Understanding the reasons for industry concentrating in certain areas is an important policy issue. South Africa has experienced a socio-political policy of apartheid that had an industrial counterpart: an industrial decentralisation programme. Since 1994 and the country's first democratic elections, a new industrial policy has been pursued with the aim of facilitating industrial activity in certain areas of the country. This study addresses the issue of manufacturing industry concentration in South Africa. First, a review of the theory of industry location and concentration is undertaken. This includes the theory of industry location put forward by Weber and Marshall. Then, more recent work by Krugman is examined within the context of the so-called New Economic Geography. The literature emphasizes the importance to industry location of factors such as being close to a supply of labour, minimization of transport costs and proximity to a market or source of demand for output. The New Economic Geography also deals with the notion of the development of an industrial "core" of the economy and a deindustrialised "periphery". The development of industrial policy in South Africa is dealt with. This includes an overview of development of the South African economy from a geographical perspective. This is followed by a review of key policy changes affecting industrial development in South Africa. This includes Industrial Decentralisation Policy and the Regional Industrial Development Programme pursued in the apartheid era. An examination is undertaken of industrial policy in the democratic era in terms of the spatial development initiatives and the Regional Industrial Location Study. Data that could be used in the analysis of industry concentration is reviewed. Then, the study examines the research hypothesis to be used in the study, namely that industry concentration in South Africa is a function of education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household income, urbanisation level of the population, population density and transport infrastructure density. The models involve cross-section analysis testing whether manufacturing industry concentration (measured in terms of manufacturing establishments) and manufacturing industry size (measured by manufacturing output) can be explained by factors such as education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household incomes, level of urbanisation, population density, road transport infrastructure density, as well as a dummy taking account of the decentralisation programme. The empirical analysis involves the use of the Cotton-Neumark decomposition method to test whether the attributes of the models can explain the differences in concentration of the manufacturing industry across provinces in South Africa. The study concludes that the attributes of the models can explain differences in industry concentration between Gauteng province on the one hand and the remaining provinces on the other. Attributes such as education and skills levels are shown to be important in the case of provinces such as Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. Attributes such as incomes and population density are identified as important in provinces such as Northern Province and North West. Road transport infrastructure density is significant in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. The decentralisation programme was found to be important in influencing industry location in the Eastern Cape Province. Finally, it is argued that industrial strategy in South Africa with a spatial or geographic element, such as the spatial development initiatives, must be implemented taking full account of factors that are most important in influencing industry concentration in a particular region. / Thesis (DPhil (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Economics / unrestricted

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Issues relating to self-employment and the development of the so-called New Economy gained not only new founded momentum, but also more all round interest over the last two decades, especially from academic researchers. During this time, new emphasis was placed on the importance and significance of location. Consequently, urban areas were finally regarded as instrumental within providing the central backdrop for the competing nature of the global economy. Due to this fact, the emphasis again shifted from competition to the stimulation of investment. Local Economic Development (LED) was the South African method of doing so. Entrepreneurship became a major driving force of the South African market. Within the same past two decades substantial growth took place within Home-based Work, especially within Home-based Enterprise (HBE) activities. This can be attributed to the flexible organization of production that a home-based work (HBW) lifestyle can provide. Within the South-African context there does exists some empirical observations relating to HBW and TBE activities, but these studies have mostly focused on informal neighborhoods and other less affluent areas. This study however places the emphasis on the existence of HBW, selfemployment and HBE’s within all the income-group neighbourhoods in George. The existence of the traditional Spazashops and Shebeens is included, because these examples are extremely relevant within the South African context, but other specialized careers such as medical practitioners, childcare professionals, consultants, and producers of various products are also examined. The study wants to contribute to the discussion of urban sustainable development through the inclusion of HBW and HBE’s as potential strategies to reach sustainability within communities. Because of this, the primary aims and objectives of this study include the nature and extent of HBE activities throughout various neighbourhoods located on the periphery of the urban centre in George. A deeper understanding regarding the reasons behind the locational decision process (thus why participating home- businesses chose George as the location for their Small, Medium or Micro Enterprises (SMME’s) and the consequential location movement of these businesses was also examined. The spatial and structural relationships that exist between the growth and/or movement of formal businesses in the study area was further observed by the creation of a database stretching from 1995 to 2005 that lists and map these locational changes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwessies wat verband hou met selfwerksaamheid en die ontwikkeling van die sogenaamde Nuwe Ekonomie het oor die afgelope twee dekades reeds heelwat aandag vanaf navorsers geniet. Hernieude klem is geplaas op die belangrikheid van ligging, en stede word deesdae beleef as instrumenteel om ’n sentrale en mededingende rol te speel binne die globale ekonomie. As gevolg van hierdie stedelike mededingendheid het die fokus verskuif na die bevordering van investering. Gevolglik het Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling (PEO) in Suid-Afrika toenemende verandering na markgedrewe entrepreneurskap veroorsaak. Daar het ook tydens die afgelope twee dekades ’n aansienlike groei in Tuisgebaseerde Werk (TGW), veral onder Tuisgebaseerde Besigheid (TGB) aktiwiteite plaasgevind. Hierdie fenomeen kan toegeskryf word aan faktore soos die buigbare organisasie van produksie wat met ʼn TGW lewenswyse kan voorsien. Daar bestaan wel ’n aantal empiriese waarnemings rakende TGW en TGB aktiwiteite in Suid-Afrika maar hierdie studies is meestal gemik op informelenedersettings en mindergegoede areas. Hierdie studie plaas dus groter klem op die bestaan van TGW, selfwerksaamheid en TGB’e binne al die inkomste woonbuurte in George. Die bestaan van TGB’e in die minder-gegoede areas vorm ook deel van hierdie studie (byvoorbeeld die tradisionele Spaza of Huiswinkel en Smokkelhuis/ "Shebeen“ aangesien dit onmisbaar is binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, maar ander gespesialiseerde beroepe wat ook in ’n woonbuurt kan voorkom (byvoorbeeld mediese praktisyns, kinderbewaarskole, konsultante en vervaardigers van allerlei) word ook ondersoek. Hierdie studie will graag bydra tot die bespreking van stedelike volhoubare ontwikkeling deur TGB’e te oorweeg as potensiële strategie om hierdie volhoubaarheid te bereik in gemeenskappe. Daarom is die primêre doelstellings van hierdie studie om die aard en omvang van TGB aktiwiteite tussen verskillende woonbuurte op die stedelikehinderland (in die omtrek van die stedelike kern) in George te ondersoek, ’n diepere begrip te bereik rakende die redes vir die besluite van hierdie deelnemende tuisondernemings (Klein-, Medium- en Mikro-ondernemings) om spesifiek George as vestiging te kies en laastens, die ruimtelike en strukturele verhoudinge wat duidelik is vanuit die formele groei (formele besighede se uitbreiding en/of verskuiwing) in George sedert 1995.

The Port Elizabeth College (PE College) was founded in January 2002 as a result of the merger between the three technical colleges in Port Elizabeth, namely, Russell Road, Bethelsdorp and Iqhayiya. Similar courses are offered in duplicated facilities, contrary to the sentiment of the legislation requiring the reduction of the number of technical colleges from 152 to 50. A further problem experienced by the management of PE College is that the Russell Road campus is so full that it is necessary to turn prospective students away, while the other campuses are under-utilised. The focus of this study is the evaluation of the location and coverage offered by the six PE College sites of delivery. The study examined the physical facilities of the PE College and investigated the requirements of staff and students, regarding their campuses of choice. The objectives were achieved through site visits to the six campuses, as well as a quantitative, structured, self-administered survey of all staff and students of the PE College in October 2003. The questions used in the survey were selected only after a literature review of location theory, which highlighted the factors to be considered in location decisions. Completed questionnaires were received from 1 256 student and 120 staff respondents. The empirical study showed that 13,2% of students and 9,2% of staff wished to study or work at a different campus. Sixty-eight percent of students who wanted to change campuses preferred to be based at the Russell Road campus, which is already full. As a result, this study has led to the recommendation that the PE College should use a product-based location strategy, where each campus specialises in a different field of study. Although this location strategy will not necessarily offer the greatest accessibility to students and staff, it will result in the least amount of duplication, and, therefore, reduced costs.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / In the case of an economical activity such as a distribution system, the distribution depot normally forms the nucleus of the network. The market place that is being served is not static and with the passing of time, due to the change in demand together with the change in the product range which is being offered, a tendency develops for the distribution point to move away from the nucleus of the network, thereby not representing the optimal location anymore. There is therefore a constant need for companies to determine whether their distribution system is suitable for their present, as well as their future trading circumstances. This factor together with the normal endeavour to minimise physical distribution costs, results in the need for a sophisticated approach to the whole problem of relocating distribution networks. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a basic model which will set out guidelines for the relocation of distribution centres. With the above mentioned in mind, the first step is a study of the theory to highlight and analyse applicable techniques and methods that could possibly be used in this model. The accent throughout this section is placed on well known and proven theories and techniques. The second part of this research focuses on the empirical study that forms the basis for the building of a relocation model. With the help of practical examples it is shown how to apply the model and each step is being highlighted and illustrated. The model that has been designed in this study clearly outlines the steps that enable the user to undertake and optimally apply a relocation study. Its application does not necessarily require highly trained personnel or complicated programming. It is therefore recommended that this model be applied in the case of the relocation of distribution centres. / In die geval van ekonomiese aktiwiteite soos 'n distribusiesisteem, vorm die verspreidingsdepot gewoonlik die kernpunt van die netwerk. Die markplek wat bedien word is egter nie staties nie en met die verloop van tyd, as gevolg van die verandering in die aanvraag tesame met die verandering in die produkreeks wat aangebied word, ontstaan daar 'n neiging dat die oorsponklike verspreidingspunt weg beweeg vanaf die kernpunt van die netwerk en dus nie meer die optimale liggging verteenwoordig nie. Daar is dus 'n konstante behoefte by maatskappye om te bepaal of hulle distribusiesisteme geskik is vir hulle huidige, sowel as toekomstige handelsomstandighede. Hierdie faktor, tesame met die normale strewe na minimalisering van fisiese distribusiekoste, het tot gevolg dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan aan 'n gesofistikeerde benadering tot die hele problematiek van vestiging van verspreidingsnetwerke. Die studie het dus ten doel die ontwikkeling van 'n basiese model wat riglyne daarstel vir die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. Met bogenoemde in gedagte, is daar in die eerste plek 'n teoretiese studie onderneem wat toepaslike tegnieke en metodes wat moonlik in hierdie model opgeneem kon word, uitgelig en geanaliseer het. In hierdie gedeelte word die aksent deurentyd op bekende en bewese teoriee geplaas. Die tweede gedeelte van die navorsing fokus op die empiriese studie wat met die bou van 'n hervestigingsmodel gepaard gaan. Daar word aangetoon hoe om die model toe te pas en elke stap word met behulp van praktiese voorbeelde toegelig en verduidelik. Die model wat hier ontwikkel is le duidelike riglyne neer wat die verbruiker in staat stel om 'n hervestigingstudie aan te pak en optimaal toe te pas. Die toepassing daarvan vereis nie noodwendig hoogsopgeleide personeel of ingewikkelde programering nie en word daar gevolglik aanbeveel dat hierdie model toegepas word in die geval van die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. / Business Management / D. Comm.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / In the case of an economical activity such as a distribution system, the distribution depot normally forms the nucleus of the network. The market place that is being served is not static and with the passing of time, due to the change in demand together with the change in the product range which is being offered, a tendency develops for the distribution point to move away from the nucleus of the network, thereby not representing the optimal location anymore. There is therefore a constant need for companies to determine whether their distribution system is suitable for their present, as well as their future trading circumstances. This factor together with the normal endeavour to minimise physical distribution costs, results in the need for a sophisticated approach to the whole problem of relocating distribution networks. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a basic model which will set out guidelines for the relocation of distribution centres. With the above mentioned in mind, the first step is a study of the theory to highlight and analyse applicable techniques and methods that could possibly be used in this model. The accent throughout this section is placed on well known and proven theories and techniques. The second part of this research focuses on the empirical study that forms the basis for the building of a relocation model. With the help of practical examples it is shown how to apply the model and each step is being highlighted and illustrated. The model that has been designed in this study clearly outlines the steps that enable the user to undertake and optimally apply a relocation study. Its application does not necessarily require highly trained personnel or complicated programming. It is therefore recommended that this model be applied in the case of the relocation of distribution centres. / In die geval van ekonomiese aktiwiteite soos 'n distribusiesisteem, vorm die verspreidingsdepot gewoonlik die kernpunt van die netwerk. Die markplek wat bedien word is egter nie staties nie en met die verloop van tyd, as gevolg van die verandering in die aanvraag tesame met die verandering in die produkreeks wat aangebied word, ontstaan daar 'n neiging dat die oorsponklike verspreidingspunt weg beweeg vanaf die kernpunt van die netwerk en dus nie meer die optimale liggging verteenwoordig nie. Daar is dus 'n konstante behoefte by maatskappye om te bepaal of hulle distribusiesisteme geskik is vir hulle huidige, sowel as toekomstige handelsomstandighede. Hierdie faktor, tesame met die normale strewe na minimalisering van fisiese distribusiekoste, het tot gevolg dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan aan 'n gesofistikeerde benadering tot die hele problematiek van vestiging van verspreidingsnetwerke. Die studie het dus ten doel die ontwikkeling van 'n basiese model wat riglyne daarstel vir die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. Met bogenoemde in gedagte, is daar in die eerste plek 'n teoretiese studie onderneem wat toepaslike tegnieke en metodes wat moonlik in hierdie model opgeneem kon word, uitgelig en geanaliseer het. In hierdie gedeelte word die aksent deurentyd op bekende en bewese teoriee geplaas. Die tweede gedeelte van die navorsing fokus op die empiriese studie wat met die bou van 'n hervestigingsmodel gepaard gaan. Daar word aangetoon hoe om die model toe te pas en elke stap word met behulp van praktiese voorbeelde toegelig en verduidelik. Die model wat hier ontwikkel is le duidelike riglyne neer wat die verbruiker in staat stel om 'n hervestigingstudie aan te pak en optimaal toe te pas. Die toepassing daarvan vereis nie noodwendig hoogsopgeleide personeel of ingewikkelde programering nie en word daar gevolglik aanbeveel dat hierdie model toegepas word in die geval van die hervestiging van verspreidingsentra. / Business Management / D. Comm.

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Issues relating to globalization and the rise of the New Economy have received much attention from academics. Renewed emphasis has been placed on the importance of locality and cities are seen as gateways to ensuring a competitive role in the global economy. In South Africa, local economic development (LED) approaches are increasingly reflecting market-driven entrepreneurialism as cities compete to attract investment. This has, however, caused the decline of economies of already lagging regions, widening regional disparities. Statistical evidence confirms the opinion that the service sector has become a leading contributor to national and regional economic growth, both internationally and in South Africa. Synonymous with the knowledge-based economy is the dependence of this sector on innovation and highly skilled human capital as drivers of competitiveness and development. As a result, the role of universities as producers of knowledge and educated labour has received much attention. The perceived geographic “footloose” nature of knowledge-based industries has also led some to believe in their potential to reduce the disparities between cities and small towns or peripheral locations. Evidence show, however, that knowledge-based service industries still tend to cluster in major metropolitan areas. Though the importance of the knowledge-based service sector has been acknowledged by academics and government, a lack of empirical research still exist on the decision-making processes determining the choice of location of South African companies. Research has indicated the medium-sized town of Stellenbosch in South Africa to have a high level of growth potential. The town is also the location of a well-established IT and knowledge-based service sector. For the purpose of this study, a database was compiled of a research population of 329 knowledge-based service industries operational in Stellenbosch, after which surveys were distributed amongst the entire population. Data generated from 104 completed questionnaires provided a deepened understanding of the nature of these industries of which the majority is single-branch businesses situated in Stellenbosch due to the fact that it was the owners or key role players’ home town during the time of establishment. Other notable trends such as the growth in the number of international head offices in the knowledge-based service sector, the availability of highly skilled labour, and proximity to important clients, further highlights the reasoning behind the decision of knowledge-based companies to locate in Stellenbosch specifically. Finally, the existing linkages between Stellenbosch University and these industries - specifically the IT and engineering sector - receives attention.

Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The historical Apartheid policy caused a lack ofinterest in metropolitan management in South Africa. Metropolitan management mainly focussed on limiting the accessibility ofthe non-white population to economic activities in urban areas. White institutions directed the intra-urban structure of urban areas to maintain their dominant economic, social and political position in the South African community. Increasing urbanization and constitutional changes in South Africa since 1991, together with international theoretical developments, necessitated a reconsideration of the nature of metropolitan management. For this purpose the objectives of metropolitan management were reformulated and industrial location was identified as an instrument in metropolitan management to increase the accessibility to economic activities. Itwas also determined that the non-establishment of industries intraditional non -white urban areas and the long distances between workplace and residential areas in North Gauteng limited the accessibility to non-whites. The New Institutional Approach, which serves as the theoretical starting point in this study, emphasises the role of rival individuals and interest groups in determining the intra-urban structure. An analysis of the role of primarily white individuals and interest groups, namely the community, the local and central governments, and the industrial entrepreneur, showed that the local and central governments played a determining role in establishing the intra-urban structure of the study area. The approach of the community and industrial entrepreneurs was mostly directed towards their own private interests and the inaccessibility of the study area for non-white population groups did not concern them. The institutions of the town councillors and officials of the local governments originated from exogenous institutions which were enforced on local governments from the central government and endogenic institutions which derived from a long tradition of urban planning. These institutions do not relate to the realities of the South African community and therefore a new institutional framework for decisionmaking on intra-urban structure was needed. Although this study only concerns one metropolitan area, the study area manifests all the characteristics of a typical Apartheid city in South Africa and the conclusions can be used in the reformulation of metropolitan management for most areas in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die historiese Apartheidsbeleid het veroorsaak dat metropolitaanse bestuur in Suid- Afrika nie veel aandag gekry het nie. Metropolitaanse bestuur was grootliks gerig op die beperking van die toeganklikheid van nie-blanke bevolkingsgroepe tot ekonomiese aktiwiteite in stedelike gebiede. Blanke instellings het die intra-stedelike struktuurvan stedelike gebiede gerig om huloorheersende ekonomiese, sosiale en politieke posisie in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing te handhaaf. Toenemende verstedeliking en konstitusionele verandering in Suid-Afrika sedert 1991, tesame met internasionale teoretiese ontwikkelinge, het 'n herbesinning oor die aard van metropolitaanse bestuur genoodsaak. Vir doeleindes hiervan is die doelstellings van metropolitaanse bestuur herformuleer en is fabrieksvestiging as 'n instrument in metropolitaanse bestuur geïdentifiseer om die toeganklikheid tot ekonomiese aktiwiteite te verhoog. Daar is bepaal dat die gebrek aan fabrieksvestiging in die tradisionele nie-blanke stedelike gebiede en die groot afstande tussen werks- en woonplek in Noord-Gauteng toeganklikheid vir nie-blankes beperk het. Die Nuwe Institusionele Benadering, wat as 'n teoretiese vertrekpunt vir die studie dien, beklemtoon die rol van mededingende indiwidue en belangegroepe in die bepaling van die intra-stedelike struktuur. In Ontleding van die rol van hoofsaaklik blanke indiwidue en belangegroepe, nl. die gemeenskap, die plaaslike en sentrale owerhede, en die fabrieksondernemer, het getoon dat die plaaslike en sentrale owerhede 'n bepalende rol gespeel het in die vasstelling van die intra-stedelike struktuur van die studiegebied. Die gemeenskap en fabrieksondernemers se benadering was grootliks gerig op hul eie partikuliere belang en die ontoeganklikheid van die studiegebied vir nie-blanke bevolkingsgroepe was nie vir hulle ter sake nie. Die instellings van die stadsraadslede en amptenare van plaaslike owerhede het lVontstaan uit eksogene instellings wat op plaaslike owerhede vanaf die sentrale owerheid afgedwing was en endogene instellings wat uit In lang stedelike beplanningstradisie ontstaan het. Dié instellings hou nie verband met die realiteite van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap nie en daarom word Innuwe institusionele raamwerk vereis waarbinne besluitneming oor die intra-stedelike struktuur kan plaasvind. Hoewel hierdie studie slegs In gevallestudie van een metropolitaanse gebied is, openbaar die studiegebied al die eienskappe van die tipiese Apartheidstad in Suid- Afrika en die gevolgtrekkings kan gebruik word in die herformulering van die aard van metropolitaanse bestuur vir die meeste gebiede in Suid-Afrika.

Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation firstly outlines the findings of recent studies that have recorded the relationship between transport and economic development. This includes the assessment of a number of economic evaluation techniques that are available to predict the impact of improvements in transport on economic development. An historic overview is provided of the role that transport has played in the development of Cape Town. Due to the fact that the phases of development followed international development trends, it is concluded that development in Cape Town will follow the global trend. A number of economic growth scenarios are developed for Cape Town to assess how the City will be able to cope with the socio-demographic challenges facing it in the next century. The relationship between land price and the economic development potential of land is outlined, as are the factors that determine industrial land price, namely the demand and supply of industrial land. The process of determining the economic value of industrial land is described. This includes the collection and analysis of occupation rent of industrial townships in Cape Town, the calculation of property values and the calculation of the shadow price of land. A procedure of determining accessibility to industrial townships in Cape Town was developed. Firstly, accessibility was defined in broad terms. This was followed by a discussion of each of the elements of accessibility namely proximity, access and mobility in order to understand the factors that may impact on the level of accessibility. Finally, the level of accessibility is quantified in terms of generalised cost. A regression analysis was undertaken to establish a statistical relationship between the economic value of industrial land and accessibility to the industrial townships. The development of a numerical model was based on the regression analyses to forecast changes in industrial land price given a change in accessibility. The model was then tested on a case study. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (a) The accessibility of industrial land in Cape Town is linked closely to its CSD I Port (it was not possible to separate the CSD and the port), which is typical of a monocentric city structure. (b) There is a positive, significant, quantifiable relationship between accessibility as quantified by means of generalised cost and the economic value of industrial land, which was calculated by means of the shadow price technique. (c) There are a number of conditions that should be met for an increase in local industrial production potential to be translated into an equal amount of economic output. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif som eerstens die bevindings van onlangse studies op wat die verwantskap tussen vervoer en ekonomiese ontwikkeling dokumenteer. Dit sluit die taksering van 'n aantal ekonomiese evaluasietegnieke in wat beskikbaar is om die impak van vervoer op ekonomiese ontwikkeling te voorspel. 'n Historiese oorsig word verskaf van die rol wat vervoer gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van Kaapstad. As gevolg van die feit dat die fases van ontwikkeling in die verlede internasionale ontwikkelingstendense gevolg het, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Kaapstad die globalisasie markera, wat tans internasionaal gestalte kry, sal navolg. 'n Aantal ekonomiese groeiscenarios word vir Kaapstad ontwikkel ten einde te bepaal hoe die stad die sosiodemografiese uitdagings van die volgende eeu sal hanteer. Die verwantskap tussen grondprys en die ekonomiese ontwikkelingspotensiaal van grond word omskryf, asook die faktore wat industriële grondprys bepaal. Die proses van die bepaling van die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond word beskryf. Dit sluit die insamel en analise van besettingshuurdata van industriële dorpsgebiede, die berekening van eiendomswaarde en die berekening van die skaduprys van grond in. 'n Prosedure is ontwikkel vir die berekening van die toeganklikheid van industriële dorpsgebiede in Kaapstad. Eerstens is toeganklikheid in breë trekke gedefinieër. Dit is gevolg deur 'n bespreking van elk van die elemente van toeganklikheid, naamlik nabyheid, aansluiting en mobiliteit ten einde die faktore wat op die vlak van toeganklikheid mag impakteer te verstaan. Laastens is die vlak van toeganklikheid gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende vervoerkoste. 'n Regressie-analise is onderneem ten einde die statistiese verwantskap tussen die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond en toeganklikheid na industriële dorpsgebiede te bepaal. Die ontwikkeling van 'n numeriese model is op die regressie-analise gebaseer ten einde veranderinge in industriële grondpryse te voorspel, gegewe 'n verandering in toeganklikheid. Die model is op 'n gevallestudie toegepas. Die vernaamste gevolgtrekkings van die studie is : (a) Die toeganklikheid van industriële grond in Kaapstad is nou gekoppel aan die sentrale sakekern I hawe (dit was nie moontlik om die sentrale sakekern en hawe te skei nie), wat tipies is van n monosentriese staduitleg. (b) Daar is n noemenswaardige positiewe kwantifiseerbare verwantskap tussen toeganklikheid, soos gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende koste, en die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond wat deur middel van die skaduprystegniek bereken is. (c) Daar is 'n aantal voorwaardes waaraan voldoen moet word alvorens 'n toename in plaaslike industriële produksiepotensiaal tot 'n soortgelyke toename in ekonomiese ontwikelingspotensiaal sal lei.