the-century.These two parts together create a document that promotes awareness of a disappearing rural resource. The project also provides a stepping stone for future research into the history of education in Indiana, and the specific rural schools which helped to build the Indiana school system. / Department of Architecture