Inaug.-Diss.--Berlin.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-136).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Basel. / "Die vorliegende dissertation erscheint gleichzeitig unter dem titel 'Die standortstheorie Alfred Webers' als band 14 der von den herren professoren Dr. Fritz Mangold und Dr. Edgar Salin herausgegeben Sammlung 'Staatswissenschaftliche studien'." Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 205-208.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 108-111.

Understanding the reasons for industry concentrating in certain areas is an important policy issue. South Africa has experienced a socio-political policy of apartheid that had an industrial counterpart: an industrial decentralisation programme. Since 1994 and the country's first democratic elections, a new industrial policy has been pursued with the aim of facilitating industrial activity in certain areas of the country. This study addresses the issue of manufacturing industry concentration in South Africa. First, a review of the theory of industry location and concentration is undertaken. This includes the theory of industry location put forward by Weber and Marshall. Then, more recent work by Krugman is examined within the context of the so-called New Economic Geography. The literature emphasizes the importance to industry location of factors such as being close to a supply of labour, minimization of transport costs and proximity to a market or source of demand for output. The New Economic Geography also deals with the notion of the development of an industrial "core" of the economy and a deindustrialised "periphery". The development of industrial policy in South Africa is dealt with. This includes an overview of development of the South African economy from a geographical perspective. This is followed by a review of key policy changes affecting industrial development in South Africa. This includes Industrial Decentralisation Policy and the Regional Industrial Development Programme pursued in the apartheid era. An examination is undertaken of industrial policy in the democratic era in terms of the spatial development initiatives and the Regional Industrial Location Study. Data that could be used in the analysis of industry concentration is reviewed. Then, the study examines the research hypothesis to be used in the study, namely that industry concentration in South Africa is a function of education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household income, urbanisation level of the population, population density and transport infrastructure density. The models involve cross-section analysis testing whether manufacturing industry concentration (measured in terms of manufacturing establishments) and manufacturing industry size (measured by manufacturing output) can be explained by factors such as education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household incomes, level of urbanisation, population density, road transport infrastructure density, as well as a dummy taking account of the decentralisation programme. The empirical analysis involves the use of the Cotton-Neumark decomposition method to test whether the attributes of the models can explain the differences in concentration of the manufacturing industry across provinces in South Africa. The study concludes that the attributes of the models can explain differences in industry concentration between Gauteng province on the one hand and the remaining provinces on the other. Attributes such as education and skills levels are shown to be important in the case of provinces such as Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. Attributes such as incomes and population density are identified as important in provinces such as Northern Province and North West. Road transport infrastructure density is significant in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. The decentralisation programme was found to be important in influencing industry location in the Eastern Cape Province. Finally, it is argued that industrial strategy in South Africa with a spatial or geographic element, such as the spatial development initiatives, must be implemented taking full account of factors that are most important in influencing industry concentration in a particular region. / Thesis (DPhil (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Economics / unrestricted

The location of industry has a marked impact on the spatial development and form of the urban area. In the past, the location of industry was determined almost entirely by the industrial firms concerned. Their decisions were based on such factors as cost, accessibility and taxation policies with little regard for the inhabitants of the communities in which they located or for their impact on the environment. This, with the increased urbanization and the phenomenal urban sprawl of the past few decades, has brought the realization that urban planning is essential. Urban planners are faced with a tremendous responsibility in attempting to balance the requirements of industry with the needs of the community. To achieve this goal it is necessary to identify industry's requirements as well as measure them in some manner. Following a general discussion of the various location theories and a review of the existing literature, this study attempts to discover by empirical means if any one of the sources of demand for industrial property is large enough to be used as a basis for predicting future growth and development in the Vancouver metropolitan area. The study incorporates in its framework a review of some of the existing literature on the location of industrial plants. The purpose of this section of the study (Chapter II) is to identify and summarize the various theories which attempt to explain why industry locates where it does. It provides the framework in which the case study of Vancouver can be presented. In addition, Chapter II provides a useful basis for comparing the observations of reviewed authors of other "western" cities with Vancouver. The primary objective of the study is to examine the sources of demand for industrial property to ascertain if any one is sufficiently large to allow it to serve as a basis for predicting future demand. It is hypothesized that the source arising from the relocation of existing companies is sufficiently large in metropolitan Vancouver to serve this purpose. Arising out of this is a secondary object: to analyse the characteristics of those firms which have relocated to discover if any common denominators exist which could be used to predict future industrial plant movements. The area of study has been restricted to Vancouver City and the Municipality of Burnaby. It would have been more desirable to include the entire metropolitan area, since definite conclusions could then have been drawn; however, the survey required to gather the data for the entire region was beyond the physical capability of any one individual. The survey yielded data on 238 companies. When the sample was originally constructed it was decided to choose 320 companies (or 40% of the presumed total population). This was considered necessary since the survey was to be conducted during the summer months. If, when the interviewer called on a company, he was unable to have the questionnaire completed, the company was dropped from the sample. In this manner, the sample was reduced to about 30%. The analysis indicated that much of the demand for industrial property originates within the metropolitan area. Although the relocation of existing industries appears to be the largest source of demand for industrial property, it is not so large that it dominates. As a consequence it is doubtful that this source could be used as a basis for projecting future industry requirements. An examination of the firms that had relocated showed that the majority moved due to dissatisfaction with the physical premises in which they were located. Once they had decided to move, they normally only gave scant attention to the location decision. This is perhaps due to the fact that many of these companies were small and did not own their premises. / Business, Sauder School of / Real Estate Division / Graduate

This thesis represents an empirical analysis of manufacturing location in Greater Vancouver based primarily upon the analysis of the returns to a location survey questionnaire mailed to manufacturing plants in Greater Vancouver employing over fifteen employees. In this questionnaire respondents are asked to assess the importance of a set of location factors in their regional locational decision. The quantitative techniques employed to analyze these returns seek to examine the similarity and difference in patterns of response among various industry types and size classes of respondents. The returns to this questionnaire are shown to possess severe limitations with regard to scope of coverage and format of the questionnaire itself in view of their utility as a data base for a study of metropolitan manufacturing location. Suggestions are therefore made with regard to how these limitations could have been overcome to furnish data of greater utility. This thesis, as a reflection of the limitations in its primary empirical data base, does not yield a great number of generally applicable findings. The findings however which do emerge are related to statements in the voluminous body of industrial location literature. The relevance of these findings to the planner concerned with the development of policy to regulate and accommodate manufacturing activity within Greater Vancouver is also discussed. The methodology employed and supplementary approaches suggested within this thesis would be applicable to more comprehensive metropolitan industrial location questionnaire returns. Suggestions with regard to improvements in questionnaire format are of general applicability and could contribute substantially to improving the quality of industrial location surveys in general, particularly at the metropolitan level of analysis. Such improvements could also lead to the gradual construction of industrial location theory of greater empirical utility. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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