This study was undertaken to establish whether the legal phenomenon known as a contract exist in indigenous legal systems and in particular, among the Swazi. As the underlying aims and consequences of indigenous contracts differ not only between indigenous peoples but is also affected by the degree of westernisation that has taken place, a micro study has been done in semi-rural areas in the Kingdom of Swaziland to establish if the existing value systems are altered or replaced when western legal institutions are introduced. Data was obtained by way of interviewing a panel of experts and compared with available literature. Through the process of gathering information, the legal principles were described and the functioning of social processes noted. Different indigenous contracts and general principles were identified. It must, however, be noted that a contract is more than a device for establishing the economic and legal implications of a transaction. Most contractual disputes are resolved outside the courts through negotiated settlements to restore harmony in the community. Although the Swazi law of contract is showing clear signs of adapting to new developments, there is proof that established legal principles and Swazi values are being retained. This study will not only be useful as a source of information for both Swazi courts and administration, but could also serve as a basis for codification intended by the Swazi Government. For that purpose, a memorandum has been compiled for consideration by the Swazi authorities. The compatibility of Swazi law and custom with a Bill of Rights was also evaluated and suggestions were made for possible law reform in the Kingdom of Swaziland. / Jurisprudence / LL.D.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-20T14:16:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mávis Dill Kaipper_.pdf: 12720057 bytes, checksum: 9af1ef1951be569ca95ef2298812a387 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-20T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mávis Dill Kaipper_.pdf: 12720057 bytes, checksum: 9af1ef1951be569ca95ef2298812a387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-05 / Nenhuma / La présente recherche a comme objectif présenter l’Araguaksã - fête annuelle de la reconnaissance du territoire indigène Pataxó - et d’analyser les manifestations culturelles et historiques dans le contexte de cette célébration qui a débuté le 1er aout 1998 et que cette année de 2018 célébrera sa 20ème édition. La composition textuelle décrit le processus historique de formation et de dispersion territoriale du peuple Pataxó provoqué par la discrimination et la persécution, tandis que le texte d’imagerie montre les aspects artistiques-culturels et enregistre leurs manifestations traditionnelles, dans sa représentation photographique, dans laquelle sont présents les matériaux, les couleurs et les significations du profond symbolisme ethnique. Dans cette étude nous avons adopté une méthodologie de type qualitatif fondée sur une approche ethnographique. Comme méthodes de recueil de données nous avons utilisé l’observation participante, l’entretien semi-structuré, des enregistrements iconographiques, sonores et des images en mouvement. Pour l’analyse de données, nous avons choisi les principes d’analyse de contenu, afin de procéder à l’articulation théorique avec les rapports oraux, les photos du peuple Pataxó et leur mode de vie. La conclusion met en évidence les points importants de la culture autochtone Pataxó, tout en invoquant les droits constitutionnels de demander la reconnaissance civile des mariages réalisés dans les tribu dans les normes et la pratique juridique. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar o ARAGWAKSÃ, festa anual em comemoração ao reconhecimento do território indígena Pataxó, e analisar as manifestações culturais e históricas no contexto dessa celebração, que se iniciou em 1º de agosto de 1998 e, neste ano de 2018, estará comemorando a sua 20ª edição. A composição textual descreve o processo histórico da formação e dispersão territorial do povo Pataxó, provocada por discriminação e perseguição; enquanto o texto imagético mostra os aspectos artístico-culturais e registra as suas manifestações tradicionais em sua representação fotográfica, nas quais estão presentes materiais, cores e significados de profundo simbolismo étnico. Nesta pesquisa, adotou-se a metodologia qualitativa de princípios etnográficos, sendo que, para a coleta e a produção de dados, utilizaram-se a observação participante, a entrevista semiestruturada, os registros iconográficos e sonoros e as imagens em movimento. Para analisar os dados, foram escolhidos os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo, a fim de proceder à articulação teórica entre relatos orais, as imagens do povo Pataxó e seu modo de vida. As considerações destacam os pontos importantes da Cultura indígena Pataxó, ao tempo em que invocam os direitos constitucionais para requerer o reconhecimento civil dos casamentos realizados nas aldeias, dentro das normas e da praxe jurídica brasileira. / The present research aims to present ARAGWAKSÃ, an annual celebration to commemorate the recognition of the Pataxó indigenous territory, and to analyze the cultural and historical manifestations in the context of this celebration, which began on August 1, 1998 and in this year of 2018 will be celebrating its 20th edition. The textual composition describes the historical process of the territorial formation and dispersion of the Pataxó people, provoked by discrimination and persecution; while the imagery shows the artistic-cultural aspects and registers their traditional manifestations, in its photographic representation, in which are presented materials, colors and meanings of deep symbolism ethnic. In this research, the qualitative methodology of ethnographic principles was adopted. The participant observation, the semi-structured interview, the iconographic and sound records and the moving images were used for the collection and production of data. In order to analyze the data, the assumptions of the content analysis, were chosen in order to proceed with the theoretical articulation with the oral reports, photos of the Pataxó people and their way of life. The conclusion is to highlight the important points of the Pataxó Indigenous Culture, while invoking the constitutional rights to request the civil recognition of marriages in the villages, within the norms and legal practice in Brazil. / La presente investigación tiene como objetivo presentar el Araguaksán, fiesta anual en conmemoración al reconocimiento del territorio indígena Pataxó, y analizar las manifestaciones culturales e históricas en el contexto de esa celebración, que se inició el 1 de agosto de 1998 y, en este año de 2018, celebrará su 20ª edición. La composición textual describe el proceso histórico de la formación y dispersión territorial del pueblo Pataxó, provocada por discriminación y persecución; mientras que el texto imagético muestra los aspectos artístico-culturales y registra sus manifestaciones tradicionales, en su representación fotográfica, en las que están presentes materiales, colores y significados de profundo simbolismo étnico. En esta investigación, se adoptó la metodología cualitativa de principios etnográficos, siendo que para la recolección y la producción de datos, se utilizaron la observación participante, la entrevista semiestructurada, los registros iconográficos y sonoros y las imágenes en movimiento. Para analizar los datos, fueron escogidos los presupuestos del análisis de contenido, a fin de proceder a la articulación teórica entre los relatos orales, las fotos del pueblo Pataxó y su modo de vida. Las consideraciones finales destácan los puntos importantes de la Cultura indígena Pataxó, al tiempo que invocan los derechos constitucionales para requerir el reconocimiento civil de los matrimonios realizados en las aldeas, dentro de las normas y de la praxis jurídica en Brazil.

This study was undertaken to establish whether the legal phenomenon known as a contract exist in indigenous legal systems and in particular, among the Swazi. As the underlying aims and consequences of indigenous contracts differ not only between indigenous peoples but is also affected by the degree of westernisation that has taken place, a micro study has been done in semi-rural areas in the Kingdom of Swaziland to establish if the existing value systems are altered or replaced when western legal institutions are introduced. Data was obtained by way of interviewing a panel of experts and compared with available literature. Through the process of gathering information, the legal principles were described and the functioning of social processes noted. Different indigenous contracts and general principles were identified. It must, however, be noted that a contract is more than a device for establishing the economic and legal implications of a transaction. Most contractual disputes are resolved outside the courts through negotiated settlements to restore harmony in the community. Although the Swazi law of contract is showing clear signs of adapting to new developments, there is proof that established legal principles and Swazi values are being retained. This study will not only be useful as a source of information for both Swazi courts and administration, but could also serve as a basis for codification intended by the Swazi Government. For that purpose, a memorandum has been compiled for consideration by the Swazi authorities. The compatibility of Swazi law and custom with a Bill of Rights was also evaluated and suggestions were made for possible law reform in the Kingdom of Swaziland. / Jurisprudence / LL.D.