A pesquisa tem como objeto a construção da cidadania indígena no Grão-Pará face aos estatutos referentes à questão indígena definidos nos debates parlamentares ocorridos nas Cortes em Cádis (1810-1814) e em Lisboa (1820-1822). O recorte cronológico desta investigação vai de 1808 até 1822. Nesse cenário, um novo pacto se fundamentava na afirmação do cidadão como parte contratante da Nação e, assim, a elaboração sobre as novas condições dos direitos do cidadão constituiu um dos elos principais dessas experiências no espaço ibérico. A partir da reunião das Cortes em Cádis, no caso espanhol, e em Lisboa, no caso português, ser cidadão constitucional consistia uma ruptura com o passado. Essa nova cultura política consagrou o início de uma revolução legal e administrativa, marcou a implantação do constitucionalismo e do exercício dos direitos do cidadão. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é mostrar que existiu uma expectativa de obtenção de definição do estatuto de cidadão pelos indígenas na Província do Grão-Pará, a partir da difusão das ideias liberais presentes nas revoluções constitucionais ibéricas. Nessa perspectiva, a investigação deste estudo verifica a disseminação da notícia dos indígenas como cidadãos, definida na Constituição espanhola de 1812, em periódicos, entre a população e as tropas militares no Grão-Pará, que eram compostas majoritariamente por tapuios, indicando, portanto, um forte indício para as tensões e conflitos sociais da época. / The objective of this research is the building of the Indigenous citizenship in Grão-Pará involving the statutes relating to indigenous issues defined in the parliamentary debates that occurred in the Cadiz Courts (1810-1814) and in Lisbon (1820-1822). The chronological cut of this research goes from 1808 to 1822. In this scenario, a new pact was based on the assertion that the citizen is a contracting party of the Nation and, thus, the elaboration on the the new conditions of citizenship constituted one of the main links of these experiences in the Iberian Region. From the meeting of the Cadiz Courts in the Spanish case and Lisbon in the Portuguese case on, being a constitutional citizen consisted on an opposition to the vassal of the Old Regime in both empires and, therefore, represented a break with the past. This new political culture established the beginning of a legal and administrative revolution, marked the deployment of constitutionalism and the exercise of the rights of citizens. Thus, the main objective of this study is to show that there was an expectation of obtaining the right to a citizenship by the Indians in the Province of Grão-Pará, from the dissemination of liberal ideas present in the Iberian constitutional revolutions. In this perspective, this investigation of this study verifies the dissemination of the news of Indians as citizens, defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1812, in periodicals, among the population and military troops in Grão-Pará, which were mainly composed of Tapuios, thereby, indicating a strong evidence to the tensions and social conflicts of the time.

A pesquisa tem como objeto a construção da cidadania indígena no Grão-Pará face aos estatutos referentes à questão indígena definidos nos debates parlamentares ocorridos nas Cortes em Cádis (1810-1814) e em Lisboa (1820-1822). O recorte cronológico desta investigação vai de 1808 até 1822. Nesse cenário, um novo pacto se fundamentava na afirmação do cidadão como parte contratante da Nação e, assim, a elaboração sobre as novas condições dos direitos do cidadão constituiu um dos elos principais dessas experiências no espaço ibérico. A partir da reunião das Cortes em Cádis, no caso espanhol, e em Lisboa, no caso português, ser cidadão constitucional consistia uma ruptura com o passado. Essa nova cultura política consagrou o início de uma revolução legal e administrativa, marcou a implantação do constitucionalismo e do exercício dos direitos do cidadão. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é mostrar que existiu uma expectativa de obtenção de definição do estatuto de cidadão pelos indígenas na Província do Grão-Pará, a partir da difusão das ideias liberais presentes nas revoluções constitucionais ibéricas. Nessa perspectiva, a investigação deste estudo verifica a disseminação da notícia dos indígenas como cidadãos, definida na Constituição espanhola de 1812, em periódicos, entre a população e as tropas militares no Grão-Pará, que eram compostas majoritariamente por tapuios, indicando, portanto, um forte indício para as tensões e conflitos sociais da época. / The objective of this research is the building of the Indigenous citizenship in Grão-Pará involving the statutes relating to indigenous issues defined in the parliamentary debates that occurred in the Cadiz Courts (1810-1814) and in Lisbon (1820-1822). The chronological cut of this research goes from 1808 to 1822. In this scenario, a new pact was based on the assertion that the citizen is a contracting party of the Nation and, thus, the elaboration on the the new conditions of citizenship constituted one of the main links of these experiences in the Iberian Region. From the meeting of the Cadiz Courts in the Spanish case and Lisbon in the Portuguese case on, being a constitutional citizen consisted on an opposition to the vassal of the Old Regime in both empires and, therefore, represented a break with the past. This new political culture established the beginning of a legal and administrative revolution, marked the deployment of constitutionalism and the exercise of the rights of citizens. Thus, the main objective of this study is to show that there was an expectation of obtaining the right to a citizenship by the Indians in the Province of Grão-Pará, from the dissemination of liberal ideas present in the Iberian constitutional revolutions. In this perspective, this investigation of this study verifies the dissemination of the news of Indians as citizens, defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1812, in periodicals, among the population and military troops in Grão-Pará, which were mainly composed of Tapuios, thereby, indicating a strong evidence to the tensions and social conflicts of the time.

This thesis examines the construction of ethnic identity, autonomy and indigenous citizenship in plurinational Bolivia. In 2009, the Kallawayas, an Andean indigenous nation, took advantage of legislation in Bolivia's new constitution to begin a process of legally constituting themselves as autonomous from the state. The objective of Indigenous Autonomy in the constitution is to allow indigenous nations and peoples to govern themselves according to their conceptions of ‘Living Well'. Living well, for the Kallawayas is understood in terms of what it means to be runa, a person living in the ayllu (the traditional Andean community). The Kallawayas are noted as healers, and sickness and health is understood as related to the maintenance of a ritual relationship of reciprocity with others in the ayllu, both living humans and ancestors, remembered in the landscape. Joint ritual relations with the landscape play an important role in joining disparate Kallawaya ayllus with distinct traditions and languages (Aymara, Quechua and the Kallawaya language Macha Jujay are spoken) together as an ethnic group. However, Kallawaya politics has followed the trajectory of national peasant politics in recent decades of splitting into federations divided along class and ethnic lines. The joint ritual practices which traditionally connected the Kallawaya ayllus adapted to reflect this new situation of division between three sections of Kallawaya society. This has meant that the Kallawayas are attempting political autonomy as an ethnic group when they have never been more fractured. This thesis then examines the meaning of autonomy and the Good Life for a politically divided and ethnically diverse indigenous people.