Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-13T13:44:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Vasconcelos Machado_.pdf: 681344 bytes, checksum: 69ffa82e6b820c2d6589c88223f69f15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T13:44:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Vasconcelos Machado_.pdf: 681344 bytes, checksum: 69ffa82e6b820c2d6589c88223f69f15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23 / Nenhuma / O Empretec é uma metodologia para a capacitação ao empreendedorismo, desenvolvida pela ONU nos anos 1980, que se baseia nas pesquisas de McClelland (1972) sobre as características de comportamentos do empreendedor (CCE), com o pressuposto de que as habilidades relacionadas às atitudes empreendedoras podem ser desenvolvidas, formando um Perfil Empreendedor (PE). O conceito de Orientação Empreendedora foi desenvolvido por Miller (1983), com base em pesquisas sobre a correlação do desempenho de empresas orientadas para atuar de maneira empreendedora, explorando características como inovação, capacidade de assumir riscos e agressividade competitiva. Bolton e Lane (2012) avançaram e desenvolveram a Orientação Empreendedora Individual (OEI), que analisa construtos como: receptividade de assumir riscos, inovação e proatividade. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva analisar a relação entre a OEI e as características do Perfil Empreendedor, e seu impacto na intenção de empreender dos indivíduos bem como qual a relação que o Empretec tem para essas características e na intenção de empreender. A pesquisa é quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva, os dados foram coletados por uma survey. A amostra é do tipo não probabilística, intencional por conveniência, composta por clientes e interessados nas ações do SEBRAE no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para a qual foi enviado um questionário auto administrado. O total de respondentes foi de 1.022 pessoas (405 realizaram o treinamento Empretec e 617 não). A análise dos dados foi realizada com tratamento estatístico e uso do software SPSS, sendo que a correlação de Pearson foi empregada para verificar a relação entre a OEI e as características do PE. Os resultados demonstraram que, a comparação entre as duas escalas que medem comportamentos e atitudes e que foram validadas com uma diferença aproximada de quarenta anos, há correlações moderadas entre os seus construtos. Características em destaque foram a receptividade de correr riscos e proatividade dos empreendedores. Mas as dimensões de inovação da escala de OEI não tiveram nenhuma correlação com a CCE. E, por fim, identificou-se que Empretec não apresentou influências no PE e na OEI. / Empretec is a methodology for entrepreneurship training, developed by the United Nations in the 1980s, based on McClelland's (1972) about on the characteristics of entrepreneur behavior (CEB), with the assumption that skills related to entrepreneurial attitudes can be developed, and are a part of an Entrepreneurial Profile (EP). The concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation was developed by Miller (1983), based on research about the correlation of the performance of companies oriented to act in an entrepreneurial way, exploring characteristics such as innovation, risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness. Bolton and Lane (2012) have gone further and developed Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO), which analyzes constructs such as willingness to take risks, innovation and proactivity. Thus, this study aims to analyze the relationship between the IEO and the characteristics of the EP, and its impact on the individuals' intention to undertaking, as well as the relation that Empretec has to these characteristics and the intention to undertaking. The research is quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, and the data were collected by a survey. The sample is non-probabilistic, intentional for convenience, based on clients and stakeholders of SEBRAE in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, for which a self-administered questionnaire was sent. The total number of respondents was 1,022 people (405 performed the Empretec training and 617 did not). Data analyses were statistical using SPSS software, and Pearson's correlation was used to verify the relationship between IEO and EP characteristics. Results showed that the comparison between the two scales that measure behaviors and attitudes and that were validated with a difference of approximately forty years, have presented moderate correlations between their constructs. Characteristics highlighted were the acceptance of risk taking and proactivity of the entrepreneurs. But the innovation dimensions of the IEO scale had no correlation with CEB. Finally, it was identified that the Empretec had no influence on EP and OEI.

Background:  Over the years, traditional entrepreneurs started businesses due to either pull or push factors within their environments. Research has been carried out in profiling different types of entrepreneurs and their characteristics. The social media influencers are new forms of entrepreneurs who recently appeared due to changes in the technological environments. The existence of social media platforms has enhanced the possibility of entrepreneurial activities online. The platforms are available for everyone, but some have more entrepreneurial orientation or characteristics than others.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to measure the entrepreneurial orientation and the characteristics of social media users, compare social media influencers with other social media users, to determine if differences exist. Methods:       This research uses the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale (Bolton & Lane, 2012) and the Individual Personality Traits measuring scale (Al Mamun, Bin Yusoff, & Ibrahim, 2018). This is a deductive study, testing the above-mentioned theories on social media users, and a quantitative study aided using data collected from online survey. Conclusion:   The results of this study show that Social Media Influencer have higher entrepreneurial traits than non-Social Media Influencers.  The result also supports the three-factor structure and satisfactory reliability of the IEO scales and subscales. Subsequently, I found out that non-SMIs do create online contents and carry out entrepreneurial activities online too.