5G was and is still surrounded by many promises and buzzwords, such as the famous 1 ms, real-time, and Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). This was partly intended to get the attention of vertical industries to become new customers for mobile networks, which shall be deployed in their factories. With the allowance of federal agencies, companies deployed their own private 5G networks to test new use cases enabled by 5G. But what has been missing, apart from all the marketing, is the knowledge of what 5G can really do? Private 5G networks are envisioned to enable new use cases with strict latency requirements, such as robot control. This work has examined in great detail the capabilities of the current 5G Release 15 as private network, and in particular its suitability with regard to time-critical communications. For that, a testbed was designed to measure One-Way Delays (OWDs) and Round-Trip Times (RTTs) with high accuracy. The measurements were conducted in 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) net-works and are the first published results. The evaluation revealed results that were not obvious or identified by previous work. For example, a strong impact of the packet rate on the resulting OWD and RTT was found. It was also found that typically 95% of the SA downlink end-to-end packet delays are in the range of 4 ms to 10 ms, indicating a fairly wide spread of packet delays, with the Inter-Packet Delay Variation (IPDV) between consecutive packets distributed in the millisecond range. Surprisingly, it also seems to matter for the RTT from which direction, i.e. Downlink (DL) or Uplink (UL), a round-trip communication was initiated. Another important factor plays especially the Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) of packets on the RTT distribution. These examples from the results found demonstrate the need to critically examine 5G and any successors in terms of their real-time capabilities. In addition to the end-to-end OWD and RTT, the delays caused by 4G and 5G Core processing has been investigated as well. Current state-of-the-art 4G and 5G Core implementations exhibit long-tailed delay distributions. To overcome such limitations, modern packet processing have been evaluated in terms of their respective tail-latency. The hardware-based solution was able to process packets with deterministic delay, but the software-based solutions also achieved soft real-time results. These results allow the selection of the right technology for use cases depending on their tail-latency requirements. In summary, many insights into the suitability of 5G for time-critical communications were gained from the study of the current 5G Release 15. The measurement framework, analysis methods, and results will inform the further development and refinement of private 5G campus networks for industrial use cases.

由於全球競爭日益激烈，傳統組織面對新環境紛紛適應不良而重新檢討、調整。我國之中小企業佔九成以上，面對國際強大之競爭壓力下，履創佳績，根據專家學者的研究指出，我國企業能小兵立大功之主因在於產業間特殊緊密的合作網路，因此本研究乃針對我國最具競爭力的產業之一--資訊電子業，進行實証了解其網路合作行為，並進而提出未來的策略方向，期能對我國企業在網路合作管理上有所貢獻。本研究根據Williamson(1991)所提之資產特殊性程度之高低，會影響交易的完成的型式之假設下，進而推導資產特殊性及正式化程度之高低會使網路合作型式有所不同；本研究依據資產特殊性由低至高將網路型式分為市場型、動態型、穩定型（組織型）網路，而分析的對象乃為資訊產業價值鏈上之價值活動(Jarillo,1988)，而各型網路有其形成之主動機，而根據資產特殊性、正式化程度及形成動機進而可對各型網路內之廠商提出未來之策略方向。研究結論發現，當資產特殊性高時，網路合作傾向於以正式化程度高的層級組織式；而若資產特殊性相對低時，其合作形式以市場機制為主導。而資產特殊性的運用是區分不同網路型態的重要依據，而各型態有其特色及不同的網路合作行為有著不同的策略方向。