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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dano muscular induzido pelo sistema de treinamento de cargas descendentes em exercício resistido / Muscle damage induced by drop set training system in resistance exercise

Togashi, Giovanna Benjamin 17 December 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O dano muscular induzido pelo exercício (DMIE) em humanos ocorre quando o indivíduo realiza exercícios não-habituais, muito intensos ou de longa duração. Muitos protocolos experimentais têm se dedicado ao estudo do DMIE, porém poucos deles, principalmente aqueles com ações excêntricas, reproduzem uma situação real de treinamento físico. OBJETIVO: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar e comparar a ocorrência de dano muscular nos flexores do cotovelo induzido pelo sistema de treinamento de cargas descendentes em exercício resistido em duas diferentes intensidades por meio de marcadores indiretos de dano muscular: creatina quinase (CK), mioglobina (Mio), dor e torque muscular. MÉTODO: Foram voluntários 9 indivíduos do gênero masculino com idade média (\'+ OU -\' desvio padrão) de 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 anos, peso médio 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 quilos e altura média 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 centímetros. Os indivíduos realizaram dois protocolos de exercício resistido com ações concêntricas e excêntricas dos flexores do cotovelo nos exercícios rosca Scott e rosca direta com cargas descendentes em diferentes intensidades, uma iniciada em 90% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 90%) e outra iniciada em 75% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 75%). Os marcadores de dano muscular CK, Mio, dor e torque muscular foram avaliados previamente ao exercício, imediatamente após o exercício, 24, 48, 96 e 168 horas após o exercício. RESULTADOS: O pico de concentração de CK ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de concentração de Mio ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de dor ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício do PROTOCOLO 75% e permaneceu com o mesmo valor 48 horas após, com percepção referente à \"dor um pouco forte\" indicada na escala de Borg e no PROTOCOLO 90% obteve o pico imediatamente após o esforço com percepção referente à \"dor moderada\". A maior diminuição do torque muscular ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90% sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível sugerir a ocorrência do dano muscular e ambos os protocolos pelas variáveis investigadas. O torque muscular demonstrou ser o melhor marcador do dano muscular por avaliar de forma não-invasiva a funcionalidade e restabelecimento das estruturas do músculo. O PROTOCOLO 90% parece ser mais vantajoso praticamente por demonstrar as mesmas características nas variáveis CK, Mio e torque muscular com menor percepção de dor. Porém, pesquisas com adaptações ao treinamento crônico são necessárias para fortalecer estas afirmações. / INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in humans occurs after unaccustomed or vigorous exercise. Various experimental models was dedicated to EIMD, however few studies, essential those with eccentric action, replicated action that commonly occur during real physical training. PURPOSE: The general purpose of this research was to verify and to compare changes in indirect markers of muscle damage (Creatine Kinase (CK), myoglobin (Myo), pain and muscle torque) on the elbow flexors following training system of drop set in resistance exercise in two different intensities. METHODS: 9 young men (age: 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 years, height: 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 cm, body mass: 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 Kg) performed two exercise protocols of drop set resistance exercise with actions concentric and eccentric of the elbow flexors in Scott arm curl and direct arm curl of 90% (PROTOCOL 90%) and 75% (PROTOCOL 75%) of one maximal repeated. The indirect markers was obtained before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after exercise. RESULTS: The CK\'s concentration peak occurs 24 hours after exercise in both protocols, without significant differences (p < 0.05). The Myo\'s concentration peak occurs 24 immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant differences (p < 0.05). The pain peak 24 hours after the exercise of PROTOCOL 75% and continued in the same value 48 hours later, with pain perception of \"pain a little strong\", indicated in Borg\'s Scale. In the PROTOCOL 90% obtained a peak immediately after exercise with perception of \"moderate pain\". The greater reduction of the muscle torque occurs immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible suggest, through of indirect markers, that both protocols induced a muscle damage. The muscle torque shown to be a better marker of muscle damage because is a non-invasive way to evaluate the functionality of muscle structure. The PROTOCOL 90% seem to be more profitable in the practice because of magnitude pain perception.
2

Dano muscular induzido pelo sistema de treinamento de cargas descendentes em exercício resistido / Muscle damage induced by drop set training system in resistance exercise

Giovanna Benjamin Togashi 17 December 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O dano muscular induzido pelo exercício (DMIE) em humanos ocorre quando o indivíduo realiza exercícios não-habituais, muito intensos ou de longa duração. Muitos protocolos experimentais têm se dedicado ao estudo do DMIE, porém poucos deles, principalmente aqueles com ações excêntricas, reproduzem uma situação real de treinamento físico. OBJETIVO: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar e comparar a ocorrência de dano muscular nos flexores do cotovelo induzido pelo sistema de treinamento de cargas descendentes em exercício resistido em duas diferentes intensidades por meio de marcadores indiretos de dano muscular: creatina quinase (CK), mioglobina (Mio), dor e torque muscular. MÉTODO: Foram voluntários 9 indivíduos do gênero masculino com idade média (\'+ OU -\' desvio padrão) de 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 anos, peso médio 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 quilos e altura média 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 centímetros. Os indivíduos realizaram dois protocolos de exercício resistido com ações concêntricas e excêntricas dos flexores do cotovelo nos exercícios rosca Scott e rosca direta com cargas descendentes em diferentes intensidades, uma iniciada em 90% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 90%) e outra iniciada em 75% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 75%). Os marcadores de dano muscular CK, Mio, dor e torque muscular foram avaliados previamente ao exercício, imediatamente após o exercício, 24, 48, 96 e 168 horas após o exercício. RESULTADOS: O pico de concentração de CK ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de concentração de Mio ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de dor ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício do PROTOCOLO 75% e permaneceu com o mesmo valor 48 horas após, com percepção referente à \"dor um pouco forte\" indicada na escala de Borg e no PROTOCOLO 90% obteve o pico imediatamente após o esforço com percepção referente à \"dor moderada\". A maior diminuição do torque muscular ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90% sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível sugerir a ocorrência do dano muscular e ambos os protocolos pelas variáveis investigadas. O torque muscular demonstrou ser o melhor marcador do dano muscular por avaliar de forma não-invasiva a funcionalidade e restabelecimento das estruturas do músculo. O PROTOCOLO 90% parece ser mais vantajoso praticamente por demonstrar as mesmas características nas variáveis CK, Mio e torque muscular com menor percepção de dor. Porém, pesquisas com adaptações ao treinamento crônico são necessárias para fortalecer estas afirmações. / INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in humans occurs after unaccustomed or vigorous exercise. Various experimental models was dedicated to EIMD, however few studies, essential those with eccentric action, replicated action that commonly occur during real physical training. PURPOSE: The general purpose of this research was to verify and to compare changes in indirect markers of muscle damage (Creatine Kinase (CK), myoglobin (Myo), pain and muscle torque) on the elbow flexors following training system of drop set in resistance exercise in two different intensities. METHODS: 9 young men (age: 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 years, height: 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 cm, body mass: 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 Kg) performed two exercise protocols of drop set resistance exercise with actions concentric and eccentric of the elbow flexors in Scott arm curl and direct arm curl of 90% (PROTOCOL 90%) and 75% (PROTOCOL 75%) of one maximal repeated. The indirect markers was obtained before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after exercise. RESULTS: The CK\'s concentration peak occurs 24 hours after exercise in both protocols, without significant differences (p < 0.05). The Myo\'s concentration peak occurs 24 immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant differences (p < 0.05). The pain peak 24 hours after the exercise of PROTOCOL 75% and continued in the same value 48 hours later, with pain perception of \"pain a little strong\", indicated in Borg\'s Scale. In the PROTOCOL 90% obtained a peak immediately after exercise with perception of \"moderate pain\". The greater reduction of the muscle torque occurs immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible suggest, through of indirect markers, that both protocols induced a muscle damage. The muscle torque shown to be a better marker of muscle damage because is a non-invasive way to evaluate the functionality of muscle structure. The PROTOCOL 90% seem to be more profitable in the practice because of magnitude pain perception.
3

Phenologie de la formation du bois chez le Mélèze : un pas vers une meilleure compréhension de la formation du bois par rapport à climat / Phenology of wood formation and its genetic variability in larch : A step towards a better understanding of wood formation in relation to climate

Gauchat Funes Drewes, María Elena 27 May 2011 (has links)
Le genre Larix intéresse les reboiseurs en raison de sa croissance rapide et de son bois apprécié. En particulier, le mélèze est une alternative intéressante au douglas pour les reboisements à basse et moyenne altitude. L'adaptation à l'environnement est une question clé pour les améliorateurs d'arbres forestiers. Cette question est particulièrement importante dans le cadre du changement climatique, où une diminution de la disponibilité en eau durant la saison de végétation est prédite. Trois espèces principales de mélèzes sont utilisées en reboisement en France : le mélèze d'Europe, le mélèze du Japon et leur hybride. Les bonnes performances du mélèze hybride en plantation témoignent de son grand potentiel. La structure cellulaire des cernes annuels reflète la réponse du cambium (division cellulaire, allongement et épaississement des parois) aux facteurs environnementaux (climat, fertilité, compétition…), ainsi que des stades physiologiques et l'effet de la génétique. La densité du bois peut être interprétée comme le produit de l'activité cambiale, et sa variation comme la réponse de l'arbre à son environnement. Toutefois, afin de bien avons combiné de façon originale microdensitométrie et blessures du cambium comprendre cette réponse et les variations du processus de xylogenèse lui-même, il est important de repérer les évènements qui se succèdent lors de la production des cellules de bois. Plusieurs approches permettent de dater la formation du bois. Nous (pinning method) afin d'étudier la dynamique de la fabrication du bois. Nous avons analysé les données obtenues du point de vue de l'améliorateur d'arbres forestiers. Cette nouvelle approche nous a permis d‘aller au-delà le caractère statique du profil microdensitométrique (où la densité varie en fonction de la distance) afin de le convertir en profil dynamique (où la densité varie en fonction du temps). La variation de la phénologie de l'activité cambiale peut être vue comme un mécanisme ajustant bois peuvent être interprétées comme des caractères d'adaptation. L'intérêt pour les les le fonctionnement des arbres à leur environnement. Si cet ajustement améliore leur valeur adaptative (fitness), alors les variations correspondantes de l'anatomie du entre phénologie cambiale, formation du bois et stress pédoclimatiques afin de améliorateurs est double : d'un côté, il est urgent de mieux comprendre les liens concevoir des génotypes mieux adaptés à leur environnement. […] Suite et fin du résumé dans la thèse. / Larix is a genus of high interest for plantation due to its fast growth rate and appreciated wood quality. Larch has a great potential to be introduced in middle and lowland afforestations as an alternative to Douglas-fir. One important question for breeders is adaptation to environment. It is particularly relevant in the context of climatic changes where a strong decrease of soil water availability during the growth period is predicted. Three larch species are used by foresters in France for plantation establishment, for which breeders must supply more adapted material: European and Japanese larch and their interspecific hybrid. The higher performance of hybrid larch in afforestations demonstrates its great potential. The tissue structure of annual rings reflects the response of cambium (cell division, elongation and thickening of cell walls) to environmental factors (climate, soil fertility, competition, etc), as well as physiological states and genetics. Then, wood density can be interpreted as the result of cambial activity and its variation as the response of the tree to environment. However, to gain a better understanding of this response and of the variation of the xylogenesis process itself, it is important to spot the timing of wood cell production. There are different approaches to study the timing of wood formation. We used a combination of wood microdensitometry and of pinning method as a new approach to study the dynamic of wood formation from a tree improvement point of view. This new approach allowed us to go beyond the static character of the microdensity profile (where density variation is related to distance) and to transform it into a dynamic profile (where density variation is related to time). Variation in phenology of cambial activity can be seen as a mechanism better adjusting trees to their environment. If this adjustment improves fitness, then the corresponding tree anatomical response to environment variation may be seen as an adaptive response. As breeders, our interest is twice: on one side, a better understanding of cambial phenology and of wood formation in relation to pedo-climatic factors and climatic stress is urgent for profiling genotypes better fitted to their environment. On the other side, exploitation design trees with better wood properties. In larch, phenotypic variation of variables through breeding of knowledge about phenology of wood formation will help to related to the dates of initiation and completion of the formation of different tissues and to the total duration of ring formation is low. Last and final summary in the thesis.

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